Diagrams.TwoD.Layout.CirclePacking:approxRadius from diagrams-contrib-1.3.0.5

Percentage Accurate: 44.2% → 56.7%
Time: 11.2s
Alternatives: 4
Speedup: 244.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\\ \frac{\tan t\_0}{\sin t\_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ x (* y 2.0)))) (/ (tan t_0) (sin t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
	return tan(t_0) / sin(t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = x / (y * 2.0d0)
    code = tan(t_0) / sin(t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
	return Math.tan(t_0) / Math.sin(t_0);
}
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = x / (y * 2.0)
	return math.tan(t_0) / math.sin(t_0)
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(x / Float64(y * 2.0))
	return Float64(tan(t_0) / sin(t_0))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
	tmp = tan(t_0) / sin(t_0);
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(x / N[(y * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[Tan[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\\
\frac{\tan t\_0}{\sin t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 4 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 44.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\\ \frac{\tan t\_0}{\sin t\_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ x (* y 2.0)))) (/ (tan t_0) (sin t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
	return tan(t_0) / sin(t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = x / (y * 2.0d0)
    code = tan(t_0) / sin(t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
	return Math.tan(t_0) / Math.sin(t_0);
}
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = x / (y * 2.0)
	return math.tan(t_0) / math.sin(t_0)
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(x / Float64(y * 2.0))
	return Float64(tan(t_0) / sin(t_0))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
	tmp = tan(t_0) / sin(t_0);
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(x / N[(y * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[Tan[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\\
\frac{\tan t\_0}{\sin t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 56.7% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\\ t_1 := \frac{\tan t\_0}{\sin t\_0}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq 1.65:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ x (* y 2.0))) (t_1 (/ (tan t_0) (sin t_0))))
   (if (<= t_1 1.65) t_1 1.0)))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
	double t_1 = tan(t_0) / sin(t_0);
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= 1.65) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = x / (y * 2.0d0)
    t_1 = tan(t_0) / sin(t_0)
    if (t_1 <= 1.65d0) then
        tmp = t_1
    else
        tmp = 1.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
	double t_1 = Math.tan(t_0) / Math.sin(t_0);
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= 1.65) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = x / (y * 2.0)
	t_1 = math.tan(t_0) / math.sin(t_0)
	tmp = 0
	if t_1 <= 1.65:
		tmp = t_1
	else:
		tmp = 1.0
	return tmp
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(x / Float64(y * 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(tan(t_0) / sin(t_0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= 1.65)
		tmp = t_1;
	else
		tmp = 1.0;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
	t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
	t_1 = tan(t_0) / sin(t_0);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_1 <= 1.65)
		tmp = t_1;
	else
		tmp = 1.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(x / N[(y * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Tan[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 1.65], t$95$1, 1.0]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\\
t_1 := \frac{\tan t\_0}{\sin t\_0}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq 1.65:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (/.f64 (tan.f64 (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 1.6499999999999999

    1. Initial program 66.1%

      \[\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing

    if 1.6499999999999999 < (/.f64 (tan.f64 (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

    1. Initial program 2.8%

      \[\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites45.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
    5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    6. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 56.7% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\tan t\_0}{\sin t\_0} \leq 1.65:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\cos t\_0}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x y)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_0 (/ x (* y 2.0))))
       (if (<= (/ (tan t_0) (sin t_0)) 1.65) (/ 1.0 (cos t_0)) 1.0)))
    double code(double x, double y) {
    	double t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
    	double tmp;
    	if ((tan(t_0) / sin(t_0)) <= 1.65) {
    		tmp = 1.0 / cos(t_0);
    	} else {
    		tmp = 1.0;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    real(8) function code(x, y)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        real(8) :: t_0
        real(8) :: tmp
        t_0 = x / (y * 2.0d0)
        if ((tan(t_0) / sin(t_0)) <= 1.65d0) then
            tmp = 1.0d0 / cos(t_0)
        else
            tmp = 1.0d0
        end if
        code = tmp
    end function
    
    public static double code(double x, double y) {
    	double t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
    	double tmp;
    	if ((Math.tan(t_0) / Math.sin(t_0)) <= 1.65) {
    		tmp = 1.0 / Math.cos(t_0);
    	} else {
    		tmp = 1.0;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    def code(x, y):
    	t_0 = x / (y * 2.0)
    	tmp = 0
    	if (math.tan(t_0) / math.sin(t_0)) <= 1.65:
    		tmp = 1.0 / math.cos(t_0)
    	else:
    		tmp = 1.0
    	return tmp
    
    function code(x, y)
    	t_0 = Float64(x / Float64(y * 2.0))
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (Float64(tan(t_0) / sin(t_0)) <= 1.65)
    		tmp = Float64(1.0 / cos(t_0));
    	else
    		tmp = 1.0;
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
    	t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if ((tan(t_0) / sin(t_0)) <= 1.65)
    		tmp = 1.0 / cos(t_0);
    	else
    		tmp = 1.0;
    	end
    	tmp_2 = tmp;
    end
    
    code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(x / N[(y * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[Tan[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1.65], N[(1.0 / N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1.0]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\\
    \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\tan t\_0}{\sin t\_0} \leq 1.65:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\cos t\_0}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;1\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if (/.f64 (tan.f64 (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 1.6499999999999999

      1. Initial program 66.1%

        \[\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}} \]
        2. clear-numN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}}} \]
        3. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}}} \]
        4. lift-tan.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}}} \]
        5. tan-quotN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}}}} \]
        6. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}}{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}}} \]
        7. associate-/r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}} \]
        8. *-inversesN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \]
        9. remove-double-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \]
        10. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \]
        11. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)\right)\right)}} \]
        12. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1} \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
        13. neg-mul-1N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \]
        14. remove-double-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}} \]
        15. lower-cos.f6466.1

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}} \]
      4. Applied rewrites66.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}} \]

      if 1.6499999999999999 < (/.f64 (tan.f64 (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

      1. Initial program 2.8%

        \[\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites45.6%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
      5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      6. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 3: 56.7% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\tan t\_0}{\sin t\_0} \leq 1.65:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{0.5}{y}\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (x y)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_0 (/ x (* y 2.0))))
         (if (<= (/ (tan t_0) (sin t_0)) 1.65) (/ 1.0 (cos (* x (/ 0.5 y)))) 1.0)))
      double code(double x, double y) {
      	double t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
      	double tmp;
      	if ((tan(t_0) / sin(t_0)) <= 1.65) {
      		tmp = 1.0 / cos((x * (0.5 / y)));
      	} else {
      		tmp = 1.0;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(x, y)
          real(8), intent (in) :: x
          real(8), intent (in) :: y
          real(8) :: t_0
          real(8) :: tmp
          t_0 = x / (y * 2.0d0)
          if ((tan(t_0) / sin(t_0)) <= 1.65d0) then
              tmp = 1.0d0 / cos((x * (0.5d0 / y)))
          else
              tmp = 1.0d0
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double x, double y) {
      	double t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
      	double tmp;
      	if ((Math.tan(t_0) / Math.sin(t_0)) <= 1.65) {
      		tmp = 1.0 / Math.cos((x * (0.5 / y)));
      	} else {
      		tmp = 1.0;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(x, y):
      	t_0 = x / (y * 2.0)
      	tmp = 0
      	if (math.tan(t_0) / math.sin(t_0)) <= 1.65:
      		tmp = 1.0 / math.cos((x * (0.5 / y)))
      	else:
      		tmp = 1.0
      	return tmp
      
      function code(x, y)
      	t_0 = Float64(x / Float64(y * 2.0))
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (Float64(tan(t_0) / sin(t_0)) <= 1.65)
      		tmp = Float64(1.0 / cos(Float64(x * Float64(0.5 / y))));
      	else
      		tmp = 1.0;
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
      	t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if ((tan(t_0) / sin(t_0)) <= 1.65)
      		tmp = 1.0 / cos((x * (0.5 / y)));
      	else
      		tmp = 1.0;
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(x / N[(y * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[Tan[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1.65], N[(1.0 / N[Cos[N[(x * N[(0.5 / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1.0]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := \frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\\
      \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\tan t\_0}{\sin t\_0} \leq 1.65:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{0.5}{y}\right)}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;1\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if (/.f64 (tan.f64 (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 1.6499999999999999

        1. Initial program 66.1%

          \[\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}} \]
          2. clear-numN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}}} \]
          3. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}}} \]
          4. lift-tan.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}}} \]
          5. tan-quotN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}}}} \]
          6. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}}{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}}} \]
          7. associate-/r/N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}} \]
          8. *-inversesN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \]
          9. remove-double-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \]
          10. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \]
          11. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)\right)\right)}} \]
          12. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1} \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
          13. neg-mul-1N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \]
          14. remove-double-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}} \]
          15. lower-cos.f6466.1

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}} \]
        4. Applied rewrites66.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}} \]
        5. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}} \]
          2. clear-numN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\frac{y \cdot 2}{x}}\right)}} \]
          3. associate-/r/N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{y \cdot 2} \cdot x\right)}} \]
          4. inv-powN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(\color{blue}{{\left(y \cdot 2\right)}^{-1}} \cdot x\right)} \]
          5. exp-to-powN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot -1}} \cdot x\right)} \]
          6. lift-log.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(y \cdot 2\right)} \cdot -1} \cdot x\right)} \]
          7. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \log \left(y \cdot 2\right)}} \cdot x\right)} \]
          8. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \log \left(y \cdot 2\right)}} \cdot x\right)} \]
          9. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \color{blue}{\left(e^{-1 \cdot \log \left(y \cdot 2\right)} \cdot x\right)}} \]
          10. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \log \left(y \cdot 2\right)}} \cdot x\right)} \]
          11. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot -1}} \cdot x\right)} \]
          12. lift-log.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(y \cdot 2\right)} \cdot -1} \cdot x\right)} \]
          13. exp-to-powN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(\color{blue}{{\left(y \cdot 2\right)}^{-1}} \cdot x\right)} \]
          14. inv-powN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{y \cdot 2}} \cdot x\right)} \]
          15. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{y \cdot 2}} \cdot x\right)} \]
          16. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot y}} \cdot x\right)} \]
          17. associate-/r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}} \cdot x\right)} \]
          18. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}}{y} \cdot x\right)} \]
          19. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)}}{y} \cdot x\right)} \]
          20. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)}{y}} \cdot x\right)} \]
          21. metadata-eval65.5

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(\frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{y} \cdot x\right)} \]
        6. Applied rewrites65.5%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{0.5}{y} \cdot x\right)}} \]

        if 1.6499999999999999 < (/.f64 (tan.f64 (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

        1. Initial program 2.8%

          \[\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites45.6%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
        5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        6. Final simplification58.9%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \leq 1.65:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{0.5}{y}\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \]
        7. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 4: 55.3% accurate, 244.0× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 1.0)
        double code(double x, double y) {
        	return 1.0;
        }
        
        real(8) function code(x, y)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            real(8), intent (in) :: y
            code = 1.0d0
        end function
        
        public static double code(double x, double y) {
        	return 1.0;
        }
        
        def code(x, y):
        	return 1.0
        
        function code(x, y)
        	return 1.0
        end
        
        function tmp = code(x, y)
        	tmp = 1.0;
        end
        
        code[x_, y_] := 1.0
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        1
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 45.1%

          \[\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites56.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing

          Developer Target 1: 54.7% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ \mathbf{if}\;y < -1.2303690911306994 \cdot 10^{+114}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y < -9.102852406811914 \cdot 10^{-222}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_1}{t\_1 \cdot \log \left(e^{\cos t\_0}\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (x y)
           :precision binary64
           (let* ((t_0 (/ x (* y 2.0))) (t_1 (sin t_0)))
             (if (< y -1.2303690911306994e+114)
               1.0
               (if (< y -9.102852406811914e-222)
                 (/ t_1 (* t_1 (log (exp (cos t_0)))))
                 1.0))))
          double code(double x, double y) {
          	double t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
          	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
          	double tmp;
          	if (y < -1.2303690911306994e+114) {
          		tmp = 1.0;
          	} else if (y < -9.102852406811914e-222) {
          		tmp = t_1 / (t_1 * log(exp(cos(t_0))));
          	} else {
          		tmp = 1.0;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          real(8) function code(x, y)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              real(8) :: t_0
              real(8) :: t_1
              real(8) :: tmp
              t_0 = x / (y * 2.0d0)
              t_1 = sin(t_0)
              if (y < (-1.2303690911306994d+114)) then
                  tmp = 1.0d0
              else if (y < (-9.102852406811914d-222)) then
                  tmp = t_1 / (t_1 * log(exp(cos(t_0))))
              else
                  tmp = 1.0d0
              end if
              code = tmp
          end function
          
          public static double code(double x, double y) {
          	double t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
          	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
          	double tmp;
          	if (y < -1.2303690911306994e+114) {
          		tmp = 1.0;
          	} else if (y < -9.102852406811914e-222) {
          		tmp = t_1 / (t_1 * Math.log(Math.exp(Math.cos(t_0))));
          	} else {
          		tmp = 1.0;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          def code(x, y):
          	t_0 = x / (y * 2.0)
          	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
          	tmp = 0
          	if y < -1.2303690911306994e+114:
          		tmp = 1.0
          	elif y < -9.102852406811914e-222:
          		tmp = t_1 / (t_1 * math.log(math.exp(math.cos(t_0))))
          	else:
          		tmp = 1.0
          	return tmp
          
          function code(x, y)
          	t_0 = Float64(x / Float64(y * 2.0))
          	t_1 = sin(t_0)
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (y < -1.2303690911306994e+114)
          		tmp = 1.0;
          	elseif (y < -9.102852406811914e-222)
          		tmp = Float64(t_1 / Float64(t_1 * log(exp(cos(t_0)))));
          	else
          		tmp = 1.0;
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
          	t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
          	t_1 = sin(t_0);
          	tmp = 0.0;
          	if (y < -1.2303690911306994e+114)
          		tmp = 1.0;
          	elseif (y < -9.102852406811914e-222)
          		tmp = t_1 / (t_1 * log(exp(cos(t_0))));
          	else
          		tmp = 1.0;
          	end
          	tmp_2 = tmp;
          end
          
          code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(x / N[(y * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[y, -1.2303690911306994e+114], 1.0, If[Less[y, -9.102852406811914e-222], N[(t$95$1 / N[(t$95$1 * N[Log[N[Exp[N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1.0]]]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          t_0 := \frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\\
          t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
          \mathbf{if}\;y < -1.2303690911306994 \cdot 10^{+114}:\\
          \;\;\;\;1\\
          
          \mathbf{elif}\;y < -9.102852406811914 \cdot 10^{-222}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_1}{t\_1 \cdot \log \left(e^{\cos t\_0}\right)}\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;1\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          

          Reproduce

          ?
          herbie shell --seed 2024219 
          (FPCore (x y)
            :name "Diagrams.TwoD.Layout.CirclePacking:approxRadius from diagrams-contrib-1.3.0.5"
            :precision binary64
          
            :alt
            (! :herbie-platform default (if (< y -1230369091130699400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) 1 (if (< y -4551426203405957/500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) (/ (sin (/ x (* y 2))) (* (sin (/ x (* y 2))) (log (exp (cos (/ x (* y 2))))))) 1)))
          
            (/ (tan (/ x (* y 2.0))) (sin (/ x (* y 2.0)))))