
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return sin((x + eps)) - sin(x);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = sin((x + eps)) - sin(x)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return Math.sin((x + eps)) - Math.sin(x);
}
def code(x, eps): return math.sin((x + eps)) - math.sin(x)
function code(x, eps) return Float64(sin(Float64(x + eps)) - sin(x)) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = sin((x + eps)) - sin(x); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Sin[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 14 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return sin((x + eps)) - sin(x);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = sin((x + eps)) - sin(x)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return Math.sin((x + eps)) - Math.sin(x);
}
def code(x, eps): return math.sin((x + eps)) - math.sin(x)
function code(x, eps) return Float64(sin(Float64(x + eps)) - sin(x)) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = sin((x + eps)) - sin(x); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Sin[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x
\end{array}
(FPCore (x eps)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (sin (* eps 0.5)))
(t_1 (* t_0 (sin x)))
(t_2 (* (cos (* eps 0.5)) (cos x))))
(*
2.0
(*
t_0
(/
(- (pow t_2 3.0) (pow t_1 3.0))
(fma t_2 t_2 (fma t_1 t_1 (* t_2 t_1))))))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
double t_0 = sin((eps * 0.5));
double t_1 = t_0 * sin(x);
double t_2 = cos((eps * 0.5)) * cos(x);
return 2.0 * (t_0 * ((pow(t_2, 3.0) - pow(t_1, 3.0)) / fma(t_2, t_2, fma(t_1, t_1, (t_2 * t_1)))));
}
function code(x, eps) t_0 = sin(Float64(eps * 0.5)) t_1 = Float64(t_0 * sin(x)) t_2 = Float64(cos(Float64(eps * 0.5)) * cos(x)) return Float64(2.0 * Float64(t_0 * Float64(Float64((t_2 ^ 3.0) - (t_1 ^ 3.0)) / fma(t_2, t_2, fma(t_1, t_1, Float64(t_2 * t_1)))))) end
code[x_, eps_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(eps * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(t$95$0 * N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Cos[N[(eps * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(2.0 * N[(t$95$0 * N[(N[(N[Power[t$95$2, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[t$95$1, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$2 * t$95$2 + N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1 + N[(t$95$2 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right)\\
t_1 := t\_0 \cdot \sin x\\
t_2 := \cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos x\\
2 \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot \frac{{t\_2}^{3} - {t\_1}^{3}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_2, t\_2, \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_1, t\_1, t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right)\right)}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 62.4%
lift--.f64N/A
lift-sin.f64N/A
lift-sin.f64N/A
diff-sinN/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
Applied rewrites99.8%
Taylor expanded in eps around inf
*-commutativeN/A
metadata-evalN/A
cancel-sign-sub-invN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-sin.f64N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-cos.f64N/A
cancel-sign-sub-invN/A
metadata-evalN/A
distribute-lft-inN/A
associate-*r*N/A
metadata-evalN/A
*-lft-identityN/A
lower-fma.f6499.8
Applied rewrites99.8%
Applied rewrites100.0%
Final simplification100.0%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (sin (* eps 0.5)))) (* 2.0 (* t_0 (- (* (cos (* eps 0.5)) (cos x)) (* t_0 (sin x)))))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
double t_0 = sin((eps * 0.5));
return 2.0 * (t_0 * ((cos((eps * 0.5)) * cos(x)) - (t_0 * sin(x))));
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
real(8) :: t_0
t_0 = sin((eps * 0.5d0))
code = 2.0d0 * (t_0 * ((cos((eps * 0.5d0)) * cos(x)) - (t_0 * sin(x))))
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
double t_0 = Math.sin((eps * 0.5));
return 2.0 * (t_0 * ((Math.cos((eps * 0.5)) * Math.cos(x)) - (t_0 * Math.sin(x))));
}
def code(x, eps): t_0 = math.sin((eps * 0.5)) return 2.0 * (t_0 * ((math.cos((eps * 0.5)) * math.cos(x)) - (t_0 * math.sin(x))))
function code(x, eps) t_0 = sin(Float64(eps * 0.5)) return Float64(2.0 * Float64(t_0 * Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(eps * 0.5)) * cos(x)) - Float64(t_0 * sin(x))))) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) t_0 = sin((eps * 0.5)); tmp = 2.0 * (t_0 * ((cos((eps * 0.5)) * cos(x)) - (t_0 * sin(x)))); end
code[x_, eps_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(eps * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(2.0 * N[(t$95$0 * N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(eps * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(t$95$0 * N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right)\\
2 \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot \left(\cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos x - t\_0 \cdot \sin x\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 62.6%
lift--.f64N/A
lift-sin.f64N/A
lift-sin.f64N/A
diff-sinN/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
Applied rewrites99.9%
Taylor expanded in eps around inf
*-commutativeN/A
metadata-evalN/A
cancel-sign-sub-invN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-sin.f64N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-cos.f64N/A
cancel-sign-sub-invN/A
metadata-evalN/A
distribute-lft-inN/A
associate-*r*N/A
metadata-evalN/A
*-lft-identityN/A
lower-fma.f6499.9
Applied rewrites99.9%
Applied rewrites100.0%
Final simplification100.0%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (* (* 2.0 (cos (+ x (/ eps 2.0)))) (sin (/ eps 2.0))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return (2.0 * cos((x + (eps / 2.0)))) * sin((eps / 2.0));
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = (2.0d0 * cos((x + (eps / 2.0d0)))) * sin((eps / 2.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return (2.0 * Math.cos((x + (eps / 2.0)))) * Math.sin((eps / 2.0));
}
def code(x, eps): return (2.0 * math.cos((x + (eps / 2.0)))) * math.sin((eps / 2.0))
function code(x, eps) return Float64(Float64(2.0 * cos(Float64(x + Float64(eps / 2.0)))) * sin(Float64(eps / 2.0))) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = (2.0 * cos((x + (eps / 2.0)))) * sin((eps / 2.0)); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(2.0 * N[Cos[N[(x + N[(eps / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(eps / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(2 \cdot \cos \left(x + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (+ (* (sin x) (- (cos eps) 1.0)) (* (cos x) (sin eps))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return (sin(x) * (cos(eps) - 1.0)) + (cos(x) * sin(eps));
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = (sin(x) * (cos(eps) - 1.0d0)) + (cos(x) * sin(eps))
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return (Math.sin(x) * (Math.cos(eps) - 1.0)) + (Math.cos(x) * Math.sin(eps));
}
def code(x, eps): return (math.sin(x) * (math.cos(eps) - 1.0)) + (math.cos(x) * math.sin(eps))
function code(x, eps) return Float64(Float64(sin(x) * Float64(cos(eps) - 1.0)) + Float64(cos(x) * sin(eps))) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = (sin(x) * (cos(eps) - 1.0)) + (cos(x) * sin(eps)); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[eps], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[eps], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sin x \cdot \left(\cos \varepsilon - 1\right) + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon
\end{array}
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (* (* (cos (* 0.5 (- eps (* -2.0 x)))) (sin (* 0.5 eps))) 2.0))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return (cos((0.5 * (eps - (-2.0 * x)))) * sin((0.5 * eps))) * 2.0;
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = (cos((0.5d0 * (eps - ((-2.0d0) * x)))) * sin((0.5d0 * eps))) * 2.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return (Math.cos((0.5 * (eps - (-2.0 * x)))) * Math.sin((0.5 * eps))) * 2.0;
}
def code(x, eps): return (math.cos((0.5 * (eps - (-2.0 * x)))) * math.sin((0.5 * eps))) * 2.0
function code(x, eps) return Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * Float64(eps - Float64(-2.0 * x)))) * sin(Float64(0.5 * eps))) * 2.0) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = (cos((0.5 * (eps - (-2.0 * x)))) * sin((0.5 * eps))) * 2.0; end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * N[(eps - N[(-2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\varepsilon - -2 \cdot x\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right) \cdot 2
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024219
(FPCore (x eps)
:name "2sin (example 3.3)"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (<= -10000.0 x) (<= x 10000.0)) (< (* 1e-16 (fabs x)) eps)) (< eps (fabs x)))
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (* 2 (cos (+ x (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (+ (* (sin x) (- (cos eps) 1)) (* (cos x) (sin eps))))
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (* (cos (* 1/2 (- eps (* -2 x)))) (sin (* 1/2 eps)) 2))
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))