Kahan p13 Example 3

Percentage Accurate: 100.0% → 99.2%

Time: 10.2s

Alternatives: 9

Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := 2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\\ 1 - \frac{1}{2 + t\_1 \cdot t\_1} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (t)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (- 2.0 (/ (/ 2.0 t) (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 t))))))
   (- 1.0 (/ 1.0 (+ 2.0 (* t_1 t_1))))))

C

double code(double t) {
	double t_1 = 2.0 - ((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t)));
	return 1.0 - (1.0 / (2.0 + (t_1 * t_1)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(t)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8) :: t_1
    t_1 = 2.0d0 - ((2.0d0 / t) / (1.0d0 + (1.0d0 / t)))
    code = 1.0d0 - (1.0d0 / (2.0d0 + (t_1 * t_1)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double t) {
	double t_1 = 2.0 - ((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t)));
	return 1.0 - (1.0 / (2.0 + (t_1 * t_1)));
}

Python

def code(t):
	t_1 = 2.0 - ((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t)))
	return 1.0 - (1.0 / (2.0 + (t_1 * t_1)))

Julia

function code(t)
	t_1 = Float64(2.0 - Float64(Float64(2.0 / t) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / t))))
	return Float64(1.0 - Float64(1.0 / Float64(2.0 + Float64(t_1 * t_1))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(t)
	t_1 = 2.0 - ((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t)));
	tmp = 1.0 - (1.0 / (2.0 + (t_1 * t_1)));
end

Wolfram

code[t_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(2.0 - N[(N[(2.0 / t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(1.0 - N[(1.0 / N[(2.0 + N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Initial Program: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := 2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\\ 1 - \frac{1}{2 + t\_1 \cdot t\_1} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (t)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (- 2.0 (/ (/ 2.0 t) (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 t))))))
   (- 1.0 (/ 1.0 (+ 2.0 (* t_1 t_1))))))

C

double code(double t) {
	double t_1 = 2.0 - ((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t)));
	return 1.0 - (1.0 / (2.0 + (t_1 * t_1)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(t)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8) :: t_1
    t_1 = 2.0d0 - ((2.0d0 / t) / (1.0d0 + (1.0d0 / t)))
    code = 1.0d0 - (1.0d0 / (2.0d0 + (t_1 * t_1)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double t) {
	double t_1 = 2.0 - ((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t)));
	return 1.0 - (1.0 / (2.0 + (t_1 * t_1)));
}

Python

def code(t):
	t_1 = 2.0 - ((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t)))
	return 1.0 - (1.0 / (2.0 + (t_1 * t_1)))

Julia

function code(t)
	t_1 = Float64(2.0 - Float64(Float64(2.0 / t) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / t))))
	return Float64(1.0 - Float64(1.0 / Float64(2.0 + Float64(t_1 * t_1))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(t)
	t_1 = 2.0 - ((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t)));
	tmp = 1.0 - (1.0 / (2.0 + (t_1 * t_1)));
end

Wolfram

code[t_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(2.0 - N[(N[(2.0 / t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(1.0 - N[(1.0 / N[(2.0 + N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Alternative 1: 99.2% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.8333333333333334 + \frac{\frac{0.037037037037037035 + \frac{0.04938271604938271}{t}}{t} + -0.2222222222222222}{t}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, t + -2, t\right), 0.5\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (t)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ (/ 2.0 t) (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 t))) 5e-7)
   (+
    0.8333333333333334
    (/
     (+
      (/ (+ 0.037037037037037035 (/ 0.04938271604938271 t)) t)
      -0.2222222222222222)
     t))
   (fma t (fma (* t t) (+ t -2.0) t) 0.5)))

C

double code(double t) {
	double tmp;
	if (((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t))) <= 5e-7) {
		tmp = 0.8333333333333334 + ((((0.037037037037037035 + (0.04938271604938271 / t)) / t) + -0.2222222222222222) / t);
	} else {
		tmp = fma(t, fma((t * t), (t + -2.0), t), 0.5);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(t)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(2.0 / t) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / t))) <= 5e-7)
		tmp = Float64(0.8333333333333334 + Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(0.037037037037037035 + Float64(0.04938271604938271 / t)) / t) + -0.2222222222222222) / t));
	else
		tmp = fma(t, fma(Float64(t * t), Float64(t + -2.0), t), 0.5);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[t_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(2.0 / t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 5e-7], N[(0.8333333333333334 + N[(N[(N[(N[(0.037037037037037035 + N[(0.04938271604938271 / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision] + -0.2222222222222222), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(t * N[(N[(t * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t + -2.0), $MachinePrecision] + t), $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) t) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) t))) < 4.99999999999999977e-7

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[1 - \frac{1}{2 + \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right) \cdot \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{5}{6} + \left(\frac{\frac{1}{27}}{{t}^{2}} + \frac{4}{81} \cdot \frac{1}{{t}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{2}{9} \cdot \frac{1}{t}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.8333333333333334 + \frac{\frac{0.037037037037037035 + \frac{0.04938271604938271}{t}}{t} + -0.2222222222222222}{t}} \]

   if 4.99999999999999977e-7 < (/.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) t) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) t)))

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[1 - \frac{1}{2 + \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right) \cdot \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + {t}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + t \cdot \left(t - 2\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{t}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + t \cdot \left(t - 2\right)\right) + \frac{1}{2}} \]

      2. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot t\right)} \cdot \left(1 + t \cdot \left(t - 2\right)\right) + \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. associate-*l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{t \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(1 + t \cdot \left(t - 2\right)\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, t \cdot \left(1 + t \cdot \left(t - 2\right)\right), \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]

      5. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(t - 2\right) + 1\right)}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      6. distribute-lft-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \color{blue}{t \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(t - 2\right)\right) + t \cdot 1}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      7. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(t - 2\right)} + t \cdot 1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      8. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \color{blue}{{t}^{2}} \cdot \left(t - 2\right) + t \cdot 1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      9. *-rgt-identity N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, {t}^{2} \cdot \left(t - 2\right) + \color{blue}{t}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      10. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({t}^{2}, t - 2, t\right)}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      11. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{t \cdot t}, t - 2, t\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      12. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{t \cdot t}, t - 2, t\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      13. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, \color{blue}{t + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right)}, t\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, t + \color{blue}{-2}, t\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      15. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, \color{blue}{-2 + t}, t\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      16. lower-+.f64 100.0

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, \color{blue}{-2 + t}, t\right), 0.5\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, -2 + t, t\right), 0.5\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.8333333333333334 + \frac{\frac{0.037037037037037035 + \frac{0.04938271604938271}{t}}{t} + -0.2222222222222222}{t}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, t + -2, t\right), 0.5\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 + \frac{1}{\left(2 + \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{-1 + \frac{-1}{t}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}} - 2\right) - 2} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (t)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  1.0
  (/
   1.0
   (-
    (*
     (+ 2.0 (/ (/ 2.0 t) (+ -1.0 (/ -1.0 t))))
     (- (/ (/ 2.0 t) (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 t))) 2.0))
    2.0))))

C

double code(double t) {
	return 1.0 + (1.0 / (((2.0 + ((2.0 / t) / (-1.0 + (-1.0 / t)))) * (((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t))) - 2.0)) - 2.0));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(t)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    code = 1.0d0 + (1.0d0 / (((2.0d0 + ((2.0d0 / t) / ((-1.0d0) + ((-1.0d0) / t)))) * (((2.0d0 / t) / (1.0d0 + (1.0d0 / t))) - 2.0d0)) - 2.0d0))
end function

Java

public static double code(double t) {
	return 1.0 + (1.0 / (((2.0 + ((2.0 / t) / (-1.0 + (-1.0 / t)))) * (((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t))) - 2.0)) - 2.0));
}

Python

def code(t):
	return 1.0 + (1.0 / (((2.0 + ((2.0 / t) / (-1.0 + (-1.0 / t)))) * (((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t))) - 2.0)) - 2.0))

Julia

function code(t)
	return Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 + Float64(Float64(2.0 / t) / Float64(-1.0 + Float64(-1.0 / t)))) * Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 / t) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / t))) - 2.0)) - 2.0)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(t)
	tmp = 1.0 + (1.0 / (((2.0 + ((2.0 / t) / (-1.0 + (-1.0 / t)))) * (((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t))) - 2.0)) - 2.0));
end

Wolfram

code[t_] := N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / N[(N[(N[(2.0 + N[(N[(2.0 / t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(-1.0 + N[(-1.0 / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(2.0 / t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 100.0%

   \[1 - \frac{1}{2 + \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right) \cdot \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Final simplification 100.0%

   \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{1}{\left(2 + \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{-1 + \frac{-1}{t}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}} - 2\right) - 2} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 99.2% accurate, 1.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.8333333333333334 + \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, -0.2222222222222222, 0.037037037037037035\right)}{t \cdot t}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, t + -2, t\right), 0.5\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (t)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ (/ 2.0 t) (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 t))) 5e-7)
   (+
    0.8333333333333334
    (/ (fma t -0.2222222222222222 0.037037037037037035) (* t t)))
   (fma t (fma (* t t) (+ t -2.0) t) 0.5)))

C

double code(double t) {
	double tmp;
	if (((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t))) <= 5e-7) {
		tmp = 0.8333333333333334 + (fma(t, -0.2222222222222222, 0.037037037037037035) / (t * t));
	} else {
		tmp = fma(t, fma((t * t), (t + -2.0), t), 0.5);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(t)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(2.0 / t) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / t))) <= 5e-7)
		tmp = Float64(0.8333333333333334 + Float64(fma(t, -0.2222222222222222, 0.037037037037037035) / Float64(t * t)));
	else
		tmp = fma(t, fma(Float64(t * t), Float64(t + -2.0), t), 0.5);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[t_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(2.0 / t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 5e-7], N[(0.8333333333333334 + N[(N[(t * -0.2222222222222222 + 0.037037037037037035), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(t * N[(N[(t * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t + -2.0), $MachinePrecision] + t), $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) t) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) t))) < 4.99999999999999977e-7

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[1 - \frac{1}{2 + \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right) \cdot \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{5}{6} + \frac{\frac{1}{27}}{{t}^{2}}\right) - \frac{2}{9} \cdot \frac{1}{t}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate--l+ N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{5}{6} + \left(\frac{\frac{1}{27}}{{t}^{2}} - \frac{2}{9} \cdot \frac{1}{t}\right)} \]

      2. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \left(\frac{\frac{1}{27}}{\color{blue}{t \cdot t}} - \frac{2}{9} \cdot \frac{1}{t}\right) \]

      3. associate-/r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{1}{27}}{t}}{t}} - \frac{2}{9} \cdot \frac{1}{t}\right) \]

      4. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{27} \cdot 1}}{t}}{t} - \frac{2}{9} \cdot \frac{1}{t}\right) \]

      5. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{27} \cdot \frac{1}{t}}}{t} - \frac{2}{9} \cdot \frac{1}{t}\right) \]

      6. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \left(\frac{\frac{1}{27} \cdot \frac{1}{t}}{t} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{9} \cdot 1}{t}}\right) \]

      7. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \left(\frac{\frac{1}{27} \cdot \frac{1}{t}}{t} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{9}}}{t}\right) \]

      8. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{27} \cdot \frac{1}{t} - \frac{2}{9}}{t}} \]

      9. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{5}{6} + \frac{\frac{1}{27} \cdot \frac{1}{t} - \frac{2}{9}}{t}} \]

      10. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{27} \cdot \frac{1}{t} - \frac{2}{9}}{t}} \]

      11. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{27} \cdot \frac{1}{t} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9}\right)\right)}}{t} \]

      12. lower-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{27} \cdot \frac{1}{t} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9}\right)\right)}}{t} \]

      13. associate-*r/ N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{27} \cdot 1}{t}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9}\right)\right)}{t} \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{27}}}{t} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9}\right)\right)}{t} \]

      15. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{27}}{t}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9}\right)\right)}{t} \]

      16. metadata-eval 99.9

          \[\leadsto 0.8333333333333334 + \frac{\frac{0.037037037037037035}{t} + \color{blue}{-0.2222222222222222}}{t} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.8333333333333334 + \frac{\frac{0.037037037037037035}{t} + -0.2222222222222222}{t}} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in t around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{27} + \frac{-2}{9} \cdot t}{{t}^{2}}} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{27} \cdot 1} + \frac{-2}{9} \cdot t}{{t}^{2}} \]

      2. lft-mult-inverse N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{\frac{1}{27} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{t} \cdot t\right)} + \frac{-2}{9} \cdot t}{{t}^{2}} \]

      3. associate-*l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{27} \cdot \frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot t} + \frac{-2}{9} \cdot t}{{t}^{2}} \]

      4. distribute-rgt-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\frac{1}{27} \cdot \frac{1}{t} + \frac{-2}{9}\right)}}{{t}^{2}} \]

      5. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{t \cdot \left(\frac{1}{27} \cdot \frac{1}{t} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9}\right)\right)}\right)}{{t}^{2}} \]

      6. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{27} \cdot \frac{1}{t} - \frac{2}{9}\right)}}{{t}^{2}} \]

      7. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \color{blue}{\frac{t \cdot \left(\frac{1}{27} \cdot \frac{1}{t} - \frac{2}{9}\right)}{{t}^{2}}} \]

      8. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{27} \cdot \frac{1}{t} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9}\right)\right)\right)}}{{t}^{2}} \]

      9. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{t \cdot \left(\frac{1}{27} \cdot \frac{1}{t} + \color{blue}{\frac{-2}{9}}\right)}{{t}^{2}} \]

      10. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-2}{9} + \frac{1}{27} \cdot \frac{1}{t}\right)}}{{t}^{2}} \]

      11. distribute-lft-in N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{\color{blue}{t \cdot \frac{-2}{9} + t \cdot \left(\frac{1}{27} \cdot \frac{1}{t}\right)}}{{t}^{2}} \]

      12. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{t \cdot \frac{-2}{9} + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{27} \cdot \frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot t}}{{t}^{2}} \]

      13. associate-*l* N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{t \cdot \frac{-2}{9} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{27} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{t} \cdot t\right)}}{{t}^{2}} \]

      14. lft-mult-inverse N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{t \cdot \frac{-2}{9} + \frac{1}{27} \cdot \color{blue}{1}}{{t}^{2}} \]

      15. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{t \cdot \frac{-2}{9} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{27}}}{{t}^{2}} \]

      16. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{-2}{9}, \frac{1}{27}\right)}}{{t}^{2}} \]

      17. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{-2}{9}, \frac{1}{27}\right)}{\color{blue}{t \cdot t}} \]

      18. lower-*.f64 99.9

          \[\leadsto 0.8333333333333334 + \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, -0.2222222222222222, 0.037037037037037035\right)}{\color{blue}{t \cdot t}} \]

   8. Applied rewrites 99.9%

      \[\leadsto 0.8333333333333334 + \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, -0.2222222222222222, 0.037037037037037035\right)}{t \cdot t}} \]

   if 4.99999999999999977e-7 < (/.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) t) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) t)))

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[1 - \frac{1}{2 + \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right) \cdot \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + {t}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + t \cdot \left(t - 2\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{t}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + t \cdot \left(t - 2\right)\right) + \frac{1}{2}} \]

      2. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot t\right)} \cdot \left(1 + t \cdot \left(t - 2\right)\right) + \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. associate-*l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{t \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(1 + t \cdot \left(t - 2\right)\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, t \cdot \left(1 + t \cdot \left(t - 2\right)\right), \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]

      5. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(t - 2\right) + 1\right)}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      6. distribute-lft-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \color{blue}{t \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(t - 2\right)\right) + t \cdot 1}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      7. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(t - 2\right)} + t \cdot 1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      8. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \color{blue}{{t}^{2}} \cdot \left(t - 2\right) + t \cdot 1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      9. *-rgt-identity N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, {t}^{2} \cdot \left(t - 2\right) + \color{blue}{t}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      10. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({t}^{2}, t - 2, t\right)}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      11. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{t \cdot t}, t - 2, t\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      12. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{t \cdot t}, t - 2, t\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      13. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, \color{blue}{t + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right)}, t\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, t + \color{blue}{-2}, t\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      15. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, \color{blue}{-2 + t}, t\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      16. lower-+.f64 100.0

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, \color{blue}{-2 + t}, t\right), 0.5\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, -2 + t, t\right), 0.5\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.8333333333333334 + \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, -0.2222222222222222, 0.037037037037037035\right)}{t \cdot t}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, t + -2, t\right), 0.5\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 99.1% accurate, 1.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.8333333333333334 + \frac{-0.2222222222222222}{t}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, t + -2, t\right), 0.5\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (t)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ (/ 2.0 t) (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 t))) 5e-7)
   (+ 0.8333333333333334 (/ -0.2222222222222222 t))
   (fma t (fma (* t t) (+ t -2.0) t) 0.5)))

C

double code(double t) {
	double tmp;
	if (((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t))) <= 5e-7) {
		tmp = 0.8333333333333334 + (-0.2222222222222222 / t);
	} else {
		tmp = fma(t, fma((t * t), (t + -2.0), t), 0.5);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(t)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(2.0 / t) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / t))) <= 5e-7)
		tmp = Float64(0.8333333333333334 + Float64(-0.2222222222222222 / t));
	else
		tmp = fma(t, fma(Float64(t * t), Float64(t + -2.0), t), 0.5);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[t_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(2.0 / t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 5e-7], N[(0.8333333333333334 + N[(-0.2222222222222222 / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(t * N[(N[(t * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t + -2.0), $MachinePrecision] + t), $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) t) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) t))) < 4.99999999999999977e-7

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[1 - \frac{1}{2 + \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right) \cdot \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{5}{6} - \frac{2}{9} \cdot \frac{1}{t}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{5}{6} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9} \cdot \frac{1}{t}\right)\right)} \]

      2. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{5}{6} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9} \cdot \frac{1}{t}\right)\right)} \]

      3. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{9} \cdot 1}{t}}\right)\right) \]

      4. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{9}}}{t}\right)\right) \]

      5. distribute-neg-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9}\right)}{t}} \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9}\right)}{t}} \]

      7. metadata-eval 99.7

         \[\leadsto 0.8333333333333334 + \frac{\color{blue}{-0.2222222222222222}}{t} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.8333333333333334 + \frac{-0.2222222222222222}{t}} \]

   if 4.99999999999999977e-7 < (/.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) t) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) t)))

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[1 - \frac{1}{2 + \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right) \cdot \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + {t}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + t \cdot \left(t - 2\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{t}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + t \cdot \left(t - 2\right)\right) + \frac{1}{2}} \]

      2. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot t\right)} \cdot \left(1 + t \cdot \left(t - 2\right)\right) + \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. associate-*l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{t \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(1 + t \cdot \left(t - 2\right)\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, t \cdot \left(1 + t \cdot \left(t - 2\right)\right), \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]

      5. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(t - 2\right) + 1\right)}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      6. distribute-lft-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \color{blue}{t \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(t - 2\right)\right) + t \cdot 1}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      7. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(t - 2\right)} + t \cdot 1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      8. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \color{blue}{{t}^{2}} \cdot \left(t - 2\right) + t \cdot 1, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      9. *-rgt-identity N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, {t}^{2} \cdot \left(t - 2\right) + \color{blue}{t}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      10. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({t}^{2}, t - 2, t\right)}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      11. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{t \cdot t}, t - 2, t\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      12. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{t \cdot t}, t - 2, t\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      13. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, \color{blue}{t + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right)}, t\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, t + \color{blue}{-2}, t\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      15. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, \color{blue}{-2 + t}, t\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      16. lower-+.f64 100.0

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, \color{blue}{-2 + t}, t\right), 0.5\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, -2 + t, t\right), 0.5\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 99.8%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.8333333333333334 + \frac{-0.2222222222222222}{t}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot t, t + -2, t\right), 0.5\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 99.0% accurate, 1.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.8333333333333334 + \frac{-0.2222222222222222}{t}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, t \cdot t, t\right), 0.5\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (t)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ (/ 2.0 t) (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 t))) 5e-7)
   (+ 0.8333333333333334 (/ -0.2222222222222222 t))
   (fma t (fma -2.0 (* t t) t) 0.5)))

C

double code(double t) {
	double tmp;
	if (((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t))) <= 5e-7) {
		tmp = 0.8333333333333334 + (-0.2222222222222222 / t);
	} else {
		tmp = fma(t, fma(-2.0, (t * t), t), 0.5);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(t)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(2.0 / t) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / t))) <= 5e-7)
		tmp = Float64(0.8333333333333334 + Float64(-0.2222222222222222 / t));
	else
		tmp = fma(t, fma(-2.0, Float64(t * t), t), 0.5);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[t_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(2.0 / t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 5e-7], N[(0.8333333333333334 + N[(-0.2222222222222222 / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(t * N[(-2.0 * N[(t * t), $MachinePrecision] + t), $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) t) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) t))) < 4.99999999999999977e-7

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[1 - \frac{1}{2 + \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right) \cdot \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{5}{6} - \frac{2}{9} \cdot \frac{1}{t}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{5}{6} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9} \cdot \frac{1}{t}\right)\right)} \]

      2. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{5}{6} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9} \cdot \frac{1}{t}\right)\right)} \]

      3. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{9} \cdot 1}{t}}\right)\right) \]

      4. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{9}}}{t}\right)\right) \]

      5. distribute-neg-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9}\right)}{t}} \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9}\right)}{t}} \]

      7. metadata-eval 99.7

         \[\leadsto 0.8333333333333334 + \frac{\color{blue}{-0.2222222222222222}}{t} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.8333333333333334 + \frac{-0.2222222222222222}{t}} \]

   if 4.99999999999999977e-7 < (/.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) t) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) t)))

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[1 - \frac{1}{2 + \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right) \cdot \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + {t}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + -2 \cdot t\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{t}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + -2 \cdot t\right) + \frac{1}{2}} \]

      2. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot t\right)} \cdot \left(1 + -2 \cdot t\right) + \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. associate-*l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{t \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(1 + -2 \cdot t\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + -2 \cdot t\right) \cdot t\right)} + \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, \left(1 + -2 \cdot t\right) \cdot t, \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]

      6. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot t + 1\right)} \cdot t, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      7. distribute-lft1-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot t\right) \cdot t + t}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      8. associate-*l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)} + t, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      9. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, -2 \cdot \color{blue}{{t}^{2}} + t, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      10. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {t}^{2}, t\right)}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      11. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \color{blue}{t \cdot t}, t\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \]

      12. lower-*.f64 100.0

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \color{blue}{t \cdot t}, t\right), 0.5\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, t \cdot t, t\right), 0.5\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 98.9% accurate, 1.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.8333333333333334 + \frac{-0.2222222222222222}{t}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t, t, 0.5\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (t)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ (/ 2.0 t) (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 t))) 5e-7)
   (+ 0.8333333333333334 (/ -0.2222222222222222 t))
   (fma t t 0.5)))

C

double code(double t) {
	double tmp;
	if (((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t))) <= 5e-7) {
		tmp = 0.8333333333333334 + (-0.2222222222222222 / t);
	} else {
		tmp = fma(t, t, 0.5);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(t)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(2.0 / t) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / t))) <= 5e-7)
		tmp = Float64(0.8333333333333334 + Float64(-0.2222222222222222 / t));
	else
		tmp = fma(t, t, 0.5);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[t_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(2.0 / t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 5e-7], N[(0.8333333333333334 + N[(-0.2222222222222222 / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(t * t + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) t) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) t))) < 4.99999999999999977e-7

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[1 - \frac{1}{2 + \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right) \cdot \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{5}{6} - \frac{2}{9} \cdot \frac{1}{t}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{5}{6} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9} \cdot \frac{1}{t}\right)\right)} \]

      2. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{5}{6} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9} \cdot \frac{1}{t}\right)\right)} \]

      3. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{9} \cdot 1}{t}}\right)\right) \]

      4. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{9}}}{t}\right)\right) \]

      5. distribute-neg-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9}\right)}{t}} \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{5}{6} + \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{9}\right)}{t}} \]

      7. metadata-eval 99.7

         \[\leadsto 0.8333333333333334 + \frac{\color{blue}{-0.2222222222222222}}{t} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.8333333333333334 + \frac{-0.2222222222222222}{t}} \]

   if 4.99999999999999977e-7 < (/.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) t) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) t)))

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[1 - \frac{1}{2 + \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right) \cdot \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + {t}^{2}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{t}^{2} + \frac{1}{2}} \]

      2. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{t \cdot t} + \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, t, 0.5\right)} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, t, 0.5\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 98.5% accurate, 2.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.8333333333333334\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t, t, 0.5\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (t)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ (/ 2.0 t) (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 t))) 5e-7)
   0.8333333333333334
   (fma t t 0.5)))

C

double code(double t) {
	double tmp;
	if (((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t))) <= 5e-7) {
		tmp = 0.8333333333333334;
	} else {
		tmp = fma(t, t, 0.5);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(t)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(2.0 / t) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / t))) <= 5e-7)
		tmp = 0.8333333333333334;
	else
		tmp = fma(t, t, 0.5);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[t_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(2.0 / t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 5e-7], 0.8333333333333334, N[(t * t + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) t) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) t))) < 4.99999999999999977e-7

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[1 - \frac{1}{2 + \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right) \cdot \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{5}{6}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Applied rewrites 98.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.8333333333333334} \]

   if 4.99999999999999977e-7 < (/.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) t) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) t)))

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[1 - \frac{1}{2 + \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right) \cdot \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + {t}^{2}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{t}^{2} + \frac{1}{2}} \]

      2. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{t \cdot t} + \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, t, 0.5\right)} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, t, 0.5\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 98.5% accurate, 2.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}} \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;0.8333333333333334\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (t)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ (/ 2.0 t) (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 t))) 1.0) 0.8333333333333334 0.5))

C

double code(double t) {
	double tmp;
	if (((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t))) <= 1.0) {
		tmp = 0.8333333333333334;
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(t)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (((2.0d0 / t) / (1.0d0 + (1.0d0 / t))) <= 1.0d0) then
        tmp = 0.8333333333333334d0
    else
        tmp = 0.5d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double t) {
	double tmp;
	if (((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t))) <= 1.0) {
		tmp = 0.8333333333333334;
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(t):
	tmp = 0
	if ((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t))) <= 1.0:
		tmp = 0.8333333333333334
	else:
		tmp = 0.5
	return tmp

Julia

function code(t)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(2.0 / t) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / t))) <= 1.0)
		tmp = 0.8333333333333334;
	else
		tmp = 0.5;
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(t)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (((2.0 / t) / (1.0 + (1.0 / t))) <= 1.0)
		tmp = 0.8333333333333334;
	else
		tmp = 0.5;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[t_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(2.0 / t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1.0], 0.8333333333333334, 0.5]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) t) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) t))) < 1

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[1 - \frac{1}{2 + \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right) \cdot \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{5}{6}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Applied rewrites 98.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.8333333333333334} \]

   if 1 < (/.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) t) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) t)))

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[1 - \frac{1}{2 + \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right) \cdot \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Applied rewrites 98.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 59.1% accurate, 101.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0.5 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (t) :precision binary64 0.5)

C

double code(double t) {
	return 0.5;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(t)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    code = 0.5d0
end function

Java

public static double code(double t) {
	return 0.5;
}

Python

def code(t):
	return 0.5

Julia

function code(t)
	return 0.5
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(t)
	tmp = 0.5;
end

Wolfram

code[t_] := 0.5

Derivation

1. Initial program 100.0%

   \[1 - \frac{1}{2 + \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right) \cdot \left(2 - \frac{\frac{2}{t}}{1 + \frac{1}{t}}\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

5. Applied rewrites 59.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5} \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024219 
(FPCore (t)
  :name "Kahan p13 Example 3"
  :precision binary64
  (- 1.0 (/ 1.0 (+ 2.0 (* (- 2.0 (/ (/ 2.0 t) (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 t)))) (- 2.0 (/ (/ 2.0 t) (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 t)))))))))