
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
:precision binary64
(*
(acos
(+
(* (sin phi1) (sin phi2))
(* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)))))
R))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
return acos(((sin(phi1) * sin(phi2)) + ((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R;
}
real(8) function code(r, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
real(8), intent (in) :: r
real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
code = acos(((sin(phi1) * sin(phi2)) + ((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * r
end function
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
return Math.acos(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(phi2)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.cos(phi2)) * Math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2): return math.acos(((math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(phi2)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.cos(phi2)) * math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2) return Float64(acos(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(phi2)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R) end
function tmp = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2) tmp = acos(((sin(phi1) * sin(phi2)) + ((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R; end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(N[ArcCos[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 21 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
:precision binary64
(*
(acos
(+
(* (sin phi1) (sin phi2))
(* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)))))
R))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
return acos(((sin(phi1) * sin(phi2)) + ((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R;
}
real(8) function code(r, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
real(8), intent (in) :: r
real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
code = acos(((sin(phi1) * sin(phi2)) + ((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * r
end function
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
return Math.acos(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(phi2)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.cos(phi2)) * Math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2): return math.acos(((math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(phi2)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.cos(phi2)) * math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2) return Float64(acos(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(phi2)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R) end
function tmp = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2) tmp = acos(((sin(phi1) * sin(phi2)) + ((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R; end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(N[ArcCos[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R
\end{array}
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
:precision binary64
(*
(acos
(fma
(sin phi2)
(sin phi1)
(*
(cos phi1)
(*
(cos phi2)
(fma (sin lambda2) (sin lambda1) (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)))))))
R))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
return acos(fma(sin(phi2), sin(phi1), (cos(phi1) * (cos(phi2) * fma(sin(lambda2), sin(lambda1), (cos(lambda1) * cos(lambda2))))))) * R;
}
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2) return Float64(acos(fma(sin(phi2), sin(phi1), Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(cos(phi2) * fma(sin(lambda2), sin(lambda1), Float64(cos(lambda1) * cos(lambda2))))))) * R) end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(N[ArcCos[N[(N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[lambda2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[lambda1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[lambda1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[lambda2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R
\end{array}
Initial program 76.0%
lift-+.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-fma.f6476.0
lift-*.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
associate-*l*N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-*.f6476.0
Applied rewrites76.0%
lift-cos.f64N/A
lift--.f64N/A
cos-diffN/A
lift-cos.f64N/A
lift-cos.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
lift-sin.f64N/A
lift-sin.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
+-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f64N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-fma.f6492.2
Applied rewrites92.2%
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
:precision binary64
(if (<= phi2 -6e-7)
(*
R
(fma
PI
0.5
(-
(fma
PI
0.5
(-
(acos
(fma
(* (cos phi1) (cos phi2))
(cos (- lambda2 lambda1))
(* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))))))
(if (<= phi2 2.2e-13)
(*
R
(acos
(fma
(sin phi2)
(sin phi1)
(*
(cos phi1)
(fma (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2) (* (sin lambda2) (sin lambda1)))))))
(fma
(* PI 0.5)
R
(*
(asin
(fma
(sin phi1)
(sin phi2)
(* (cos phi1) (* (cos phi2) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))))
(- R))))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
double tmp;
if (phi2 <= -6e-7) {
tmp = R * fma(((double) M_PI), 0.5, -fma(((double) M_PI), 0.5, -acos(fma((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)), cos((lambda2 - lambda1)), (sin(phi2) * sin(phi1))))));
} else if (phi2 <= 2.2e-13) {
tmp = R * acos(fma(sin(phi2), sin(phi1), (cos(phi1) * fma(cos(lambda1), cos(lambda2), (sin(lambda2) * sin(lambda1))))));
} else {
tmp = fma((((double) M_PI) * 0.5), R, (asin(fma(sin(phi1), sin(phi2), (cos(phi1) * (cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * -R));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2) tmp = 0.0 if (phi2 <= -6e-7) tmp = Float64(R * fma(pi, 0.5, Float64(-fma(pi, 0.5, Float64(-acos(fma(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)), cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1)), Float64(sin(phi2) * sin(phi1))))))))); elseif (phi2 <= 2.2e-13) tmp = Float64(R * acos(fma(sin(phi2), sin(phi1), Float64(cos(phi1) * fma(cos(lambda1), cos(lambda2), Float64(sin(lambda2) * sin(lambda1))))))); else tmp = fma(Float64(pi * 0.5), R, Float64(asin(fma(sin(phi1), sin(phi2), Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * Float64(-R))); end return tmp end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := If[LessEqual[phi2, -6e-7], N[(R * N[(Pi * 0.5 + (-N[(Pi * 0.5 + (-N[ArcCos[N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi2, 2.2e-13], N[(R * N[ArcCos[N[(N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[lambda1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[lambda2], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Sin[lambda2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[lambda1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * R + N[(N[ArcSin[N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * (-R)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -6 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, 0.5, -\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, 0.5, -\cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right)\\
\mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 2.2 \cdot 10^{-13}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_2 \cdot \sin \lambda_1\right)\right)\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi \cdot 0.5, R, \sin^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(-R\right)\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if phi2 < -5.9999999999999997e-7Initial program 79.1%
lift-acos.f64N/A
acos-asinN/A
sub-negN/A
div-invN/A
lower-fma.f64N/A
lower-PI.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-neg.f64N/A
lower-asin.f6479.0
lift-+.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
lower-fma.f6479.0
Applied rewrites79.0%
Applied rewrites79.1%
if -5.9999999999999997e-7 < phi2 < 2.19999999999999997e-13Initial program 68.6%
lift-+.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-fma.f6468.6
lift-*.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
associate-*l*N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-*.f6468.6
Applied rewrites68.6%
lift-cos.f64N/A
lift--.f64N/A
cos-diffN/A
lift-cos.f64N/A
lift-cos.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
lift-sin.f64N/A
lift-sin.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
+-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f64N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-fma.f6489.3
Applied rewrites89.3%
Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-cos.f64N/A
lower-fma.f64N/A
lower-cos.f64N/A
lower-cos.f64N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-sin.f64N/A
lower-sin.f6489.3
Applied rewrites89.3%
if 2.19999999999999997e-13 < phi2 Initial program 78.4%
lift-*.f64N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-acos.f64N/A
acos-asinN/A
sub-negN/A
distribute-rgt-inN/A
lower-fma.f64N/A
div-invN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-PI.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
Applied rewrites78.4%
Final simplification83.8%
herbie shell --seed 2024219
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
:name "Spherical law of cosines"
:precision binary64
(* (acos (+ (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2)) (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))) R))