Codec.Picture.Jpg.FastDct:referenceDct from JuicyPixels-3.2.6.1

Percentage Accurate: 27.3% → 31.5%
Time: 15.5s
Alternatives: 2
Speedup: 24.5×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot t}{16}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (* x (cos (/ (* (* (+ (* y 2.0) 1.0) z) t) 16.0)))
  (cos (/ (* (* (+ (* a 2.0) 1.0) b) t) 16.0))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return (x * cos((((((y * 2.0) + 1.0) * z) * t) / 16.0))) * cos((((((a * 2.0) + 1.0) * b) * t) / 16.0));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    code = (x * cos((((((y * 2.0d0) + 1.0d0) * z) * t) / 16.0d0))) * cos((((((a * 2.0d0) + 1.0d0) * b) * t) / 16.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return (x * Math.cos((((((y * 2.0) + 1.0) * z) * t) / 16.0))) * Math.cos((((((a * 2.0) + 1.0) * b) * t) / 16.0));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
	return (x * math.cos((((((y * 2.0) + 1.0) * z) * t) / 16.0))) * math.cos((((((a * 2.0) + 1.0) * b) * t) / 16.0))
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(x * cos(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(y * 2.0) + 1.0) * z) * t) / 16.0))) * cos(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * 2.0) + 1.0) * b) * t) / 16.0)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	tmp = (x * cos((((((y * 2.0) + 1.0) * z) * t) / 16.0))) * cos((((((a * 2.0) + 1.0) * b) * t) / 16.0));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(x * N[Cos[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(y * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision] / 16.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision] / 16.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot t}{16}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 2 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 27.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot t}{16}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (* x (cos (/ (* (* (+ (* y 2.0) 1.0) z) t) 16.0)))
  (cos (/ (* (* (+ (* a 2.0) 1.0) b) t) 16.0))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return (x * cos((((((y * 2.0) + 1.0) * z) * t) / 16.0))) * cos((((((a * 2.0) + 1.0) * b) * t) / 16.0));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    code = (x * cos((((((y * 2.0d0) + 1.0d0) * z) * t) / 16.0d0))) * cos((((((a * 2.0d0) + 1.0d0) * b) * t) / 16.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return (x * Math.cos((((((y * 2.0) + 1.0) * z) * t) / 16.0))) * Math.cos((((((a * 2.0) + 1.0) * b) * t) / 16.0));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
	return (x * math.cos((((((y * 2.0) + 1.0) * z) * t) / 16.0))) * math.cos((((((a * 2.0) + 1.0) * b) * t) / 16.0))
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(x * cos(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(y * 2.0) + 1.0) * z) * t) / 16.0))) * cos(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * 2.0) + 1.0) * b) * t) / 16.0)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	tmp = (x * cos((((((y * 2.0) + 1.0) * z) * t) / 16.0))) * cos((((((a * 2.0) + 1.0) * b) * t) / 16.0));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(x * N[Cos[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(y * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision] / 16.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision] / 16.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot t}{16}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 31.5% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \left(y \cdot \left(2 \cdot z\right)\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot 0.0625\right)\\ t_2 := \cos \left(\frac{t \cdot \left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot a\right) \cdot b\right)}{16}\right)\\ t_3 := z \cdot \left(t \cdot 0.0625\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot t}{16}\right)\right) \cdot t\_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+304}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2 \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\cos t\_1 \cdot \cos t\_3 - \sin t\_1 \cdot \sin t\_3\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(x \cdot 1\right) \cdot 1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (* (* y (* 2.0 z)) (* t 0.0625)))
        (t_2 (cos (/ (* t (* (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 a)) b)) 16.0)))
        (t_3 (* z (* t 0.0625))))
   (if (<= (* (* x (cos (/ (* (* (+ (* y 2.0) 1.0) z) t) 16.0))) t_2) 2e+304)
     (* t_2 (* x (- (* (cos t_1) (cos t_3)) (* (sin t_1) (sin t_3)))))
     (* (* x 1.0) 1.0))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	double t_1 = (y * (2.0 * z)) * (t * 0.0625);
	double t_2 = cos(((t * ((1.0 + (2.0 * a)) * b)) / 16.0));
	double t_3 = z * (t * 0.0625);
	double tmp;
	if (((x * cos((((((y * 2.0) + 1.0) * z) * t) / 16.0))) * t_2) <= 2e+304) {
		tmp = t_2 * (x * ((cos(t_1) * cos(t_3)) - (sin(t_1) * sin(t_3))));
	} else {
		tmp = (x * 1.0) * 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: t_2
    real(8) :: t_3
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_1 = (y * (2.0d0 * z)) * (t * 0.0625d0)
    t_2 = cos(((t * ((1.0d0 + (2.0d0 * a)) * b)) / 16.0d0))
    t_3 = z * (t * 0.0625d0)
    if (((x * cos((((((y * 2.0d0) + 1.0d0) * z) * t) / 16.0d0))) * t_2) <= 2d+304) then
        tmp = t_2 * (x * ((cos(t_1) * cos(t_3)) - (sin(t_1) * sin(t_3))))
    else
        tmp = (x * 1.0d0) * 1.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	double t_1 = (y * (2.0 * z)) * (t * 0.0625);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(((t * ((1.0 + (2.0 * a)) * b)) / 16.0));
	double t_3 = z * (t * 0.0625);
	double tmp;
	if (((x * Math.cos((((((y * 2.0) + 1.0) * z) * t) / 16.0))) * t_2) <= 2e+304) {
		tmp = t_2 * (x * ((Math.cos(t_1) * Math.cos(t_3)) - (Math.sin(t_1) * Math.sin(t_3))));
	} else {
		tmp = (x * 1.0) * 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
	t_1 = (y * (2.0 * z)) * (t * 0.0625)
	t_2 = math.cos(((t * ((1.0 + (2.0 * a)) * b)) / 16.0))
	t_3 = z * (t * 0.0625)
	tmp = 0
	if ((x * math.cos((((((y * 2.0) + 1.0) * z) * t) / 16.0))) * t_2) <= 2e+304:
		tmp = t_2 * (x * ((math.cos(t_1) * math.cos(t_3)) - (math.sin(t_1) * math.sin(t_3))))
	else:
		tmp = (x * 1.0) * 1.0
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(y * Float64(2.0 * z)) * Float64(t * 0.0625))
	t_2 = cos(Float64(Float64(t * Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(2.0 * a)) * b)) / 16.0))
	t_3 = Float64(z * Float64(t * 0.0625))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(x * cos(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(y * 2.0) + 1.0) * z) * t) / 16.0))) * t_2) <= 2e+304)
		tmp = Float64(t_2 * Float64(x * Float64(Float64(cos(t_1) * cos(t_3)) - Float64(sin(t_1) * sin(t_3)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(x * 1.0) * 1.0);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	t_1 = (y * (2.0 * z)) * (t * 0.0625);
	t_2 = cos(((t * ((1.0 + (2.0 * a)) * b)) / 16.0));
	t_3 = z * (t * 0.0625);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (((x * cos((((((y * 2.0) + 1.0) * z) * t) / 16.0))) * t_2) <= 2e+304)
		tmp = t_2 * (x * ((cos(t_1) * cos(t_3)) - (sin(t_1) * sin(t_3))));
	else
		tmp = (x * 1.0) * 1.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(y * N[(2.0 * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t * 0.0625), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[N[(N[(t * N[(N[(1.0 + N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 16.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(z * N[(t * 0.0625), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(x * N[Cos[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(y * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision] / 16.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2e+304], N[(t$95$2 * N[(x * N[(N[(N[Cos[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[t$95$3], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[t$95$3], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(x * 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \left(y \cdot \left(2 \cdot z\right)\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot 0.0625\right)\\
t_2 := \cos \left(\frac{t \cdot \left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot a\right) \cdot b\right)}{16}\right)\\
t_3 := z \cdot \left(t \cdot 0.0625\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;\left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot t}{16}\right)\right) \cdot t\_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+304}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_2 \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\cos t\_1 \cdot \cos t\_3 - \sin t\_1 \cdot \sin t\_3\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(x \cdot 1\right) \cdot 1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 x (cos.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64)) #s(literal 1 binary64)) z) t) #s(literal 16 binary64)))) (cos.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 a #s(literal 2 binary64)) #s(literal 1 binary64)) b) t) #s(literal 16 binary64)))) < 1.9999999999999999e304

    1. Initial program 57.1%

      \[\left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot t}{16}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot t}{16}\right)}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot t}{16}\right)}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
      3. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot t}}{16}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
      4. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot \frac{t}{16}\right)}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{t}{16} \cdot \left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
      6. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{t}{16} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
      7. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{t}{16} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right)\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
      8. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{t}{16} \cdot \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right)}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
      9. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{t}{16} \cdot \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + y \cdot 2\right)}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
      10. distribute-lft-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{t}{16} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot 1 + z \cdot \left(y \cdot 2\right)\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
      11. *-rgt-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{t}{16} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{z} + z \cdot \left(y \cdot 2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
      12. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{t}{16} \cdot \left(z + \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
      13. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{t}{16} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z + z\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
      14. distribute-rgt-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot \frac{t}{16} + z \cdot \frac{t}{16}\right)}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
      15. cos-sumN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot \frac{t}{16}\right) \cdot \cos \left(z \cdot \frac{t}{16}\right) - \sin \left(\left(\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot \frac{t}{16}\right) \cdot \sin \left(z \cdot \frac{t}{16}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
      16. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot \frac{t}{16}\right) \cdot \cos \left(z \cdot \frac{t}{16}\right) - \sin \left(\left(\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot \frac{t}{16}\right) \cdot \sin \left(z \cdot \frac{t}{16}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
    4. Applied rewrites57.7%

      \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(y \cdot \left(2 \cdot z\right)\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot 0.0625\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(z \cdot \left(t \cdot 0.0625\right)\right) - \sin \left(\left(y \cdot \left(2 \cdot z\right)\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot 0.0625\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(z \cdot \left(t \cdot 0.0625\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]

    if 1.9999999999999999e304 < (*.f64 (*.f64 x (cos.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64)) #s(literal 1 binary64)) z) t) #s(literal 16 binary64)))) (cos.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 a #s(literal 2 binary64)) #s(literal 1 binary64)) b) t) #s(literal 16 binary64))))

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot t}{16}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot t}{16}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites3.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot t}{16}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in z around 0

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot 1 \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites10.0%

          \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot 1 \]
      4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      5. Final simplification38.1%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot t}{16}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{t \cdot \left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot a\right) \cdot b\right)}{16}\right) \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+304}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \left(\frac{t \cdot \left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot a\right) \cdot b\right)}{16}\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\cos \left(\left(y \cdot \left(2 \cdot z\right)\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot 0.0625\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(z \cdot \left(t \cdot 0.0625\right)\right) - \sin \left(\left(y \cdot \left(2 \cdot z\right)\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot 0.0625\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(z \cdot \left(t \cdot 0.0625\right)\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(x \cdot 1\right) \cdot 1\\ \end{array} \]
      6. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 2: 30.4% accurate, 24.5× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(x \cdot 1\right) \cdot 1 \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (* (* x 1.0) 1.0))
      double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
      	return (x * 1.0) * 1.0;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
          real(8), intent (in) :: x
          real(8), intent (in) :: y
          real(8), intent (in) :: z
          real(8), intent (in) :: t
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: b
          code = (x * 1.0d0) * 1.0d0
      end function
      
      public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
      	return (x * 1.0) * 1.0;
      }
      
      def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
      	return (x * 1.0) * 1.0
      
      function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
      	return Float64(Float64(x * 1.0) * 1.0)
      end
      
      function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
      	tmp = (x * 1.0) * 1.0;
      end
      
      code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(x * 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * 1.0), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \left(x \cdot 1\right) \cdot 1
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 33.7%

        \[\left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot t}{16}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot t}{16}\right) \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot t}{16}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites34.8%

          \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(\left(y \cdot 2 + 1\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot t}{16}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in z around 0

          \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot 1 \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites36.5%

            \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot 1 \]
          2. Add Preprocessing

          Developer Target 1: 30.0% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{b}{16} \cdot \frac{t}{\left(1 - a \cdot 2\right) + {\left(a \cdot 2\right)}^{2}}\right) \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (x y z t a b)
           :precision binary64
           (* x (cos (* (/ b 16.0) (/ t (+ (- 1.0 (* a 2.0)) (pow (* a 2.0) 2.0)))))))
          double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
          	return x * cos(((b / 16.0) * (t / ((1.0 - (a * 2.0)) + pow((a * 2.0), 2.0)))));
          }
          
          real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              real(8), intent (in) :: z
              real(8), intent (in) :: t
              real(8), intent (in) :: a
              real(8), intent (in) :: b
              code = x * cos(((b / 16.0d0) * (t / ((1.0d0 - (a * 2.0d0)) + ((a * 2.0d0) ** 2.0d0)))))
          end function
          
          public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
          	return x * Math.cos(((b / 16.0) * (t / ((1.0 - (a * 2.0)) + Math.pow((a * 2.0), 2.0)))));
          }
          
          def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
          	return x * math.cos(((b / 16.0) * (t / ((1.0 - (a * 2.0)) + math.pow((a * 2.0), 2.0)))))
          
          function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
          	return Float64(x * cos(Float64(Float64(b / 16.0) * Float64(t / Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(a * 2.0)) + (Float64(a * 2.0) ^ 2.0))))))
          end
          
          function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
          	tmp = x * cos(((b / 16.0) * (t / ((1.0 - (a * 2.0)) + ((a * 2.0) ^ 2.0)))));
          end
          
          code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(x * N[Cos[N[(N[(b / 16.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t / N[(N[(1.0 - N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          x \cdot \cos \left(\frac{b}{16} \cdot \frac{t}{\left(1 - a \cdot 2\right) + {\left(a \cdot 2\right)}^{2}}\right)
          \end{array}
          

          Reproduce

          ?
          herbie shell --seed 2024219 
          (FPCore (x y z t a b)
            :name "Codec.Picture.Jpg.FastDct:referenceDct from JuicyPixels-3.2.6.1"
            :precision binary64
          
            :alt
            (! :herbie-platform default (* x (cos (* (/ b 16) (/ t (+ (- 1 (* a 2)) (pow (* a 2) 2)))))))
          
            (* (* x (cos (/ (* (* (+ (* y 2.0) 1.0) z) t) 16.0))) (cos (/ (* (* (+ (* a 2.0) 1.0) b) t) 16.0))))