Spherical law of cosines

Percentage Accurate: 73.9% → 94.3%
Time: 19.4s
Alternatives: 21
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (acos
   (+
    (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2))
    (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)))))
  R))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return acos(((sin(phi1) * sin(phi2)) + ((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R;
}
real(8) function code(r, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    code = acos(((sin(phi1) * sin(phi2)) + ((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * r
end function
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return Math.acos(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(phi2)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.cos(phi2)) * Math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	return math.acos(((math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(phi2)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.cos(phi2)) * math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(acos(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(phi2)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R)
end
function tmp = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = acos(((sin(phi1) * sin(phi2)) + ((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(N[ArcCos[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 21 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 73.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (acos
   (+
    (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2))
    (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)))))
  R))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return acos(((sin(phi1) * sin(phi2)) + ((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R;
}
real(8) function code(r, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    code = acos(((sin(phi1) * sin(phi2)) + ((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * r
end function
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return Math.acos(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(phi2)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.cos(phi2)) * Math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	return math.acos(((math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(phi2)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.cos(phi2)) * math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(acos(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(phi2)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R)
end
function tmp = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = acos(((sin(phi1) * sin(phi2)) + ((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(N[ArcCos[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 94.3% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (acos
   (fma
    (sin phi2)
    (sin phi1)
    (*
     (cos phi1)
     (*
      (cos phi2)
      (fma (sin lambda2) (sin lambda1) (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)))))))
  R))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return acos(fma(sin(phi2), sin(phi1), (cos(phi1) * (cos(phi2) * fma(sin(lambda2), sin(lambda1), (cos(lambda1) * cos(lambda2))))))) * R;
}
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(acos(fma(sin(phi2), sin(phi1), Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(cos(phi2) * fma(sin(lambda2), sin(lambda1), Float64(cos(lambda1) * cos(lambda2))))))) * R)
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(N[ArcCos[N[(N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[lambda2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[lambda1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[lambda1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[lambda2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 76.0%

    \[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)} \cdot R \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    3. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    4. lower-fma.f6476.0

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot R \]
    5. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    6. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    7. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    8. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    9. lower-*.f6476.0

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right)\right) \cdot R \]
  4. Applied rewrites76.0%

    \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot R \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    2. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    3. cos-diffN/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    4. lift-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\cos \lambda_1} \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    5. lift-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \lambda_2} + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    6. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2} + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    7. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \color{blue}{\sin \lambda_1} \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    8. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \lambda_2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    9. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \color{blue}{\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    10. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    11. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2} + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    12. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \lambda_2 \cdot \sin \lambda_1} + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    13. lower-fma.f6492.2

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
  6. Applied rewrites92.2%

    \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 83.8% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -6 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, 0.5, -\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, 0.5, -\cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 2.2 \cdot 10^{-13}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_2 \cdot \sin \lambda_1\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi \cdot 0.5, R, \sin^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(-R\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= phi2 -6e-7)
   (*
    R
    (fma
     PI
     0.5
     (-
      (fma
       PI
       0.5
       (-
        (acos
         (fma
          (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2))
          (cos (- lambda2 lambda1))
          (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))))))
   (if (<= phi2 2.2e-13)
     (*
      R
      (acos
       (fma
        (sin phi2)
        (sin phi1)
        (*
         (cos phi1)
         (fma (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2) (* (sin lambda2) (sin lambda1)))))))
     (fma
      (* PI 0.5)
      R
      (*
       (asin
        (fma
         (sin phi1)
         (sin phi2)
         (* (cos phi1) (* (cos phi2) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))))
       (- R))))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= -6e-7) {
		tmp = R * fma(((double) M_PI), 0.5, -fma(((double) M_PI), 0.5, -acos(fma((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)), cos((lambda2 - lambda1)), (sin(phi2) * sin(phi1))))));
	} else if (phi2 <= 2.2e-13) {
		tmp = R * acos(fma(sin(phi2), sin(phi1), (cos(phi1) * fma(cos(lambda1), cos(lambda2), (sin(lambda2) * sin(lambda1))))));
	} else {
		tmp = fma((((double) M_PI) * 0.5), R, (asin(fma(sin(phi1), sin(phi2), (cos(phi1) * (cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * -R));
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= -6e-7)
		tmp = Float64(R * fma(pi, 0.5, Float64(-fma(pi, 0.5, Float64(-acos(fma(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)), cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1)), Float64(sin(phi2) * sin(phi1)))))))));
	elseif (phi2 <= 2.2e-13)
		tmp = Float64(R * acos(fma(sin(phi2), sin(phi1), Float64(cos(phi1) * fma(cos(lambda1), cos(lambda2), Float64(sin(lambda2) * sin(lambda1)))))));
	else
		tmp = fma(Float64(pi * 0.5), R, Float64(asin(fma(sin(phi1), sin(phi2), Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * Float64(-R)));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := If[LessEqual[phi2, -6e-7], N[(R * N[(Pi * 0.5 + (-N[(Pi * 0.5 + (-N[ArcCos[N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi2, 2.2e-13], N[(R * N[ArcCos[N[(N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[lambda1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[lambda2], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Sin[lambda2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[lambda1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * R + N[(N[ArcSin[N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * (-R)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -6 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, 0.5, -\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, 0.5, -\cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 2.2 \cdot 10^{-13}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_2 \cdot \sin \lambda_1\right)\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi \cdot 0.5, R, \sin^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(-R\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if phi2 < -5.9999999999999997e-7

    1. Initial program 79.1%

      \[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-acos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)} \cdot R \]
      2. acos-asinN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2} - \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot R \]
      3. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot R \]
      4. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      5. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot R \]
      6. lower-PI.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      7. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      8. lower-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot R \]
      9. lower-asin.f6479.0

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, 0.5, -\color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot R \]
      10. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      11. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      12. lower-fma.f6479.0

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, 0.5, -\sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot R \]
    4. Applied rewrites79.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, 0.5, -\sin^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot R \]
    5. Applied rewrites79.1%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, 0.5, -\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, 0.5, -\cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot R \]

    if -5.9999999999999997e-7 < phi2 < 2.19999999999999997e-13

    1. Initial program 68.6%

      \[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)} \cdot R \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      4. lower-fma.f6468.6

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot R \]
      5. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      6. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      7. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      8. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      9. lower-*.f6468.6

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    4. Applied rewrites68.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot R \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      2. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      3. cos-diffN/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      4. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\cos \lambda_1} \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      5. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \lambda_2} + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      6. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2} + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      7. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \color{blue}{\sin \lambda_1} \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      8. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \lambda_2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      9. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \color{blue}{\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      10. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      11. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2} + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      12. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \lambda_2 \cdot \sin \lambda_1} + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      13. lower-fma.f6489.3

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    6. Applied rewrites89.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    7. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      2. lower-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      3. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      4. lower-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \lambda_1}, \cos \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      5. lower-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \lambda_1, \color{blue}{\cos \lambda_2}, \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \color{blue}{\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      7. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \color{blue}{\sin \lambda_1} \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
      8. lower-sin.f6489.3

        \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \lambda_2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    9. Applied rewrites89.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right) \cdot R \]

    if 2.19999999999999997e-13 < phi2

    1. Initial program 78.4%

      \[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{R \cdot \cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)} \]
      3. lift-acos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \color{blue}{\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)} \]
      4. acos-asinN/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2} - \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \]
      5. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
      6. distribute-rgt-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2} \cdot R + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R} \]
      7. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}, R, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R\right)} \]
      8. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}, R, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R\right) \]
      9. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}, R, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R\right) \]
      10. lower-PI.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}, R, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R\right) \]
      11. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}, R, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R\right) \]
      12. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}, R, \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R}\right) \]
    4. Applied rewrites78.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi \cdot 0.5, R, \left(-\sin^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot R\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification83.8%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -6 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, 0.5, -\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, 0.5, -\cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 2.2 \cdot 10^{-13}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_2 \cdot \sin \lambda_1\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi \cdot 0.5, R, \sin^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(-R\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024219 
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
  :name "Spherical law of cosines"
  :precision binary64
  (* (acos (+ (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2)) (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))) R))