Asymptote C

Percentage Accurate: 53.8% → 99.2%

Time: 8.5s

Alternatives: 10

Speedup: 0.7×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (/ x (+ x 1.0)) (/ (+ x 1.0) (- x 1.0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return (x / (x + 1.0)) - ((x + 1.0) / (x - 1.0));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (x / (x + 1.0d0)) - ((x + 1.0d0) / (x - 1.0d0))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return (x / (x + 1.0)) - ((x + 1.0) / (x - 1.0));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return (x / (x + 1.0)) - ((x + 1.0) / (x - 1.0))

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(x / Float64(x + 1.0)) - Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) / Float64(x - 1.0)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (x / (x + 1.0)) - ((x + 1.0) / (x - 1.0));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(N[(x / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 53.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (/ x (+ x 1.0)) (/ (+ x 1.0) (- x 1.0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return (x / (x + 1.0)) - ((x + 1.0) / (x - 1.0));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (x / (x + 1.0d0)) - ((x + 1.0d0) / (x - 1.0d0))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return (x / (x + 1.0)) - ((x + 1.0) / (x - 1.0));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return (x / (x + 1.0)) - ((x + 1.0) / (x - 1.0))

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(x / Float64(x + 1.0)) - Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) / Float64(x - 1.0)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (x / (x + 1.0)) - ((x + 1.0) / (x - 1.0));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(N[(x / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 99.2% accurate, 0.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x}{x + 1}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{x \cdot x}, -3 - x, -3\right)}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\left(x + -1\right) \cdot \left(x + -1\right)}, 1 - x \cdot x, t\_0\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ x (+ x 1.0))))
   (if (<= (+ t_0 (/ (- -1.0 x) (+ x -1.0))) 0.0)
     (/ (fma (/ 1.0 (* x x)) (- -3.0 x) -3.0) x)
     (fma (/ 1.0 (* (+ x -1.0) (+ x -1.0))) (- 1.0 (* x x)) t_0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = x / (x + 1.0);
	double tmp;
	if ((t_0 + ((-1.0 - x) / (x + -1.0))) <= 0.0) {
		tmp = fma((1.0 / (x * x)), (-3.0 - x), -3.0) / x;
	} else {
		tmp = fma((1.0 / ((x + -1.0) * (x + -1.0))), (1.0 - (x * x)), t_0);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(x)
	t_0 = Float64(x / Float64(x + 1.0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(t_0 + Float64(Float64(-1.0 - x) / Float64(x + -1.0))) <= 0.0)
		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(1.0 / Float64(x * x)), Float64(-3.0 - x), -3.0) / x);
	else
		tmp = fma(Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(x + -1.0) * Float64(x + -1.0))), Float64(1.0 - Float64(x * x)), t_0);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(x / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(t$95$0 + N[(N[(-1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.0], N[(N[(N[(1.0 / N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-3.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] + -3.0), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(1.0 / N[(N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (-.f64 (/.f64 x (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))) (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)))) < 0.0

   1. Initial program 7.5%

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Applied rewrites 3.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + 3 \cdot x} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{3 \cdot x + 1} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot 3} + 1 \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 1.7

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 3, 1\right)} \]

   8. Applied rewrites 1.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 3, 1\right)} \]

   9. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto 3 \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

   11. Applied rewrites 1.7%

       \[\leadsto 3 \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]

   12. Taylor expanded in x around inf

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \frac{1 + 3 \cdot \frac{1}{x}}{x} - 3}{x}} \]

   14. Applied rewrites 99.2%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{x \cdot x}, -3 - x, -3\right)}{x}} \]

   if 0.0 < (-.f64 (/.f64 x (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))) (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))))

   1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1}} \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right)\right)} \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right)\right) + \frac{x}{x + 1}} \]

      4. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}}\right)\right) + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      5. distribute-neg-frac2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x + 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x - 1\right)\right)}} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      6. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x + 1}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x - 1\right)\right)} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      7. flip-+ N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot x - 1 \cdot 1}{x - 1}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x - 1\right)\right)} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      8. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{x \cdot x - 1 \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{x - 1}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x - 1\right)\right)} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      9. div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x - 1 \cdot 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{x - 1}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x - 1\right)\right)} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      10. neg-mul-1 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(x \cdot x - 1 \cdot 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{x - 1}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      11. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(x \cdot x - 1 \cdot 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{x - 1}}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      12. times-frac N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot x - 1 \cdot 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{x - 1}}{x - 1}} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      13. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{x \cdot x - 1 \cdot 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)}, \frac{\frac{1}{x - 1}}{x - 1}, \frac{x}{x + 1}\right)} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -1\right)}{-1}, \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1}, \frac{x}{x + 1}\right)} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -1\right)}{-1} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} + \frac{x}{x + 1}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -1\right)}{-1}} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      3. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -1\right)}{-1}} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      4. div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{-1}\right)} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      5. lift-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + -1\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{-1}\right) + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      6. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot x + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{-1}\right) + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      7. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x - 1\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{-1}\right) + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      8. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot x - \color{blue}{1 \cdot 1}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{-1}\right) + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      9. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot x - 1 \cdot 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-1}\right) + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      10. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(x \cdot x - 1 \cdot 1\right)\right)} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      11. neg-mul-1 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x \cdot x - 1 \cdot 1\right)\right)\right)} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      12. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x \cdot x - \color{blue}{1}\right)\right)\right) + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      13. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)}\right)\right) + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x \cdot x + \color{blue}{-1}\right)\right)\right) + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      15. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 + x \cdot x\right)}\right)\right) + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      16. distribute-neg-in N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      17. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right) + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      18. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - x \cdot x\right)} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{x + -1}}{x + -1} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1 \cdot 1} - x \cdot x\right) + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\left(x + -1\right) \cdot \left(x + -1\right)}, 1 - x \cdot x, \frac{x}{x + 1}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{x \cdot x}, -3 - x, -3\right)}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\left(x + -1\right) \cdot \left(x + -1\right)}, 1 - x \cdot x, \frac{x}{x + 1}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.2% accurate, 0.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{x \cdot x}, -3 - x, -3\right)}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{x + 1}, x, \frac{x + 1}{1 - x}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (+ (/ x (+ x 1.0)) (/ (- -1.0 x) (+ x -1.0))) 0.0)
   (/ (fma (/ 1.0 (* x x)) (- -3.0 x) -3.0) x)
   (fma (/ 1.0 (+ x 1.0)) x (/ (+ x 1.0) (- 1.0 x)))))

C

double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (((x / (x + 1.0)) + ((-1.0 - x) / (x + -1.0))) <= 0.0) {
		tmp = fma((1.0 / (x * x)), (-3.0 - x), -3.0) / x;
	} else {
		tmp = fma((1.0 / (x + 1.0)), x, ((x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(x / Float64(x + 1.0)) + Float64(Float64(-1.0 - x) / Float64(x + -1.0))) <= 0.0)
		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(1.0 / Float64(x * x)), Float64(-3.0 - x), -3.0) / x);
	else
		tmp = fma(Float64(1.0 / Float64(x + 1.0)), x, Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) / Float64(1.0 - x)));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(x / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.0], N[(N[(N[(1.0 / N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-3.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] + -3.0), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(1.0 / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * x + N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (-.f64 (/.f64 x (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))) (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)))) < 0.0

   1. Initial program 7.5%

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Applied rewrites 3.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + 3 \cdot x} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{3 \cdot x + 1} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot 3} + 1 \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 1.7

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 3, 1\right)} \]

   8. Applied rewrites 1.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 3, 1\right)} \]

   9. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto 3 \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

   11. Applied rewrites 1.7%

       \[\leadsto 3 \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]

   12. Taylor expanded in x around inf

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \frac{1 + 3 \cdot \frac{1}{x}}{x} - 3}{x}} \]

   14. Applied rewrites 99.2%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{x \cdot x}, -3 - x, -3\right)}{x}} \]

   if 0.0 < (-.f64 (/.f64 x (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))) (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))))

   1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \color{blue}{\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}} \]

      2. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{x - 1}{x + 1}}} \]

      3. associate-/r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x - 1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)} \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x - 1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)} \]

      5. lower-/.f64 99.9

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x - 1}} \cdot \left(x + 1\right) \]

      6. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x - 1}} \cdot \left(x + 1\right) \]

      7. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}} \cdot \left(x + 1\right) \]

      8. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}} \cdot \left(x + 1\right) \]

      9. metadata-eval 99.9

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x + \color{blue}{-1}} \cdot \left(x + 1\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + -1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x + -1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)} \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{x + -1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)\right)\right)} \]

      3. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{x + -1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{x + 1}{x}}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{x + -1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-/r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} \cdot x} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{x + -1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x + 1} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + -1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)}\right)\right) \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x + 1} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{x + -1}}\right)\right) \]

      8. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x + 1} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + -1}}\right)\right) \]

      9. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x + 1} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + -1}}\right)\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x + 1} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{x + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}}\right)\right) \]

      11. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x + 1} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x - 1}}\right)\right) \]

      12. div-inv N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x + 1} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}}\right)\right) \]

      13. lift-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x + 1} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{x + 1}}{x - 1}\right)\right) \]

      14. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{x + 1}, x, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right)\right)} \]

      15. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1}}, x, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right)\right) \]

      16. lift-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + 1}}, x, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right)\right) \]

      17. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + x}}, x, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right)\right) \]

      18. lower-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + x}}, x, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right)\right) \]

      19. lift-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{1 + x}, x, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{x + 1}}{x - 1}\right)\right) \]

      20. distribute-neg-frac2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{1 + x}, x, \color{blue}{\frac{x + 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x - 1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{1 + x}, x, \color{blue}{\frac{x + 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x - 1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{1 + x}, x, \frac{1 + x}{1 - x}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{x \cdot x}, -3 - x, -3\right)}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{x + 1}, x, \frac{x + 1}{1 - x}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 99.2% accurate, 0.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{x \cdot x}, -3 - x, -3\right)}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x + -1, \left(x + 1\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -1\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (+ (/ x (+ x 1.0)) (/ (- -1.0 x) (+ x -1.0))) 0.0)
   (/ (fma (/ 1.0 (* x x)) (- -3.0 x) -3.0) x)
   (/ (fma x (+ x -1.0) (* (+ x 1.0) (- -1.0 x))) (fma x x -1.0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (((x / (x + 1.0)) + ((-1.0 - x) / (x + -1.0))) <= 0.0) {
		tmp = fma((1.0 / (x * x)), (-3.0 - x), -3.0) / x;
	} else {
		tmp = fma(x, (x + -1.0), ((x + 1.0) * (-1.0 - x))) / fma(x, x, -1.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(x / Float64(x + 1.0)) + Float64(Float64(-1.0 - x) / Float64(x + -1.0))) <= 0.0)
		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(1.0 / Float64(x * x)), Float64(-3.0 - x), -3.0) / x);
	else
		tmp = Float64(fma(x, Float64(x + -1.0), Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) * Float64(-1.0 - x))) / fma(x, x, -1.0));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(x / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.0], N[(N[(N[(1.0 / N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-3.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] + -3.0), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(x * N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x * x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (-.f64 (/.f64 x (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))) (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)))) < 0.0

   1. Initial program 7.5%

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Applied rewrites 3.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + 3 \cdot x} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{3 \cdot x + 1} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot 3} + 1 \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 1.7

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 3, 1\right)} \]

   8. Applied rewrites 1.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 3, 1\right)} \]

   9. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto 3 \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

   11. Applied rewrites 1.7%

       \[\leadsto 3 \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]

   12. Taylor expanded in x around inf

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \frac{1 + 3 \cdot \frac{1}{x}}{x} - 3}{x}} \]

   14. Applied rewrites 99.2%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{x \cdot x}, -3 - x, -3\right)}{x}} \]

   if 0.0 < (-.f64 (/.f64 x (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))) (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))))

   1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \color{blue}{\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}} \]

      2. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{x - 1}{x + 1}}} \]

      3. associate-/r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x - 1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)} \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x - 1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)} \]

      5. lower-/.f64 99.9

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x - 1}} \cdot \left(x + 1\right) \]

      6. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x - 1}} \cdot \left(x + 1\right) \]

      7. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}} \cdot \left(x + 1\right) \]

      8. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}} \cdot \left(x + 1\right) \]

      9. metadata-eval 99.9

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x + \color{blue}{-1}} \cdot \left(x + 1\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + -1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x + -1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)} \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{x + -1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)\right)\right)} \]

      3. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{x + -1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{x + 1}{x}}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{x + -1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-/r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} \cdot x} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{x + -1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x + 1} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + -1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)}\right)\right) \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x + 1} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{x + -1}}\right)\right) \]

      8. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x + 1} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + -1}}\right)\right) \]

      9. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x + 1} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + -1}}\right)\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x + 1} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{x + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}}\right)\right) \]

      11. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x + 1} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x - 1}}\right)\right) \]

      12. div-inv N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x + 1} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}}\right)\right) \]

      13. lift-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x + 1} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{x + 1}}{x - 1}\right)\right) \]

      14. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{x + 1}, x, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right)\right)} \]

      15. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1}}, x, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right)\right) \]

      16. lift-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + 1}}, x, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right)\right) \]

      17. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + x}}, x, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right)\right) \]

      18. lower-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + x}}, x, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right)\right) \]

      19. lift-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{1 + x}, x, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{x + 1}}{x - 1}\right)\right) \]

      20. distribute-neg-frac2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{1 + x}, x, \color{blue}{\frac{x + 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x - 1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{1 + x}, x, \color{blue}{\frac{x + 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x - 1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{1 + x}, x, \frac{1 + x}{1 - x}\right)} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + x} \cdot x + \frac{1 + x}{1 - x}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{1}{1 + x}} + \frac{1 + x}{1 - x} \]

      3. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + x}} + \frac{1 + x}{1 - x} \]

      4. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto x \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + x}} + \frac{1 + x}{1 - x} \]

      5. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto x \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + 1}} + \frac{1 + x}{1 - x} \]

      6. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto x \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + 1}} + \frac{1 + x}{1 - x} \]

      7. div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1}} + \frac{1 + x}{1 - x} \]

      8. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1}} + \frac{1 + x}{1 - x} \]

      9. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} + \color{blue}{\frac{1 + x}{1 - x}} \]

      10. lift-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{\color{blue}{1 + x}}{1 - x} \]

      11. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{\color{blue}{x + 1}}{1 - x} \]

      12. lift-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{\color{blue}{x + 1}}{1 - x} \]

      13. lift--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{x + 1}{\color{blue}{1 - x}} \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{x + 1}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)}} \]

      15. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{x + 1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)} \]

      16. distribute-neg-in N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{x + 1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(-1 + x\right)\right)}} \]

      17. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{x + 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(x + -1\right)}\right)} \]

      18. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{x + 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(x + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}\right)\right)} \]

      19. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{x + 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(x - 1\right)}\right)} \]

      20. distribute-neg-frac2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right)\right)} \]

      21. lift-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{x + 1}}{x - 1}\right)\right) \]

      22. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1}} \]

      23. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1}} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]

      24. lift-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{\color{blue}{x + 1}}{x - 1} \]

   8. Applied rewrites 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x + -1, \left(-1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 + x\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -1\right)}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{x \cdot x}, -3 - x, -3\right)}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x + -1, \left(x + 1\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -1\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 99.2% accurate, 0.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{x \cdot x}, -3 - x, -3\right)}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (+ (/ x (+ x 1.0)) (/ (- -1.0 x) (+ x -1.0)))))
   (if (<= t_0 0.0) (/ (fma (/ 1.0 (* x x)) (- -3.0 x) -3.0) x) t_0)))

C

double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = (x / (x + 1.0)) + ((-1.0 - x) / (x + -1.0));
	double tmp;
	if (t_0 <= 0.0) {
		tmp = fma((1.0 / (x * x)), (-3.0 - x), -3.0) / x;
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(x)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(x / Float64(x + 1.0)) + Float64(Float64(-1.0 - x) / Float64(x + -1.0)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_0 <= 0.0)
		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(1.0 / Float64(x * x)), Float64(-3.0 - x), -3.0) / x);
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(x / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 0.0], N[(N[(N[(1.0 / N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-3.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] + -3.0), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (-.f64 (/.f64 x (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))) (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)))) < 0.0

   1. Initial program 7.5%

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Applied rewrites 3.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + 3 \cdot x} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{3 \cdot x + 1} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot 3} + 1 \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 1.7

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 3, 1\right)} \]

   8. Applied rewrites 1.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 3, 1\right)} \]

   9. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto 3 \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

   11. Applied rewrites 1.7%

       \[\leadsto 3 \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]

   12. Taylor expanded in x around inf

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \frac{1 + 3 \cdot \frac{1}{x}}{x} - 3}{x}} \]

   14. Applied rewrites 99.2%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{x \cdot x}, -3 - x, -3\right)}{x}} \]

   if 0.0 < (-.f64 (/.f64 x (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))) (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))))

   1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{x \cdot x}, -3 - x, -3\right)}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 99.1% accurate, 0.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3 + \frac{-1}{x}}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (+ (/ x (+ x 1.0)) (/ (- -1.0 x) (+ x -1.0)))))
   (if (<= t_0 0.0) (/ (+ -3.0 (/ -1.0 x)) x) t_0)))

C

double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = (x / (x + 1.0)) + ((-1.0 - x) / (x + -1.0));
	double tmp;
	if (t_0 <= 0.0) {
		tmp = (-3.0 + (-1.0 / x)) / x;
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = (x / (x + 1.0d0)) + (((-1.0d0) - x) / (x + (-1.0d0)))
    if (t_0 <= 0.0d0) then
        tmp = ((-3.0d0) + ((-1.0d0) / x)) / x
    else
        tmp = t_0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = (x / (x + 1.0)) + ((-1.0 - x) / (x + -1.0));
	double tmp;
	if (t_0 <= 0.0) {
		tmp = (-3.0 + (-1.0 / x)) / x;
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x):
	t_0 = (x / (x + 1.0)) + ((-1.0 - x) / (x + -1.0))
	tmp = 0
	if t_0 <= 0.0:
		tmp = (-3.0 + (-1.0 / x)) / x
	else:
		tmp = t_0
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(x / Float64(x + 1.0)) + Float64(Float64(-1.0 - x) / Float64(x + -1.0)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_0 <= 0.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-3.0 + Float64(-1.0 / x)) / x);
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(x)
	t_0 = (x / (x + 1.0)) + ((-1.0 - x) / (x + -1.0));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_0 <= 0.0)
		tmp = (-3.0 + (-1.0 / x)) / x;
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(x / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 0.0], N[(N[(-3.0 + N[(-1.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (-.f64 (/.f64 x (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))) (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)))) < 0.0

   1. Initial program 7.5%

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{3 + \frac{1}{x}}{x}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(3 + \frac{1}{x}\right)}{x}} \]

      2. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(3 + \frac{1}{x}\right)}{x}} \]

      3. neg-mul-1 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(3 + \frac{1}{x}\right)\right)}}{x} \]

      4. distribute-neg-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)\right)}}{x} \]

      5. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-3} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)\right)}{x} \]

      6. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-3 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)\right)}}{x} \]

      7. distribute-neg-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{-3 + \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)}{x}}}{x} \]

      8. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{-3 + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{x}}{x} \]

      9. lower-/.f64 99.1

         \[\leadsto \frac{-3 + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{x}}}{x} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-3 + \frac{-1}{x}}{x}} \]

   if 0.0 < (-.f64 (/.f64 x (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))) (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))))

   1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 99.5%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3 + \frac{-1}{x}}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 99.2% accurate, 0.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} \leq 0.02:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3 + \frac{-1}{x}}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(3, x, 1\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, 1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (+ (/ x (+ x 1.0)) (/ (- -1.0 x) (+ x -1.0))) 0.02)
   (/ (+ -3.0 (/ -1.0 x)) x)
   (* (fma 3.0 x 1.0) (fma x x 1.0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (((x / (x + 1.0)) + ((-1.0 - x) / (x + -1.0))) <= 0.02) {
		tmp = (-3.0 + (-1.0 / x)) / x;
	} else {
		tmp = fma(3.0, x, 1.0) * fma(x, x, 1.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(x / Float64(x + 1.0)) + Float64(Float64(-1.0 - x) / Float64(x + -1.0))) <= 0.02)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-3.0 + Float64(-1.0 / x)) / x);
	else
		tmp = Float64(fma(3.0, x, 1.0) * fma(x, x, 1.0));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(x / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.02], N[(N[(-3.0 + N[(-1.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(3.0 * x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (-.f64 (/.f64 x (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))) (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)))) < 0.0200000000000000004

   1. Initial program 8.1%

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{3 + \frac{1}{x}}{x}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(3 + \frac{1}{x}\right)}{x}} \]

      2. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(3 + \frac{1}{x}\right)}{x}} \]

      3. neg-mul-1 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(3 + \frac{1}{x}\right)\right)}}{x} \]

      4. distribute-neg-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)\right)}}{x} \]

      5. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-3} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)\right)}{x} \]

      6. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-3 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)\right)}}{x} \]

      7. distribute-neg-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{-3 + \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)}{x}}}{x} \]

      8. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{-3 + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{x}}{x} \]

      9. lower-/.f64 98.6

         \[\leadsto \frac{-3 + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{x}}}{x} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-3 + \frac{-1}{x}}{x}} \]

   if 0.0200000000000000004 < (-.f64 (/.f64 x (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))) (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))))

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + x \cdot \left(3 + x \cdot \left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. distribute-lft-in N/A

         \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot 3 + x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto 1 + \left(\color{blue}{3 \cdot x} + x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. associate-+r+ N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right) + x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right)\right)} \]

      4. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right) + \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right)} \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right) + \color{blue}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right) \]

      6. distribute-rgt1-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left({x}^{2} + 1\right) \cdot \left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right)} \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right) \cdot \left({x}^{2} + 1\right)} \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right) \cdot \left({x}^{2} + 1\right)} \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(3 \cdot x + 1\right)} \cdot \left({x}^{2} + 1\right) \]

      10. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(3, x, 1\right)} \cdot \left({x}^{2} + 1\right) \]

      11. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(3, x, 1\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot x} + 1\right) \]

      12. lower-fma.f64 99.8

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(3, x, 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, 1\right)} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(3, x, 1\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, 1\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 99.2%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} \leq 0.02:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3 + \frac{-1}{x}}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(3, x, 1\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, 1\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 98.6% accurate, 0.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} \leq 0.02:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(3, x, 1\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, 1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (+ (/ x (+ x 1.0)) (/ (- -1.0 x) (+ x -1.0))) 0.02)
   (/ -3.0 x)
   (* (fma 3.0 x 1.0) (fma x x 1.0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (((x / (x + 1.0)) + ((-1.0 - x) / (x + -1.0))) <= 0.02) {
		tmp = -3.0 / x;
	} else {
		tmp = fma(3.0, x, 1.0) * fma(x, x, 1.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(x / Float64(x + 1.0)) + Float64(Float64(-1.0 - x) / Float64(x + -1.0))) <= 0.02)
		tmp = Float64(-3.0 / x);
	else
		tmp = Float64(fma(3.0, x, 1.0) * fma(x, x, 1.0));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(x / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.02], N[(-3.0 / x), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(3.0 * x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (-.f64 (/.f64 x (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))) (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)))) < 0.0200000000000000004

   1. Initial program 8.1%

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-3}{x}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-/.f64 98.1

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-3}{x}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 98.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-3}{x}} \]

   if 0.0200000000000000004 < (-.f64 (/.f64 x (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))) (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))))

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + x \cdot \left(3 + x \cdot \left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. distribute-lft-in N/A

         \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot 3 + x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto 1 + \left(\color{blue}{3 \cdot x} + x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. associate-+r+ N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right) + x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right)\right)} \]

      4. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right) + \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right)} \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right) + \color{blue}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right) \]

      6. distribute-rgt1-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left({x}^{2} + 1\right) \cdot \left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right)} \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right) \cdot \left({x}^{2} + 1\right)} \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + 3 \cdot x\right) \cdot \left({x}^{2} + 1\right)} \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(3 \cdot x + 1\right)} \cdot \left({x}^{2} + 1\right) \]

      10. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(3, x, 1\right)} \cdot \left({x}^{2} + 1\right) \]

      11. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(3, x, 1\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot x} + 1\right) \]

      12. lower-fma.f64 99.8

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(3, x, 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, 1\right)} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(3, x, 1\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, 1\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 98.9%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} \leq 0.02:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(3, x, 1\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, 1\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 98.5% accurate, 0.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} \leq 0.02:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x + 3, 1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (+ (/ x (+ x 1.0)) (/ (- -1.0 x) (+ x -1.0))) 0.02)
   (/ -3.0 x)
   (fma x (+ x 3.0) 1.0)))

C

double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (((x / (x + 1.0)) + ((-1.0 - x) / (x + -1.0))) <= 0.02) {
		tmp = -3.0 / x;
	} else {
		tmp = fma(x, (x + 3.0), 1.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(x / Float64(x + 1.0)) + Float64(Float64(-1.0 - x) / Float64(x + -1.0))) <= 0.02)
		tmp = Float64(-3.0 / x);
	else
		tmp = fma(x, Float64(x + 3.0), 1.0);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(x / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.02], N[(-3.0 / x), $MachinePrecision], N[(x * N[(x + 3.0), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (-.f64 (/.f64 x (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))) (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)))) < 0.0200000000000000004

   1. Initial program 8.1%

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-3}{x}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-/.f64 98.1

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-3}{x}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 98.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-3}{x}} \]

   if 0.0200000000000000004 < (-.f64 (/.f64 x (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))) (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))))

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + x \cdot \left(3 + x\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(3 + x\right) + 1} \]

      2. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 3 + x, 1\right)} \]

      3. lower-+.f64 99.6

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \color{blue}{3 + x}, 1\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 3 + x, 1\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 98.9%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} \leq 0.02:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x + 3, 1\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 50.2% accurate, 3.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x + 3, 1\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (fma x (+ x 3.0) 1.0))

C

double code(double x) {
	return fma(x, (x + 3.0), 1.0);
}

Julia

function code(x)
	return fma(x, Float64(x + 3.0), 1.0)
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(x * N[(x + 3.0), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 54.8%

   \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + x \cdot \left(3 + x\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(3 + x\right) + 1} \]

   2. lower-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 3 + x, 1\right)} \]

   3. lower-+.f64 51.6

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \color{blue}{3 + x}, 1\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 51.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 3 + x, 1\right)} \]

6. Final simplification 51.6%

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x + 3, 1\right) \]
7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 50.2% accurate, 35.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 1.0)

C

double code(double x) {
	return 1.0;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 1.0d0
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return 1.0;
}

Python

def code(x):
	return 1.0

Julia

function code(x)
	return 1.0
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 1.0;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := 1.0

Derivation

1. Initial program 54.8%

   \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

5. Applied rewrites 51.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024220 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "Asymptote C"
  :precision binary64
  (- (/ x (+ x 1.0)) (/ (+ x 1.0) (- x 1.0))))