2sin (example 3.3)

Percentage Accurate: 62.6% → 100.0%
Time: 14.4s
Alternatives: 14
Speedup: 12.2×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left(-10000 \leq x \land x \leq 10000\right) \land 10^{-16} \cdot \left|x\right| < \varepsilon\right) \land \varepsilon < \left|x\right|\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
	return sin((x + eps)) - sin(x);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = sin((x + eps)) - sin(x)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	return Math.sin((x + eps)) - Math.sin(x);
}
def code(x, eps):
	return math.sin((x + eps)) - math.sin(x)
function code(x, eps)
	return Float64(sin(Float64(x + eps)) - sin(x))
end
function tmp = code(x, eps)
	tmp = sin((x + eps)) - sin(x);
end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Sin[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 14 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 62.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
	return sin((x + eps)) - sin(x);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = sin((x + eps)) - sin(x)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	return Math.sin((x + eps)) - Math.sin(x);
}
def code(x, eps):
	return math.sin((x + eps)) - math.sin(x)
function code(x, eps)
	return Float64(sin(Float64(x + eps)) - sin(x))
end
function tmp = code(x, eps)
	tmp = sin((x + eps)) - sin(x);
end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Sin[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 100.0% accurate, 0.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right)\\ t_1 := t\_0 \cdot \sin x\\ t_2 := \cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos x\\ 2 \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot \frac{{t\_2}^{3} - {t\_1}^{3}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_2, t\_2, \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_1, t\_1, t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right)\right)}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sin (* eps 0.5)))
        (t_1 (* t_0 (sin x)))
        (t_2 (* (cos (* eps 0.5)) (cos x))))
   (*
    2.0
    (*
     t_0
     (/
      (- (pow t_2 3.0) (pow t_1 3.0))
      (fma t_2 t_2 (fma t_1 t_1 (* t_2 t_1))))))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
	double t_0 = sin((eps * 0.5));
	double t_1 = t_0 * sin(x);
	double t_2 = cos((eps * 0.5)) * cos(x);
	return 2.0 * (t_0 * ((pow(t_2, 3.0) - pow(t_1, 3.0)) / fma(t_2, t_2, fma(t_1, t_1, (t_2 * t_1)))));
}
function code(x, eps)
	t_0 = sin(Float64(eps * 0.5))
	t_1 = Float64(t_0 * sin(x))
	t_2 = Float64(cos(Float64(eps * 0.5)) * cos(x))
	return Float64(2.0 * Float64(t_0 * Float64(Float64((t_2 ^ 3.0) - (t_1 ^ 3.0)) / fma(t_2, t_2, fma(t_1, t_1, Float64(t_2 * t_1))))))
end
code[x_, eps_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(eps * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(t$95$0 * N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Cos[N[(eps * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(2.0 * N[(t$95$0 * N[(N[(N[Power[t$95$2, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[t$95$1, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$2 * t$95$2 + N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1 + N[(t$95$2 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right)\\
t_1 := t\_0 \cdot \sin x\\
t_2 := \cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos x\\
2 \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot \frac{{t\_2}^{3} - {t\_1}^{3}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_2, t\_2, \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_1, t\_1, t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right)\right)}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 62.4%

    \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x} \]
    2. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \sin x \]
    3. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \color{blue}{\sin x} \]
    4. diff-sinN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) + x}{2}\right)\right)} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) + x}{2}\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) + x}{2}\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\left(\varepsilon + 0\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 2, \varepsilon\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in eps around inf

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + 2 \cdot x\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right)} \cdot 2 \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + 2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)} \cdot 2 \]
    2. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-2\right)\right)} \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
    3. cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon - -2 \cdot x\right)}\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
    4. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon - -2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)} \cdot 2 \]
    5. lower-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon - -2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon - -2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
    7. lower-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon - -2 \cdot x\right)\right)}\right) \cdot 2 \]
    8. cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-2\right)\right) \cdot x\right)}\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
    9. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + \color{blue}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
    10. distribute-lft-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)}\right) \cdot 2 \]
    11. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2\right) \cdot x}\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
    12. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon + \color{blue}{1} \cdot x\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
    13. *-lft-identityN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon + \color{blue}{x}\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
    14. lower-fma.f6499.8

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \varepsilon, x\right)\right)}\right) \cdot 2 \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \varepsilon, x\right)\right)\right)} \cdot 2 \]
  8. Applied rewrites100.0%

    \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(\cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos x\right)}^{3} - {\left(\sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin x\right)}^{3}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos x, \cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos x, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin x, \sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin x, \left(\cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos x\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin x\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \cdot 2 \]
  9. Final simplification100.0%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(\cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos x\right)}^{3} - {\left(\sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin x\right)}^{3}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos x, \cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos x, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin x, \sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin x, \left(\cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos x\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin x\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 100.0% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right)\\ 2 \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot \left(\cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos x - t\_0 \cdot \sin x\right)\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sin (* eps 0.5))))
   (* 2.0 (* t_0 (- (* (cos (* eps 0.5)) (cos x)) (* t_0 (sin x)))))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
	double t_0 = sin((eps * 0.5));
	return 2.0 * (t_0 * ((cos((eps * 0.5)) * cos(x)) - (t_0 * sin(x))));
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = sin((eps * 0.5d0))
    code = 2.0d0 * (t_0 * ((cos((eps * 0.5d0)) * cos(x)) - (t_0 * sin(x))))
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	double t_0 = Math.sin((eps * 0.5));
	return 2.0 * (t_0 * ((Math.cos((eps * 0.5)) * Math.cos(x)) - (t_0 * Math.sin(x))));
}
def code(x, eps):
	t_0 = math.sin((eps * 0.5))
	return 2.0 * (t_0 * ((math.cos((eps * 0.5)) * math.cos(x)) - (t_0 * math.sin(x))))
function code(x, eps)
	t_0 = sin(Float64(eps * 0.5))
	return Float64(2.0 * Float64(t_0 * Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(eps * 0.5)) * cos(x)) - Float64(t_0 * sin(x)))))
end
function tmp = code(x, eps)
	t_0 = sin((eps * 0.5));
	tmp = 2.0 * (t_0 * ((cos((eps * 0.5)) * cos(x)) - (t_0 * sin(x))));
end
code[x_, eps_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(eps * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(2.0 * N[(t$95$0 * N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(eps * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(t$95$0 * N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right)\\
2 \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot \left(\cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos x - t\_0 \cdot \sin x\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 62.6%

    \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x} \]
    2. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \sin x \]
    3. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \color{blue}{\sin x} \]
    4. diff-sinN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) + x}{2}\right)\right)} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) + x}{2}\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) + x}{2}\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\left(\varepsilon + 0\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 2, \varepsilon\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in eps around inf

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + 2 \cdot x\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right)} \cdot 2 \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + 2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)} \cdot 2 \]
    2. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-2\right)\right)} \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
    3. cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon - -2 \cdot x\right)}\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
    4. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon - -2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)} \cdot 2 \]
    5. lower-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon - -2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon - -2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
    7. lower-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon - -2 \cdot x\right)\right)}\right) \cdot 2 \]
    8. cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-2\right)\right) \cdot x\right)}\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
    9. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + \color{blue}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
    10. distribute-lft-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)}\right) \cdot 2 \]
    11. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2\right) \cdot x}\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
    12. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon + \color{blue}{1} \cdot x\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
    13. *-lft-identityN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon + \color{blue}{x}\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
    14. lower-fma.f6499.9

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \varepsilon, x\right)\right)}\right) \cdot 2 \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \varepsilon, x\right)\right)\right)} \cdot 2 \]
  8. Applied rewrites100.0%

    \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos x - \color{blue}{\sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin x}\right)\right) \cdot 2 \]
  9. Final simplification100.0%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos x - \sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin x\right)\right) \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Developer Target 1: 99.9% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(2 \cdot \cos \left(x + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* 2.0 (cos (+ x (/ eps 2.0)))) (sin (/ eps 2.0))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
	return (2.0 * cos((x + (eps / 2.0)))) * sin((eps / 2.0));
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = (2.0d0 * cos((x + (eps / 2.0d0)))) * sin((eps / 2.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	return (2.0 * Math.cos((x + (eps / 2.0)))) * Math.sin((eps / 2.0));
}
def code(x, eps):
	return (2.0 * math.cos((x + (eps / 2.0)))) * math.sin((eps / 2.0))
function code(x, eps)
	return Float64(Float64(2.0 * cos(Float64(x + Float64(eps / 2.0)))) * sin(Float64(eps / 2.0)))
end
function tmp = code(x, eps)
	tmp = (2.0 * cos((x + (eps / 2.0)))) * sin((eps / 2.0));
end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(2.0 * N[Cos[N[(x + N[(eps / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(eps / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(2 \cdot \cos \left(x + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)
\end{array}

Developer Target 2: 99.6% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin x \cdot \left(\cos \varepsilon - 1\right) + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (* (sin x) (- (cos eps) 1.0)) (* (cos x) (sin eps))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
	return (sin(x) * (cos(eps) - 1.0)) + (cos(x) * sin(eps));
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = (sin(x) * (cos(eps) - 1.0d0)) + (cos(x) * sin(eps))
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	return (Math.sin(x) * (Math.cos(eps) - 1.0)) + (Math.cos(x) * Math.sin(eps));
}
def code(x, eps):
	return (math.sin(x) * (math.cos(eps) - 1.0)) + (math.cos(x) * math.sin(eps))
function code(x, eps)
	return Float64(Float64(sin(x) * Float64(cos(eps) - 1.0)) + Float64(cos(x) * sin(eps)))
end
function tmp = code(x, eps)
	tmp = (sin(x) * (cos(eps) - 1.0)) + (cos(x) * sin(eps));
end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[eps], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[eps], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sin x \cdot \left(\cos \varepsilon - 1\right) + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon
\end{array}

Developer Target 3: 99.9% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\varepsilon - -2 \cdot x\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right) \cdot 2 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* (cos (* 0.5 (- eps (* -2.0 x)))) (sin (* 0.5 eps))) 2.0))
double code(double x, double eps) {
	return (cos((0.5 * (eps - (-2.0 * x)))) * sin((0.5 * eps))) * 2.0;
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = (cos((0.5d0 * (eps - ((-2.0d0) * x)))) * sin((0.5d0 * eps))) * 2.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	return (Math.cos((0.5 * (eps - (-2.0 * x)))) * Math.sin((0.5 * eps))) * 2.0;
}
def code(x, eps):
	return (math.cos((0.5 * (eps - (-2.0 * x)))) * math.sin((0.5 * eps))) * 2.0
function code(x, eps)
	return Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * Float64(eps - Float64(-2.0 * x)))) * sin(Float64(0.5 * eps))) * 2.0)
end
function tmp = code(x, eps)
	tmp = (cos((0.5 * (eps - (-2.0 * x)))) * sin((0.5 * eps))) * 2.0;
end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * N[(eps - N[(-2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\varepsilon - -2 \cdot x\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right) \cdot 2
\end{array}

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024219 
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2sin (example 3.3)"
  :precision binary64
  :pre (and (and (and (<= -10000.0 x) (<= x 10000.0)) (< (* 1e-16 (fabs x)) eps)) (< eps (fabs x)))

  :alt
  (! :herbie-platform default (* 2 (cos (+ x (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))

  :alt
  (! :herbie-platform default (+ (* (sin x) (- (cos eps) 1)) (* (cos x) (sin eps))))

  :alt
  (! :herbie-platform default (* (cos (* 1/2 (- eps (* -2 x)))) (sin (* 1/2 eps)) 2))

  (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))