Trowbridge-Reitz Sample, sample surface normal, cosTheta

Percentage Accurate: 99.4% → 99.4%
Time: 14.7s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 1.5×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left(\left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u0 \land u0 \leq 1\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u1 \land u1 \leq 0.5\right)\right) \land \left(0.0001 \leq alphax \land alphax \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(0.0001 \leq alphay \land alphay \leq 1\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{t\_2 \cdot t\_2}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{t\_1 \cdot t\_1}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0
         (atan (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* (* 2.0 PI) u1) (* 0.5 PI))))))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0)))
   (/
    1.0
    (sqrt
     (+
      1.0
      (/
       (*
        (/
         1.0
         (+
          (/ (* t_2 t_2) (* alphax alphax))
          (/ (* t_1 t_1) (* alphay alphay))))
        u0)
       (- 1.0 u0)))))))
float code(float u0, float u1, float alphax, float alphay) {
	float t_0 = atanf(((alphay / alphax) * tanf((((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * u1) + (0.5f * ((float) M_PI))))));
	float t_1 = sinf(t_0);
	float t_2 = cosf(t_0);
	return 1.0f / sqrtf((1.0f + (((1.0f / (((t_2 * t_2) / (alphax * alphax)) + ((t_1 * t_1) / (alphay * alphay)))) * u0) / (1.0f - u0))));
}
function code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
	t_0 = atan(Float32(Float32(alphay / alphax) * tan(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * u1) + Float32(Float32(0.5) * Float32(pi))))))
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	return Float32(Float32(1.0) / sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(t_2 * t_2) / Float32(alphax * alphax)) + Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) / Float32(alphay * alphay)))) * u0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0)))))
end
function tmp = code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
	t_0 = atan(((alphay / alphax) * tan((((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * u1) + (single(0.5) * single(pi))))));
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	tmp = single(1.0) / sqrt((single(1.0) + (((single(1.0) / (((t_2 * t_2) / (alphax * alphax)) + ((t_1 * t_1) / (alphay * alphay)))) * u0) / (single(1.0) - u0))));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{t\_2 \cdot t\_2}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{t\_1 \cdot t\_1}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{t\_2 \cdot t\_2}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{t\_1 \cdot t\_1}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0
         (atan (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* (* 2.0 PI) u1) (* 0.5 PI))))))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0)))
   (/
    1.0
    (sqrt
     (+
      1.0
      (/
       (*
        (/
         1.0
         (+
          (/ (* t_2 t_2) (* alphax alphax))
          (/ (* t_1 t_1) (* alphay alphay))))
        u0)
       (- 1.0 u0)))))))
float code(float u0, float u1, float alphax, float alphay) {
	float t_0 = atanf(((alphay / alphax) * tanf((((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * u1) + (0.5f * ((float) M_PI))))));
	float t_1 = sinf(t_0);
	float t_2 = cosf(t_0);
	return 1.0f / sqrtf((1.0f + (((1.0f / (((t_2 * t_2) / (alphax * alphax)) + ((t_1 * t_1) / (alphay * alphay)))) * u0) / (1.0f - u0))));
}
function code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
	t_0 = atan(Float32(Float32(alphay / alphax) * tan(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * u1) + Float32(Float32(0.5) * Float32(pi))))))
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	return Float32(Float32(1.0) / sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(t_2 * t_2) / Float32(alphax * alphax)) + Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) / Float32(alphay * alphay)))) * u0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0)))))
end
function tmp = code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
	t_0 = atan(((alphay / alphax) * tan((((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * u1) + (single(0.5) * single(pi))))));
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	tmp = single(1.0) / sqrt((single(1.0) + (((single(1.0) / (((t_2 * t_2) / (alphax * alphax)) + ((t_1 * t_1) / (alphay * alphay)))) * u0) / (single(1.0) - u0))));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{t\_2 \cdot t\_2}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{t\_1 \cdot t\_1}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.4% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{1}{1 + {\left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot t\_0\right)}^{2}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot t\_0}{alphax}\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(u1 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right) + \pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (tan (* PI (fma 2.0 u1 0.5)))))
   (/
    1.0
    (sqrt
     (+
      1.0
      (/
       (*
        (/
         1.0
         (+
          (/
           (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (pow (* (/ alphay alphax) t_0) 2.0)))
           (* alphax alphax))
          (/
           (*
            (sin (atan (/ (* alphay t_0) alphax)))
            (sin
             (atan
              (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* u1 (* PI 2.0)) (* PI 0.5)))))))
           (* alphay alphay))))
        u0)
       (- 1.0 u0)))))))
float code(float u0, float u1, float alphax, float alphay) {
	float t_0 = tanf((((float) M_PI) * fmaf(2.0f, u1, 0.5f)));
	return 1.0f / sqrtf((1.0f + (((1.0f / (((1.0f / (1.0f + powf(((alphay / alphax) * t_0), 2.0f))) / (alphax * alphax)) + ((sinf(atanf(((alphay * t_0) / alphax))) * sinf(atanf(((alphay / alphax) * tanf(((u1 * (((float) M_PI) * 2.0f)) + (((float) M_PI) * 0.5f))))))) / (alphay * alphay)))) * u0) / (1.0f - u0))));
}
function code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
	t_0 = tan(Float32(Float32(pi) * fma(Float32(2.0), u1, Float32(0.5))))
	return Float32(Float32(1.0) / sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + (Float32(Float32(alphay / alphax) * t_0) ^ Float32(2.0)))) / Float32(alphax * alphax)) + Float32(Float32(sin(atan(Float32(Float32(alphay * t_0) / alphax))) * sin(atan(Float32(Float32(alphay / alphax) * tan(Float32(Float32(u1 * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0))) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(0.5)))))))) / Float32(alphay * alphay)))) * u0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0)))))
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)\\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{1}{1 + {\left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot t\_0\right)}^{2}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot t\_0}{alphax}\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(u1 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right) + \pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.2%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied egg-rr99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + {\left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in alphay around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{1}{1 + {\left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)} \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-atan.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{1}{1 + {\left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)} \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
      2. lower-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{1}{1 + {\left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)} \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
    4. Simplified99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{1}{1 + {\left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)} \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
    5. Final simplification99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{1}{1 + {\left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{alphax}\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(u1 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right) + \pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
    6. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 99.4% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan t\_0}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{1}{\left(alphax \cdot alphax\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(alphay \cdot alphay, \frac{{\sin t\_0}^{2}}{\left(alphax \cdot alphax\right) \cdot {\cos t\_0}^{2}}, 1\right)}\right)}}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
     :precision binary32
     (let* ((t_0 (* PI (fma 2.0 u1 0.5))))
       (/
        1.0
        (sqrt
         (+
          1.0
          (/
           u0
           (*
            (- 1.0 u0)
            (+
             (/
              (pow (sin (atan (/ (* alphay (tan t_0)) alphax))) 2.0)
              (* alphay alphay))
             (/
              1.0
              (*
               (* alphax alphax)
               (fma
                (* alphay alphay)
                (/ (pow (sin t_0) 2.0) (* (* alphax alphax) (pow (cos t_0) 2.0)))
                1.0)))))))))))
    float code(float u0, float u1, float alphax, float alphay) {
    	float t_0 = ((float) M_PI) * fmaf(2.0f, u1, 0.5f);
    	return 1.0f / sqrtf((1.0f + (u0 / ((1.0f - u0) * ((powf(sinf(atanf(((alphay * tanf(t_0)) / alphax))), 2.0f) / (alphay * alphay)) + (1.0f / ((alphax * alphax) * fmaf((alphay * alphay), (powf(sinf(t_0), 2.0f) / ((alphax * alphax) * powf(cosf(t_0), 2.0f))), 1.0f))))))));
    }
    
    function code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
    	t_0 = Float32(Float32(pi) * fma(Float32(2.0), u1, Float32(0.5)))
    	return Float32(Float32(1.0) / sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(u0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0) * Float32(Float32((sin(atan(Float32(Float32(alphay * tan(t_0)) / alphax))) ^ Float32(2.0)) / Float32(alphay * alphay)) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(alphax * alphax) * fma(Float32(alphay * alphay), Float32((sin(t_0) ^ Float32(2.0)) / Float32(Float32(alphax * alphax) * (cos(t_0) ^ Float32(2.0)))), Float32(1.0))))))))))
    end
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\\
    \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan t\_0}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{1}{\left(alphax \cdot alphax\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(alphay \cdot alphay, \frac{{\sin t\_0}^{2}}{\left(alphax \cdot alphax\right) \cdot {\cos t\_0}^{2}}, 1\right)}\right)}}}
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.2%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied egg-rr99.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + {\left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in u1 around inf

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(\frac{1}{{alphax}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}^{2}}{{alphax}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{{alphay}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}}}} \]
      3. Simplified99.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{1}{\left(alphax \cdot alphax\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(alphay \cdot alphay, \frac{{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}^{2}}{\left(alphax \cdot alphax\right) \cdot {\cos \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}^{2}}, 1\right)}\right)}}}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 3: 98.6% accurate, 1.6× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\\ t_1 := \frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan t\_0\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\pi + \pi\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin t\_0}^{2}} + \frac{{\left(\frac{t\_1}{\sqrt{1 + {t\_1}^{2}}}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
       :precision binary32
       (let* ((t_0 (* PI (fma 2.0 u1 0.5))) (t_1 (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan t_0))))
         (/
          1.0
          (sqrt
           (+
            1.0
            (/
             u0
             (*
              (- 1.0 u0)
              (+
               (/
                (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* (fma 2.0 u1 0.5) (+ PI PI)))))
                (* (* alphay alphay) (pow (sin t_0) 2.0)))
               (/
                (pow (/ t_1 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow t_1 2.0)))) 2.0)
                (* alphay alphay))))))))))
      float code(float u0, float u1, float alphax, float alphay) {
      	float t_0 = ((float) M_PI) * fmaf(2.0f, u1, 0.5f);
      	float t_1 = (alphay / alphax) * tanf(t_0);
      	return 1.0f / sqrtf((1.0f + (u0 / ((1.0f - u0) * (((0.5f + (0.5f * cosf((fmaf(2.0f, u1, 0.5f) * (((float) M_PI) + ((float) M_PI)))))) / ((alphay * alphay) * powf(sinf(t_0), 2.0f))) + (powf((t_1 / sqrtf((1.0f + powf(t_1, 2.0f)))), 2.0f) / (alphay * alphay)))))));
      }
      
      function code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
      	t_0 = Float32(Float32(pi) * fma(Float32(2.0), u1, Float32(0.5)))
      	t_1 = Float32(Float32(alphay / alphax) * tan(t_0))
      	return Float32(Float32(1.0) / sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(u0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.5) + Float32(Float32(0.5) * cos(Float32(fma(Float32(2.0), u1, Float32(0.5)) * Float32(Float32(pi) + Float32(pi)))))) / Float32(Float32(alphay * alphay) * (sin(t_0) ^ Float32(2.0)))) + Float32((Float32(t_1 / sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) + (t_1 ^ Float32(2.0))))) ^ Float32(2.0)) / Float32(alphay * alphay))))))))
      end
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := \pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\\
      t_1 := \frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan t\_0\\
      \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\pi + \pi\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin t\_0}^{2}} + \frac{{\left(\frac{t\_1}{\sqrt{1 + {t\_1}^{2}}}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}}
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.2%

        \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied egg-rr99.3%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + {\left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in alphax around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}^{2}}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{{alphay}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}}}} \]
        3. Simplified98.6%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}^{2}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-PI.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\cos \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot \left(2 \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          2. lift-fma.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          3. lift-*.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\cos \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          4. lift-cos.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          5. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          6. lift-cos.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          7. lift-cos.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          8. sqr-cos-aN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          9. lower-+.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          10. lower-*.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          11. cos-2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          12. cos-sumN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          13. lower-cos.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          14. lift-*.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)} + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          15. lift-*.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) + \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          16. distribute-rgt-outN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          17. lower-*.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
        5. Applied egg-rr98.6%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\pi + \pi\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-PI.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot \left(2 \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          2. lift-fma.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          3. lift-*.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          4. lift-tan.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \color{blue}{\tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          5. lift-*.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\color{blue}{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          6. lift-/.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          7. sin-atanN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax} \cdot \frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}}}\right)}}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          8. lower-/.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax} \cdot \frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}}}\right)}}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
        7. Applied egg-rr98.6%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\pi + \pi\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}}\right)}}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
        8. Final simplification98.6%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\pi + \pi\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
        9. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 4: 98.6% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan t\_0}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\pi + \pi\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin t\_0}^{2}}\right)}}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
         :precision binary32
         (let* ((t_0 (* PI (fma 2.0 u1 0.5))))
           (/
            1.0
            (sqrt
             (+
              1.0
              (/
               u0
               (*
                (- 1.0 u0)
                (+
                 (/
                  (pow (sin (atan (/ (* alphay (tan t_0)) alphax))) 2.0)
                  (* alphay alphay))
                 (/
                  (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* (fma 2.0 u1 0.5) (+ PI PI)))))
                  (* (* alphay alphay) (pow (sin t_0) 2.0)))))))))))
        float code(float u0, float u1, float alphax, float alphay) {
        	float t_0 = ((float) M_PI) * fmaf(2.0f, u1, 0.5f);
        	return 1.0f / sqrtf((1.0f + (u0 / ((1.0f - u0) * ((powf(sinf(atanf(((alphay * tanf(t_0)) / alphax))), 2.0f) / (alphay * alphay)) + ((0.5f + (0.5f * cosf((fmaf(2.0f, u1, 0.5f) * (((float) M_PI) + ((float) M_PI)))))) / ((alphay * alphay) * powf(sinf(t_0), 2.0f))))))));
        }
        
        function code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
        	t_0 = Float32(Float32(pi) * fma(Float32(2.0), u1, Float32(0.5)))
        	return Float32(Float32(1.0) / sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(u0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0) * Float32(Float32((sin(atan(Float32(Float32(alphay * tan(t_0)) / alphax))) ^ Float32(2.0)) / Float32(alphay * alphay)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.5) + Float32(Float32(0.5) * cos(Float32(fma(Float32(2.0), u1, Float32(0.5)) * Float32(Float32(pi) + Float32(pi)))))) / Float32(Float32(alphay * alphay) * (sin(t_0) ^ Float32(2.0))))))))))
        end
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        t_0 := \pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\\
        \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan t\_0}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\pi + \pi\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin t\_0}^{2}}\right)}}}
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 99.2%

          \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied egg-rr99.3%

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + {\left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in alphax around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}^{2}}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{{alphay}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}}}} \]
          3. Simplified98.6%

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}^{2}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift-PI.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\cos \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot \left(2 \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            2. lift-fma.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            3. lift-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\cos \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            4. lift-cos.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            5. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            6. lift-cos.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            7. lift-cos.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            8. sqr-cos-aN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            9. lower-+.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            10. lower-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            11. cos-2N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            12. cos-sumN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            13. lower-cos.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            14. lift-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)} + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            15. lift-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) + \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            16. distribute-rgt-outN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            17. lower-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          5. Applied egg-rr98.6%

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\pi + \pi\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
          6. Final simplification98.6%

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\pi + \pi\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}}} \]
          7. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 5: 98.3% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan t\_0}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(u1, u1 \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 8\right), -1\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin t\_0}^{2}}\right)}}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
           :precision binary32
           (let* ((t_0 (* PI (fma 2.0 u1 0.5))))
             (/
              1.0
              (sqrt
               (+
                1.0
                (/
                 u0
                 (*
                  (- 1.0 u0)
                  (+
                   (/
                    (pow (sin (atan (/ (* alphay (tan t_0)) alphax))) 2.0)
                    (* alphay alphay))
                   (/
                    (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (fma u1 (* u1 (* (* PI PI) 8.0)) -1.0)))
                    (* (* alphay alphay) (pow (sin t_0) 2.0)))))))))))
          float code(float u0, float u1, float alphax, float alphay) {
          	float t_0 = ((float) M_PI) * fmaf(2.0f, u1, 0.5f);
          	return 1.0f / sqrtf((1.0f + (u0 / ((1.0f - u0) * ((powf(sinf(atanf(((alphay * tanf(t_0)) / alphax))), 2.0f) / (alphay * alphay)) + ((0.5f + (0.5f * fmaf(u1, (u1 * ((((float) M_PI) * ((float) M_PI)) * 8.0f)), -1.0f))) / ((alphay * alphay) * powf(sinf(t_0), 2.0f))))))));
          }
          
          function code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
          	t_0 = Float32(Float32(pi) * fma(Float32(2.0), u1, Float32(0.5)))
          	return Float32(Float32(1.0) / sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(u0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0) * Float32(Float32((sin(atan(Float32(Float32(alphay * tan(t_0)) / alphax))) ^ Float32(2.0)) / Float32(alphay * alphay)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.5) + Float32(Float32(0.5) * fma(u1, Float32(u1 * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(pi)) * Float32(8.0))), Float32(-1.0)))) / Float32(Float32(alphay * alphay) * (sin(t_0) ^ Float32(2.0))))))))))
          end
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          t_0 := \pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\\
          \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan t\_0}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(u1, u1 \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 8\right), -1\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin t\_0}^{2}}\right)}}}
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 99.2%

            \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied egg-rr99.3%

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + {\left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
            2. Taylor expanded in alphax around 0

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}^{2}}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{{alphay}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}}}} \]
            3. Simplified98.6%

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}^{2}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-PI.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\cos \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot \left(2 \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              2. lift-fma.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              3. lift-*.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\cos \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              4. lift-cos.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              5. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              6. lift-cos.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              7. lift-cos.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              8. sqr-cos-aN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              9. lower-+.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              10. lower-*.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              11. cos-2N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              12. cos-sumN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              13. lower-cos.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              14. lift-*.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)} + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              15. lift-*.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) + \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              16. distribute-rgt-outN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              17. lower-*.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            5. Applied egg-rr98.6%

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\pi + \pi\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + u1 \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \left({\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} \cdot \cos \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) - 4 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sin \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. cos-PIN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{-1} + u1 \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \left({\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} \cdot \cos \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) - 4 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sin \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              2. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u1 \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \left({\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} \cdot \cos \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) - 4 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sin \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + -1\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              3. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \left({\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} \cdot \cos \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sin \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) + -1\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              4. sin-PIN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \left({\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} \cdot \cos \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) - \left(4 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0}\right) + -1\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              5. mul0-rgtN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \left({\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} \cdot \cos \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{0}\right) + -1\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              6. --rgt-identityN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-8 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \left({\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} \cdot \cos \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + -1\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
              7. lower-fma.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, -8 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \left({\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} \cdot \cos \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), -1\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            8. Simplified97.9%

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, u1 \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 8\right), -1\right)}}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}}} \]
            9. Final simplification97.9%

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(u1, u1 \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 8\right), -1\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}}} \]
            10. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 6: 97.8% accurate, 3.0× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(alphay \cdot alphay, \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot {\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}, 1\right)}} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
             :precision binary32
             (/
              1.0
              (sqrt
               (fma
                (* alphay alphay)
                (/
                 u0
                 (*
                  (- 1.0 u0)
                  (pow
                   (sin (atan (/ (* alphay (tan (* PI (fma 2.0 u1 0.5)))) alphax)))
                   2.0)))
                1.0))))
            float code(float u0, float u1, float alphax, float alphay) {
            	return 1.0f / sqrtf(fmaf((alphay * alphay), (u0 / ((1.0f - u0) * powf(sinf(atanf(((alphay * tanf((((float) M_PI) * fmaf(2.0f, u1, 0.5f)))) / alphax))), 2.0f))), 1.0f));
            }
            
            function code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
            	return Float32(Float32(1.0) / sqrt(fma(Float32(alphay * alphay), Float32(u0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0) * (sin(atan(Float32(Float32(alphay * tan(Float32(Float32(pi) * fma(Float32(2.0), u1, Float32(0.5))))) / alphax))) ^ Float32(2.0)))), Float32(1.0))))
            end
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(alphay \cdot alphay, \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot {\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}, 1\right)}}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 99.2%

              \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied egg-rr99.3%

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + {\left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
              2. Taylor expanded in alphax around inf

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}}}} \]
              3. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-sqrt.f32N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}}}} \]
                2. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)} + 1}}} \]
                3. associate-/l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}} + 1}} \]
                4. lower-fma.f32N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({alphay}^{2}, \frac{u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}, 1\right)}}} \]
              4. Simplified97.2%

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(alphay \cdot alphay, \frac{u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}, 1\right)}}} \]
              5. Final simplification97.2%

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(alphay \cdot alphay, \frac{u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot {\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}}, 1\right)}} \]
              6. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 7: 97.8% accurate, 3.7× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(alphay, \frac{alphay \cdot u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)\right)}, 1\right)}} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
               :precision binary32
               (/
                1.0
                (sqrt
                 (fma
                  alphay
                  (/
                   (* alphay u0)
                   (*
                    (- 1.0 u0)
                    (-
                     0.5
                     (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (atan (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (* PI 0.5))))))))))
                  1.0))))
              float code(float u0, float u1, float alphax, float alphay) {
              	return 1.0f / sqrtf(fmaf(alphay, ((alphay * u0) / ((1.0f - u0) * (0.5f - (0.5f * cosf((2.0f * atanf(((alphay / alphax) * tanf((((float) M_PI) * 0.5f)))))))))), 1.0f));
              }
              
              function code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
              	return Float32(Float32(1.0) / sqrt(fma(alphay, Float32(Float32(alphay * u0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0) * Float32(Float32(0.5) - Float32(Float32(0.5) * cos(Float32(Float32(2.0) * atan(Float32(Float32(alphay / alphax) * tan(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(0.5))))))))))), Float32(1.0))))
              end
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(alphay, \frac{alphay \cdot u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)\right)}, 1\right)}}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Initial program 99.2%

                \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied egg-rr99.3%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + {\left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
                2. Taylor expanded in alphax around inf

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}}}} \]
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-sqrt.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}}}} \]
                  2. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)} + 1}}} \]
                  3. associate-/l*N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}} + 1}} \]
                  4. lower-fma.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({alphay}^{2}, \frac{u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}, 1\right)}}} \]
                4. Simplified97.2%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(alphay \cdot alphay, \frac{u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}, 1\right)}}} \]
                5. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(alphay \cdot alphay, \frac{u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}}{alphax}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}, 1\right)}} \]
                6. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-*.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(alphay \cdot alphay, \frac{u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}}{alphax}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}, 1\right)}} \]
                  2. lower-PI.f3297.2

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(alphay \cdot alphay, \frac{u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \left(0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\pi}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}, 1\right)}} \]
                7. Simplified97.2%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(alphay \cdot alphay, \frac{u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \tan \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right)}}{alphax}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}, 1\right)}} \]
                8. Applied egg-rr97.2%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(alphay, \frac{alphay \cdot u0}{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}, 1\right)}}} \]
                9. Final simplification97.2%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(alphay, \frac{alphay \cdot u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)\right)}, 1\right)}} \]
                10. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 8: 91.6% accurate, 1436.0× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay) :precision binary32 1.0)
                float code(float u0, float u1, float alphax, float alphay) {
                	return 1.0f;
                }
                
                real(4) function code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
                    real(4), intent (in) :: u0
                    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
                    real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
                    real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
                    code = 1.0e0
                end function
                
                function code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
                	return Float32(1.0)
                end
                
                function tmp = code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
                	tmp = single(1.0);
                end
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                1
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Initial program 99.2%

                  \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied egg-rr99.3%

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + {\left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
                  2. Taylor expanded in alphay around 0

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1}} \]
                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Simplified90.7%

                      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1}} \]
                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. metadata-eval90.7

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                    3. Applied egg-rr90.7%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                    4. Add Preprocessing

                    Reproduce

                    ?
                    herbie shell --seed 2024219 
                    (FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
                      :name "Trowbridge-Reitz Sample, sample surface normal, cosTheta"
                      :precision binary32
                      :pre (and (and (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u0) (<= u0 1.0)) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u1) (<= u1 0.5))) (and (<= 0.0001 alphax) (<= alphax 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0001 alphay) (<= alphay 1.0)))
                      (/ 1.0 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (/ (* (/ 1.0 (+ (/ (* (cos (atan (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* (* 2.0 PI) u1) (* 0.5 PI)))))) (cos (atan (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* (* 2.0 PI) u1) (* 0.5 PI))))))) (* alphax alphax)) (/ (* (sin (atan (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* (* 2.0 PI) u1) (* 0.5 PI)))))) (sin (atan (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* (* 2.0 PI) u1) (* 0.5 PI))))))) (* alphay alphay)))) u0) (- 1.0 u0))))))