Destination given bearing on a great circle

Percentage Accurate: 99.8% → 99.8%
Time: 20.1s
Alternatives: 22
Speedup: 1.2×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
   (-
    (cos delta)
    (*
     (sin phi1)
     (sin
      (asin
       (+
        (* (sin phi1) (cos delta))
        (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(delta) - (Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(Math.asin(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.cos(delta)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(theta))))))));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(delta) - (math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(math.asin(((math.sin(phi1) * math.cos(delta)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(theta))))))))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 22 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
   (-
    (cos delta)
    (*
     (sin phi1)
     (sin
      (asin
       (+
        (* (sin phi1) (cos delta))
        (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(delta) - (Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(Math.asin(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.cos(delta)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(theta))))))));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(delta) - (math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(math.asin(((math.sin(phi1) * math.cos(delta)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(theta))))))))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.8% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta)))
   (-
    (cos delta)
    (*
     (sin phi1)
     (fma
      (sin phi1)
      (cos delta)
      (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (cos theta)))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), (cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * cos(theta)))))));
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(theta))))))))
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.7%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    3. lift-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    4. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    5. lift-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    6. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    7. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    8. lift-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right)} \]
    9. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)} \]
    10. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    11. sin-asinN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    12. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.7%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
  5. Final simplification99.7%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right)} \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 84.0% accurate, 0.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\ t_2 := \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta}\\ t_3 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot t\_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_3 \leq -3:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_3 \leq -0.05:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_3 \leq 10^{-22}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{1}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_3 \leq 3.14:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, delta \cdot -0.5, 1\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (* (sin theta) (sin delta)))
        (t_2 (atan2 t_1 (cos delta)))
        (t_3
         (+
          lambda1
          (atan2
           (* (cos phi1) t_1)
           (-
            (cos delta)
            (*
             (sin phi1)
             (sin
              (asin
               (+
                (* (cos delta) (sin phi1))
                (* (cos theta) (* (sin delta) (cos phi1))))))))))))
   (if (<= t_3 -3.0)
     (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* theta (sin delta)) (cos delta)))
     (if (<= t_3 -0.05)
       t_2
       (if (<= t_3 1e-22)
         (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 1.0))
         (if (<= t_3 3.14)
           t_2
           (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 (fma delta (* delta -0.5) 1.0)))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	double t_1 = sin(theta) * sin(delta);
	double t_2 = atan2(t_1, cos(delta));
	double t_3 = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * t_1), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((cos(delta) * sin(phi1)) + (cos(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1)))))))));
	double tmp;
	if (t_3 <= -3.0) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
	} else if (t_3 <= -0.05) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (t_3 <= 1e-22) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, 1.0);
	} else if (t_3 <= 3.14) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, fma(delta, (delta * -0.5), 1.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	t_1 = Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))
	t_2 = atan(t_1, cos(delta))
	t_3 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * t_1), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(cos(delta) * sin(phi1)) + Float64(cos(theta) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1))))))))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_3 <= -3.0)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta)));
	elseif (t_3 <= -0.05)
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (t_3 <= 1e-22)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, 1.0));
	elseif (t_3 <= 3.14)
		tmp = t_2;
	else
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, fma(delta, Float64(delta * -0.5), 1.0)));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$3, -3.0], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(theta * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$3, -0.05], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[t$95$3, 1e-22], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / 1.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$3, 3.14], t$95$2, N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[(delta * N[(delta * -0.5), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\
t_2 := \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta}\\
t_3 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot t\_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_3 \leq -3:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_3 \leq -0.05:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_2\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_3 \leq 10^{-22}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{1}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_3 \leq 3.14:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_2\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, delta \cdot -0.5, 1\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 4 regimes
  2. if (+.f64 lambda1 (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta))))))))) < -3

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-cos.f64100.0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites100.0%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      2. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
      3. lower-sin.f6498.3

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    8. Applied rewrites98.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
      2. lower-sin.f6498.3

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
    11. Applied rewrites98.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]

    if -3 < (+.f64 lambda1 (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta))))))))) < -0.050000000000000003 or 1e-22 < (+.f64 lambda1 (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta))))))))) < 3.14000000000000012

    1. Initial program 99.4%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-cos.f6468.0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites68.0%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      2. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
      3. lower-sin.f6464.9

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    8. Applied rewrites64.9%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-atan2.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta}} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      3. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
      4. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      5. lower-cos.f6464.7

        \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    11. Applied rewrites64.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta}} \]

    if -0.050000000000000003 < (+.f64 lambda1 (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta))))))))) < 1e-22

    1. Initial program 99.3%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-cos.f6479.2

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites79.2%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      2. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
      3. lower-sin.f6478.3

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    8. Applied rewrites78.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{1}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites75.3%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{1}} \]

      if 3.14000000000000012 < (+.f64 lambda1 (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta)))))))))

      1. Initial program 100.0%

        \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-cos.f6498.2

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites98.2%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
        2. lower-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
        3. lower-sin.f6498.3

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      8. Applied rewrites98.3%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot {delta}^{2}}} \]
      10. Step-by-step derivation
        1. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot {delta}^{2} + 1}} \]
        2. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{{delta}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} + 1} \]
        3. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot delta\right)} \cdot \frac{-1}{2} + 1} \]
        4. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{delta \cdot \left(delta \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)} + 1} \]
        5. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot delta\right)} + 1} \]
        6. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot delta, 1\right)}} \]
        7. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, \color{blue}{delta \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}, 1\right)} \]
        8. lower-*.f6498.6

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, \color{blue}{delta \cdot -0.5}, 1\right)} \]
      11. Applied rewrites98.6%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, delta \cdot -0.5, 1\right)}} \]
    11. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
    12. Final simplification85.5%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)} \leq -3:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)} \leq -0.05:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)} \leq 10^{-22}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{1}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)} \leq 3.14:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, delta \cdot -0.5, 1\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
    13. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 99.8% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right)} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
     :precision binary64
     (+
      lambda1
      (atan2
       (* (sin theta) (* (sin delta) (cos phi1)))
       (-
        (cos delta)
        (*
         (sin phi1)
         (fma
          (sin phi1)
          (cos delta)
          (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (cos theta)))))))))
    double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
    	return lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), (cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * cos(theta)))))));
    }
    
    function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(theta))))))))
    end
    
    code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right)}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      3. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      4. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      5. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      6. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      7. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      8. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right)} \]
      9. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)} \]
      10. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      11. sin-asinN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      12. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites99.7%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      2. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      3. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      4. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      6. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      7. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      8. lower-*.f6499.6

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      9. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      10. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      11. lower-*.f6499.6

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    6. Applied rewrites99.6%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    7. Final simplification99.6%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right)} \]
    8. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 94.6% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot t\_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, t\_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_1 (* (sin delta) (cos phi1))))
       (+
        lambda1
        (atan2
         (* (sin theta) t_1)
         (fma (fma (sin phi1) (cos delta) t_1) (- (sin phi1)) (cos delta))))))
    double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
    	double t_1 = sin(delta) * cos(phi1);
    	return lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * t_1), fma(fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), t_1), -sin(phi1), cos(delta)));
    }
    
    function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    	t_1 = Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1))
    	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * t_1), fma(fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), t_1), Float64(-sin(phi1)), cos(delta))))
    end
    
    code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * (-N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]) + N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_1 := \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\\
    \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot t\_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, t\_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      3. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      4. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      5. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      6. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      7. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      8. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right)} \]
      9. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)} \]
      10. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      11. sin-asinN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      12. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites99.7%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      2. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      3. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      4. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      6. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      7. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      8. lower-*.f6499.6

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      9. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      10. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      11. lower-*.f6499.6

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    6. Applied rewrites99.6%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\cos delta + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)}} \]
      2. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right) + \cos delta}} \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)\right) + \cos delta} \]
      4. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)\right)} + \cos delta} \]
      5. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)}} \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      7. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      8. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      9. lower-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta}\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      11. lower-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      12. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      13. lower-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right), \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)}, \cos delta\right)} \]
      14. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      15. lower-cos.f6495.2

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right), -\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}\right)} \]
    9. Applied rewrites95.2%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}} \]
    10. Final simplification95.2%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} \]
    11. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 5: 91.7% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
     :precision binary64
     (+
      lambda1
      (atan2
       (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta)))
       (fma (fma (sin phi1) (cos delta) (sin delta)) (- (sin phi1)) (cos delta)))))
    double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
    	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), fma(fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), sin(delta)), -sin(phi1), cos(delta)));
    }
    
    function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))), fma(fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), sin(delta)), Float64(-sin(phi1)), cos(delta))))
    end
    
    code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] + N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * (-N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]) + N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      3. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      4. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      5. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      6. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      7. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      8. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right)} \]
      9. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)} \]
      10. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      11. sin-asinN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      12. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites99.7%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\cos theta \cdot \sin delta}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos theta}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos theta}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      3. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      4. lower-cos.f6492.7

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    7. Applied rewrites92.7%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos theta}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}} \]
      2. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right) + \cos delta}} \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)\right) + \cos delta} \]
      4. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)\right)} + \cos delta} \]
      5. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)}} \]
      6. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \sin delta}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      7. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \sin delta, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      8. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta\right)}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      9. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}, \cos delta, \sin delta\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      10. lower-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}, \sin delta\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      11. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      12. lower-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta\right), \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)}, \cos delta\right)} \]
      13. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      14. lower-cos.f6492.5

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta\right), -\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}\right)} \]
    10. Applied rewrites92.5%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}} \]
    11. Final simplification92.5%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} \]
    12. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 6: 92.0% accurate, 1.6× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, 1, \sin delta\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
     :precision binary64
     (+
      lambda1
      (atan2
       (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta)))
       (fma (fma (sin phi1) 1.0 (sin delta)) (- (sin phi1)) (cos delta)))))
    double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
    	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), fma(fma(sin(phi1), 1.0, sin(delta)), -sin(phi1), cos(delta)));
    }
    
    function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))), fma(fma(sin(phi1), 1.0, sin(delta)), Float64(-sin(phi1)), cos(delta))))
    end
    
    code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * 1.0 + N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * (-N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]) + N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, 1, \sin delta\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      3. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      4. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      5. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      6. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      7. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      8. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right)} \]
      9. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)} \]
      10. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      11. sin-asinN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      12. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites99.7%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\cos theta \cdot \sin delta}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos theta}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos theta}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      3. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      4. lower-cos.f6492.7

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    7. Applied rewrites92.7%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos theta}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}} \]
      2. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right) + \cos delta}} \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)\right) + \cos delta} \]
      4. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)\right)} + \cos delta} \]
      5. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)}} \]
      6. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \sin delta}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      7. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \sin delta, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      8. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta\right)}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      9. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}, \cos delta, \sin delta\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      10. lower-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}, \sin delta\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      11. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      12. lower-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta\right), \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)}, \cos delta\right)} \]
      13. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      14. lower-cos.f6492.5

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta\right), -\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}\right)} \]
    10. Applied rewrites92.5%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}} \]
    11. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{1}, \sin delta\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
    12. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites91.7%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{1}, \sin delta\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} \]
      2. Final simplification91.7%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, 1, \sin delta\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} \]
      3. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 7: 92.3% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (+
        lambda1
        (atan2
         (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta)))
         (- (cos delta) (pow (sin phi1) 2.0)))))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), (cos(delta) - pow(sin(phi1), 2.0)));
      }
      
      real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
          real(8), intent (in) :: delta
          real(8), intent (in) :: theta
          code = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ** 2.0d0)))
      end function
      
      public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta))), (Math.cos(delta) - Math.pow(Math.sin(phi1), 2.0)));
      }
      
      def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
      	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta))), (math.cos(delta) - math.pow(math.sin(phi1), 2.0)))
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))), Float64(cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ^ 2.0))))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ^ 2.0)));
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.7%

        \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        2. lower-sin.f6491.1

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites91.1%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
      6. Final simplification91.1%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
      7. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 8: 92.3% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (+
        lambda1
        (atan2
         (* (sin theta) (* (sin delta) (cos phi1)))
         (- (cos delta) (pow (sin phi1) 2.0)))))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	return lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), (cos(delta) - pow(sin(phi1), 2.0)));
      }
      
      real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
          real(8), intent (in) :: delta
          real(8), intent (in) :: theta
          code = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ** 2.0d0)))
      end function
      
      public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.cos(phi1))), (Math.cos(delta) - Math.pow(Math.sin(phi1), 2.0)));
      }
      
      def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
      	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * (math.sin(delta) * math.cos(phi1))), (math.cos(delta) - math.pow(math.sin(phi1), 2.0)))
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), Float64(cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ^ 2.0))))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ^ 2.0)));
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.7%

        \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        3. lift-cos.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        4. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        5. lift-cos.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        6. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        7. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        8. lift-cos.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right)} \]
        9. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)} \]
        10. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        11. sin-asinN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        12. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
      4. Applied rewrites99.7%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
        2. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
        3. lift-cos.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
        4. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
        5. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
        6. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
        7. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
        8. lower-*.f6499.6

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
        9. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
        10. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
        11. lower-*.f6499.6

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      6. Applied rewrites99.6%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      7. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
      8. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        2. lower-sin.f6491.1

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
      9. Applied rewrites91.1%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
      10. Final simplification91.1%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
      11. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 9: 91.9% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.033:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.24:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (if (<= delta -0.033)
         (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) (* (sin delta) (cos phi1))) (cos delta)))
         (if (<= delta 0.24)
           (+
            lambda1
            (atan2 (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta))) (pow (cos phi1) 2.0)))
           (+
            lambda1
            (atan2 (* (sin delta) (* (sin theta) (cos phi1))) (cos delta))))))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (delta <= -0.033) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
      	} else if (delta <= 0.24) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), pow(cos(phi1), 2.0));
      	} else {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
          real(8), intent (in) :: delta
          real(8), intent (in) :: theta
          real(8) :: tmp
          if (delta <= (-0.033d0)) then
              tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta))
          else if (delta <= 0.24d0) then
              tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), (cos(phi1) ** 2.0d0))
          else
              tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta))
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (delta <= -0.033) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.cos(phi1))), Math.cos(delta));
      	} else if (delta <= 0.24) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta))), Math.pow(Math.cos(phi1), 2.0));
      	} else {
      		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(delta) * (Math.sin(theta) * Math.cos(phi1))), Math.cos(delta));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
      	tmp = 0
      	if delta <= -0.033:
      		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * (math.sin(delta) * math.cos(phi1))), math.cos(delta))
      	elif delta <= 0.24:
      		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta))), math.pow(math.cos(phi1), 2.0))
      	else:
      		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(delta) * (math.sin(theta) * math.cos(phi1))), math.cos(delta))
      	return tmp
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (delta <= -0.033)
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta)));
      	elseif (delta <= 0.24)
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))), (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0)));
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(delta) * Float64(sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta)));
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if (delta <= -0.033)
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
      	elseif (delta <= 0.24)
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0));
      	else
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[LessEqual[delta, -0.033], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[delta, 0.24], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.033:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.24:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 3 regimes
      2. if delta < -0.033000000000000002

        1. Initial program 99.8%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-cos.f6490.1

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites90.1%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          2. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          3. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          4. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta} \]
          5. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta} \]
          6. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          7. lift-atan2.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta}} \]
          8. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1} \]
          9. lower-+.f6490.1

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1} \]
        7. Applied rewrites90.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1} \]

        if -0.033000000000000002 < delta < 0.23999999999999999

        1. Initial program 99.5%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          2. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          3. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          4. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          5. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          6. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          7. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          8. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right)} \]
          9. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)} \]
          10. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          11. sin-asinN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          12. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
        4. Applied rewrites99.5%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
        5. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
          2. 1-sub-sinN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} \]
          3. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          4. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          5. lower-cos.f6498.9

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
        7. Applied rewrites98.9%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]

        if 0.23999999999999999 < delta

        1. Initial program 99.7%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-cos.f6482.6

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites82.6%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          2. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          3. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta} \]
          4. associate-*l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
          5. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
          6. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          7. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          8. lower-*.f6482.6

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
        7. Applied rewrites82.6%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
      3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification92.1%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.033:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.24:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 10: 91.9% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.033:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.24:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (if (<= delta -0.033)
         (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) (* (sin delta) (cos phi1))) (cos delta)))
         (if (<= delta 0.24)
           (+
            lambda1
            (atan2 (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) delta)) (pow (cos phi1) 2.0)))
           (+
            lambda1
            (atan2 (* (sin delta) (* (sin theta) (cos phi1))) (cos delta))))))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (delta <= -0.033) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
      	} else if (delta <= 0.24) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * delta)), pow(cos(phi1), 2.0));
      	} else {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
          real(8), intent (in) :: delta
          real(8), intent (in) :: theta
          real(8) :: tmp
          if (delta <= (-0.033d0)) then
              tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta))
          else if (delta <= 0.24d0) then
              tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * delta)), (cos(phi1) ** 2.0d0))
          else
              tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta))
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (delta <= -0.033) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.cos(phi1))), Math.cos(delta));
      	} else if (delta <= 0.24) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(theta) * delta)), Math.pow(Math.cos(phi1), 2.0));
      	} else {
      		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(delta) * (Math.sin(theta) * Math.cos(phi1))), Math.cos(delta));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
      	tmp = 0
      	if delta <= -0.033:
      		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * (math.sin(delta) * math.cos(phi1))), math.cos(delta))
      	elif delta <= 0.24:
      		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(theta) * delta)), math.pow(math.cos(phi1), 2.0))
      	else:
      		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(delta) * (math.sin(theta) * math.cos(phi1))), math.cos(delta))
      	return tmp
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (delta <= -0.033)
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta)));
      	elseif (delta <= 0.24)
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * delta)), (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0)));
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(delta) * Float64(sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta)));
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if (delta <= -0.033)
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
      	elseif (delta <= 0.24)
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * delta)), (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0));
      	else
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[LessEqual[delta, -0.033], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[delta, 0.24], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.033:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.24:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 3 regimes
      2. if delta < -0.033000000000000002

        1. Initial program 99.8%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-cos.f6490.1

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites90.1%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          2. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          3. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          4. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta} \]
          5. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta} \]
          6. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          7. lift-atan2.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta}} \]
          8. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1} \]
          9. lower-+.f6490.1

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1} \]
        7. Applied rewrites90.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1} \]

        if -0.033000000000000002 < delta < 0.23999999999999999

        1. Initial program 99.5%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          2. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          3. lower-sin.f6498.5

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites98.5%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
          2. lower-sin.f6498.5

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
        8. Applied rewrites98.5%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
          2. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
          3. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          4. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}} \]
          5. 1-sub-sinN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} \]
          6. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
          7. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}} \]
          8. pow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          9. lower-pow.f6498.9

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        10. Applied rewrites98.9%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]

        if 0.23999999999999999 < delta

        1. Initial program 99.7%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-cos.f6482.6

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites82.6%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          2. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          3. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta} \]
          4. associate-*l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
          5. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
          6. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          7. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          8. lower-*.f6482.6

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
        7. Applied rewrites82.6%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
      3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification92.1%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.033:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.24:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 11: 91.9% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.033:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.18 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (if (<= delta -0.033)
         (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) (* (sin delta) (cos phi1))) (cos delta)))
         (if (<= delta 1.18e-5)
           (+
            lambda1
            (atan2
             (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) delta))
             (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (+ phi1 phi1))))))
           (+
            lambda1
            (atan2 (* (sin delta) (* (sin theta) (cos phi1))) (cos delta))))))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (delta <= -0.033) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
      	} else if (delta <= 1.18e-5) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * delta)), (0.5 + (0.5 * cos((phi1 + phi1)))));
      	} else {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
          real(8), intent (in) :: delta
          real(8), intent (in) :: theta
          real(8) :: tmp
          if (delta <= (-0.033d0)) then
              tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta))
          else if (delta <= 1.18d-5) then
              tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * delta)), (0.5d0 + (0.5d0 * cos((phi1 + phi1)))))
          else
              tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta))
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (delta <= -0.033) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.cos(phi1))), Math.cos(delta));
      	} else if (delta <= 1.18e-5) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(theta) * delta)), (0.5 + (0.5 * Math.cos((phi1 + phi1)))));
      	} else {
      		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(delta) * (Math.sin(theta) * Math.cos(phi1))), Math.cos(delta));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
      	tmp = 0
      	if delta <= -0.033:
      		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * (math.sin(delta) * math.cos(phi1))), math.cos(delta))
      	elif delta <= 1.18e-5:
      		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(theta) * delta)), (0.5 + (0.5 * math.cos((phi1 + phi1)))))
      	else:
      		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(delta) * (math.sin(theta) * math.cos(phi1))), math.cos(delta))
      	return tmp
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (delta <= -0.033)
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta)));
      	elseif (delta <= 1.18e-5)
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * delta)), Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(phi1 + phi1))))));
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(delta) * Float64(sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta)));
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if (delta <= -0.033)
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
      	elseif (delta <= 1.18e-5)
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * delta)), (0.5 + (0.5 * cos((phi1 + phi1)))));
      	else
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[LessEqual[delta, -0.033], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[delta, 1.18e-5], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(phi1 + phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.033:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.18 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 3 regimes
      2. if delta < -0.033000000000000002

        1. Initial program 99.8%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-cos.f6490.1

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites90.1%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          2. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          3. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          4. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta} \]
          5. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta} \]
          6. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          7. lift-atan2.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta}} \]
          8. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1} \]
          9. lower-+.f6490.1

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1} \]
        7. Applied rewrites90.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1} \]

        if -0.033000000000000002 < delta < 1.18000000000000005e-5

        1. Initial program 99.5%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          2. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          3. lower-sin.f6499.2

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites99.2%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
          2. lower-sin.f6499.2

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
        8. Applied rewrites99.2%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
          2. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
          3. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
          4. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
          5. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
          6. lift-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          7. lift--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          8. lift-atan2.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          9. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} + \lambda_1} \]
          10. lower-+.f6499.2

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} + \lambda_1} \]
        10. Applied rewrites99.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)} + \lambda_1} \]

        if 1.18000000000000005e-5 < delta

        1. Initial program 99.7%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-cos.f6481.7

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites81.7%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          2. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          3. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta} \]
          4. associate-*l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
          5. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
          6. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          7. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          8. lower-*.f6481.7

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
        7. Applied rewrites81.7%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
      3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification92.0%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.033:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.18 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 12: 91.9% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.033:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.18 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_1
               (+
                lambda1
                (atan2 (* (sin delta) (* (sin theta) (cos phi1))) (cos delta)))))
         (if (<= delta -0.033)
           t_1
           (if (<= delta 1.18e-5)
             (+
              lambda1
              (atan2
               (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) delta))
               (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (+ phi1 phi1))))))
             t_1))))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
      	double tmp;
      	if (delta <= -0.033) {
      		tmp = t_1;
      	} else if (delta <= 1.18e-5) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * delta)), (0.5 + (0.5 * cos((phi1 + phi1)))));
      	} else {
      		tmp = t_1;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
          real(8), intent (in) :: delta
          real(8), intent (in) :: theta
          real(8) :: t_1
          real(8) :: tmp
          t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta))
          if (delta <= (-0.033d0)) then
              tmp = t_1
          else if (delta <= 1.18d-5) then
              tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * delta)), (0.5d0 + (0.5d0 * cos((phi1 + phi1)))))
          else
              tmp = t_1
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double t_1 = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(delta) * (Math.sin(theta) * Math.cos(phi1))), Math.cos(delta));
      	double tmp;
      	if (delta <= -0.033) {
      		tmp = t_1;
      	} else if (delta <= 1.18e-5) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(theta) * delta)), (0.5 + (0.5 * Math.cos((phi1 + phi1)))));
      	} else {
      		tmp = t_1;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
      	t_1 = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(delta) * (math.sin(theta) * math.cos(phi1))), math.cos(delta))
      	tmp = 0
      	if delta <= -0.033:
      		tmp = t_1
      	elif delta <= 1.18e-5:
      		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(theta) * delta)), (0.5 + (0.5 * math.cos((phi1 + phi1)))))
      	else:
      		tmp = t_1
      	return tmp
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	t_1 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(delta) * Float64(sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta)))
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (delta <= -0.033)
      		tmp = t_1;
      	elseif (delta <= 1.18e-5)
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * delta)), Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(phi1 + phi1))))));
      	else
      		tmp = t_1;
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if (delta <= -0.033)
      		tmp = t_1;
      	elseif (delta <= 1.18e-5)
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * delta)), (0.5 + (0.5 * cos((phi1 + phi1)))));
      	else
      		tmp = t_1;
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[delta, -0.033], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[delta, 1.18e-5], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(phi1 + phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\
      \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.033:\\
      \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.18 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if delta < -0.033000000000000002 or 1.18000000000000005e-5 < delta

        1. Initial program 99.8%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-cos.f6485.4

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites85.4%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          2. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          3. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta} \]
          4. associate-*l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
          5. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
          6. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          7. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          8. lower-*.f6485.4

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
        7. Applied rewrites85.4%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]

        if -0.033000000000000002 < delta < 1.18000000000000005e-5

        1. Initial program 99.5%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          2. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          3. lower-sin.f6499.2

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites99.2%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
          2. lower-sin.f6499.2

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
        8. Applied rewrites99.2%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
          2. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
          3. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
          4. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
          5. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
          6. lift-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          7. lift--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          8. lift-atan2.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          9. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} + \lambda_1} \]
          10. lower-+.f6499.2

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} + \lambda_1} \]
        10. Applied rewrites99.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)} + \lambda_1} \]
      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification92.0%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.033:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.18 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 13: 90.0% accurate, 3.1× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.037:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_1 (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos delta)))))
         (if (<= delta -0.037)
           t_1
           (if (<= delta 1.4e-5)
             (+
              lambda1
              (atan2
               (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) delta))
               (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (+ phi1 phi1))))))
             t_1))))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
      	double tmp;
      	if (delta <= -0.037) {
      		tmp = t_1;
      	} else if (delta <= 1.4e-5) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * delta)), (0.5 + (0.5 * cos((phi1 + phi1)))));
      	} else {
      		tmp = t_1;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
          real(8), intent (in) :: delta
          real(8), intent (in) :: theta
          real(8) :: t_1
          real(8) :: tmp
          t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta))
          if (delta <= (-0.037d0)) then
              tmp = t_1
          else if (delta <= 1.4d-5) then
              tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * delta)), (0.5d0 + (0.5d0 * cos((phi1 + phi1)))))
          else
              tmp = t_1
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double t_1 = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)), Math.cos(delta));
      	double tmp;
      	if (delta <= -0.037) {
      		tmp = t_1;
      	} else if (delta <= 1.4e-5) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(theta) * delta)), (0.5 + (0.5 * Math.cos((phi1 + phi1)))));
      	} else {
      		tmp = t_1;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
      	t_1 = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)), math.cos(delta))
      	tmp = 0
      	if delta <= -0.037:
      		tmp = t_1
      	elif delta <= 1.4e-5:
      		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(theta) * delta)), (0.5 + (0.5 * math.cos((phi1 + phi1)))))
      	else:
      		tmp = t_1
      	return tmp
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	t_1 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta)))
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (delta <= -0.037)
      		tmp = t_1;
      	elseif (delta <= 1.4e-5)
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * delta)), Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(phi1 + phi1))))));
      	else
      		tmp = t_1;
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if (delta <= -0.037)
      		tmp = t_1;
      	elseif (delta <= 1.4e-5)
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * delta)), (0.5 + (0.5 * cos((phi1 + phi1)))));
      	else
      		tmp = t_1;
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[delta, -0.037], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[delta, 1.4e-5], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(phi1 + phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\
      \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.037:\\
      \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if delta < -0.0369999999999999982 or 1.39999999999999998e-5 < delta

        1. Initial program 99.8%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-cos.f6485.4

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites85.4%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          2. lower-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
          3. lower-sin.f6483.9

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
        8. Applied rewrites83.9%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]

        if -0.0369999999999999982 < delta < 1.39999999999999998e-5

        1. Initial program 99.5%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          2. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          3. lower-sin.f6499.2

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites99.2%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
          2. lower-sin.f6499.2

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
        8. Applied rewrites99.2%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
          2. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
          3. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
          4. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
          5. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
          6. lift-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          7. lift--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          8. lift-atan2.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          9. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} + \lambda_1} \]
          10. lower-+.f6499.2

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} + \lambda_1} \]
        10. Applied rewrites99.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)} + \lambda_1} \]
      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification91.2%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.037:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 14: 86.7% accurate, 3.3× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos delta))))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	return lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
      }
      
      real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
          real(8), intent (in) :: delta
          real(8), intent (in) :: theta
          code = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta))
      end function
      
      public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)), Math.cos(delta));
      }
      
      def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
      	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)), math.cos(delta))
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta)))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.7%

        \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-cos.f6487.6

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites87.6%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
        2. lower-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
        3. lower-sin.f6486.5

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      8. Applied rewrites86.5%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      9. Final simplification86.5%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
      10. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 15: 81.2% accurate, 3.7× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\ \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -1.8:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{1}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 0.78:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, theta \cdot theta, 1\right) + \left(theta \cdot theta\right) \cdot \left(\left(theta \cdot theta\right) \cdot 0.008333333333333333\right)\right)\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, delta \cdot -0.5, 1\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_1 (* (sin theta) (sin delta))))
         (if (<= theta -1.8)
           (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 1.0))
           (if (<= theta 0.78)
             (+
              lambda1
              (atan2
               (*
                theta
                (*
                 (sin delta)
                 (+
                  (fma -0.16666666666666666 (* theta theta) 1.0)
                  (* (* theta theta) (* (* theta theta) 0.008333333333333333)))))
               (cos delta)))
             (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 (fma delta (* delta -0.5) 1.0)))))))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double t_1 = sin(theta) * sin(delta);
      	double tmp;
      	if (theta <= -1.8) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, 1.0);
      	} else if (theta <= 0.78) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((theta * (sin(delta) * (fma(-0.16666666666666666, (theta * theta), 1.0) + ((theta * theta) * ((theta * theta) * 0.008333333333333333))))), cos(delta));
      	} else {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, fma(delta, (delta * -0.5), 1.0));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	t_1 = Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (theta <= -1.8)
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, 1.0));
      	elseif (theta <= 0.78)
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(theta * Float64(sin(delta) * Float64(fma(-0.16666666666666666, Float64(theta * theta), 1.0) + Float64(Float64(theta * theta) * Float64(Float64(theta * theta) * 0.008333333333333333))))), cos(delta)));
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, fma(delta, Float64(delta * -0.5), 1.0)));
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[theta, -1.8], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / 1.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[theta, 0.78], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(theta * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-0.16666666666666666 * N[(theta * theta), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(theta * theta), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(theta * theta), $MachinePrecision] * 0.008333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[(delta * N[(delta * -0.5), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_1 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\
      \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -1.8:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{1}\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 0.78:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, theta \cdot theta, 1\right) + \left(theta \cdot theta\right) \cdot \left(\left(theta \cdot theta\right) \cdot 0.008333333333333333\right)\right)\right)}{\cos delta}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, delta \cdot -0.5, 1\right)}\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 3 regimes
      2. if theta < -1.80000000000000004

        1. Initial program 99.9%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-cos.f6489.5

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites89.5%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          2. lower-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
          3. lower-sin.f6488.8

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
        8. Applied rewrites88.8%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
        9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{1}} \]
        10. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites76.7%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{1}} \]

          if -1.80000000000000004 < theta < 0.78000000000000003

          1. Initial program 99.8%

            \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-cos.f6490.6

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          5. Applied rewrites90.6%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            2. lower-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
            3. lower-sin.f6489.5

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          8. Applied rewrites89.5%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \left(\sin delta + {theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \sin delta + \frac{1}{120} \cdot \left({theta}^{2} \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
          10. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \left(\sin delta + {theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \sin delta + \frac{1}{120} \cdot \left({theta}^{2} \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
            2. distribute-lft-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\sin delta + \color{blue}{\left({theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \sin delta\right) + {theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} \cdot \left({theta}^{2} \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)}\right)}{\cos delta} \]
            3. associate-+r+N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin delta + {theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) + {theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} \cdot \left({theta}^{2} \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
            4. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\left(\sin delta + \color{blue}{\left({theta}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{6}\right) \cdot \sin delta}\right) + {theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} \cdot \left({theta}^{2} \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)}{\cos delta} \]
            5. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\left(\sin delta + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2}\right)} \cdot \sin delta\right) + {theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} \cdot \left({theta}^{2} \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)}{\cos delta} \]
            6. distribute-rgt1-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2} + 1\right) \cdot \sin delta} + {theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} \cdot \left({theta}^{2} \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)}{\cos delta} \]
            7. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2} + 1\right) \cdot \sin delta + {theta}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{120} \cdot {theta}^{2}\right) \cdot \sin delta\right)}\right)}{\cos delta} \]
            8. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2} + 1\right) \cdot \sin delta + \color{blue}{\left({theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} \cdot {theta}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin delta}\right)}{\cos delta} \]
            9. distribute-rgt-outN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2} + 1\right) + {theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} \cdot {theta}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
            10. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2} + 1\right) + {theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} \cdot {theta}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
            11. lower-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2} + 1\right) + {theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} \cdot {theta}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}{\cos delta} \]
            12. lower-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2} + 1\right) + {theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} \cdot {theta}^{2}\right)\right)}\right)}{\cos delta} \]
          11. Applied rewrites89.5%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, theta \cdot theta, 1\right) + \left(theta \cdot theta\right) \cdot \left(\left(theta \cdot theta\right) \cdot 0.008333333333333333\right)\right)\right)}}{\cos delta} \]

          if 0.78000000000000003 < theta

          1. Initial program 99.0%

            \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-cos.f6478.7

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          5. Applied rewrites78.7%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            2. lower-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
            3. lower-sin.f6477.0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          8. Applied rewrites77.0%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot {delta}^{2}}} \]
          10. Step-by-step derivation
            1. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot {delta}^{2} + 1}} \]
            2. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{{delta}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} + 1} \]
            3. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot delta\right)} \cdot \frac{-1}{2} + 1} \]
            4. associate-*l*N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{delta \cdot \left(delta \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)} + 1} \]
            5. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot delta\right)} + 1} \]
            6. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot delta, 1\right)}} \]
            7. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, \color{blue}{delta \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}, 1\right)} \]
            8. lower-*.f6464.3

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, \color{blue}{delta \cdot -0.5}, 1\right)} \]
          11. Applied rewrites64.3%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, delta \cdot -0.5, 1\right)}} \]
        11. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
        12. Final simplification80.4%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -1.8:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{1}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 0.78:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, theta \cdot theta, 1\right) + \left(theta \cdot theta\right) \cdot \left(\left(theta \cdot theta\right) \cdot 0.008333333333333333\right)\right)\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, delta \cdot -0.5, 1\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
        13. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 16: 81.2% accurate, 4.0× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\ \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -1.8:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{1}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 0.315:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(theta, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(theta \cdot theta\right), theta\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, delta \cdot -0.5, 1\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
         :precision binary64
         (let* ((t_1 (* (sin theta) (sin delta))))
           (if (<= theta -1.8)
             (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 1.0))
             (if (<= theta 0.315)
               (+
                lambda1
                (atan2
                 (*
                  (sin delta)
                  (fma theta (* -0.16666666666666666 (* theta theta)) theta))
                 (cos delta)))
               (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 (fma delta (* delta -0.5) 1.0)))))))
        double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	double t_1 = sin(theta) * sin(delta);
        	double tmp;
        	if (theta <= -1.8) {
        		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, 1.0);
        	} else if (theta <= 0.315) {
        		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * fma(theta, (-0.16666666666666666 * (theta * theta)), theta)), cos(delta));
        	} else {
        		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, fma(delta, (delta * -0.5), 1.0));
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	t_1 = Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (theta <= -1.8)
        		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, 1.0));
        	elseif (theta <= 0.315)
        		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(delta) * fma(theta, Float64(-0.16666666666666666 * Float64(theta * theta)), theta)), cos(delta)));
        	else
        		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, fma(delta, Float64(delta * -0.5), 1.0)));
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[theta, -1.8], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / 1.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[theta, 0.315], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(theta * N[(-0.16666666666666666 * N[(theta * theta), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + theta), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[(delta * N[(delta * -0.5), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        t_1 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\
        \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -1.8:\\
        \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{1}\\
        
        \mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 0.315:\\
        \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(theta, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(theta \cdot theta\right), theta\right)}{\cos delta}\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, delta \cdot -0.5, 1\right)}\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 3 regimes
        2. if theta < -1.80000000000000004

          1. Initial program 99.9%

            \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-cos.f6489.5

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          5. Applied rewrites89.5%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            2. lower-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
            3. lower-sin.f6488.8

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          8. Applied rewrites88.8%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{1}} \]
          10. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites76.7%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{1}} \]

            if -1.80000000000000004 < theta < 0.315000000000000002

            1. Initial program 99.8%

              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-cos.f6490.6

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            5. Applied rewrites90.6%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
              3. lower-sin.f6489.5

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            8. Applied rewrites89.5%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \left(\sin delta + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left({theta}^{2} \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
            10. Step-by-step derivation
              1. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left({theta}^{2} \cdot \sin delta\right) + \sin delta\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
              2. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left({theta}^{2} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{6}} + \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta} \]
              3. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \frac{-1}{6}\right)} + \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta} \]
              4. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left({theta}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \sin delta\right)} + \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta} \]
              5. distribute-lft-inN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \left({theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) + theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
              6. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left({theta}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{6}\right) \cdot \sin delta\right)} + theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
              7. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2}\right)} \cdot \sin delta\right) + theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
              8. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin delta} + theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
              9. distribute-rgt-outN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \left(theta \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2}\right) + theta\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
              10. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \left(theta \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2}\right) + theta\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
              11. lower-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \left(theta \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2}\right) + theta\right)}{\cos delta} \]
              12. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(theta, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2}, theta\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
              13. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(theta, \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2}}, theta\right)}{\cos delta} \]
              14. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(theta, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot theta\right)}, theta\right)}{\cos delta} \]
              15. lower-*.f6489.3

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(theta, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot theta\right)}, theta\right)}{\cos delta} \]
            11. Applied rewrites89.3%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(theta, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(theta \cdot theta\right), theta\right)}}{\cos delta} \]

            if 0.315000000000000002 < theta

            1. Initial program 99.0%

              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-cos.f6478.7

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            5. Applied rewrites78.7%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
              3. lower-sin.f6477.0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            8. Applied rewrites77.0%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot {delta}^{2}}} \]
            10. Step-by-step derivation
              1. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot {delta}^{2} + 1}} \]
              2. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{{delta}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} + 1} \]
              3. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot delta\right)} \cdot \frac{-1}{2} + 1} \]
              4. associate-*l*N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{delta \cdot \left(delta \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)} + 1} \]
              5. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot delta\right)} + 1} \]
              6. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot delta, 1\right)}} \]
              7. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, \color{blue}{delta \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}, 1\right)} \]
              8. lower-*.f6464.3

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, \color{blue}{delta \cdot -0.5}, 1\right)} \]
            11. Applied rewrites64.3%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, delta \cdot -0.5, 1\right)}} \]
          11. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
          12. Final simplification80.3%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -1.8:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{1}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 0.315:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(theta, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(theta \cdot theta\right), theta\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, delta \cdot -0.5, 1\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
          13. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 17: 81.2% accurate, 4.0× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\ \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -1.8:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{1}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 0.064:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, delta \cdot -0.5, 1\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
           :precision binary64
           (let* ((t_1 (* (sin theta) (sin delta))))
             (if (<= theta -1.8)
               (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 1.0))
               (if (<= theta 0.064)
                 (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* theta (sin delta)) (cos delta)))
                 (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 (fma delta (* delta -0.5) 1.0)))))))
          double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
          	double t_1 = sin(theta) * sin(delta);
          	double tmp;
          	if (theta <= -1.8) {
          		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, 1.0);
          	} else if (theta <= 0.064) {
          		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
          	} else {
          		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, fma(delta, (delta * -0.5), 1.0));
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          	t_1 = Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (theta <= -1.8)
          		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, 1.0));
          	elseif (theta <= 0.064)
          		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta)));
          	else
          		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, fma(delta, Float64(delta * -0.5), 1.0)));
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[theta, -1.8], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / 1.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[theta, 0.064], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(theta * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[(delta * N[(delta * -0.5), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          t_1 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\
          \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -1.8:\\
          \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{1}\\
          
          \mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 0.064:\\
          \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, delta \cdot -0.5, 1\right)}\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 3 regimes
          2. if theta < -1.80000000000000004

            1. Initial program 99.9%

              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-cos.f6489.5

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            5. Applied rewrites89.5%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
              3. lower-sin.f6488.8

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            8. Applied rewrites88.8%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{1}} \]
            10. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites76.7%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{1}} \]

              if -1.80000000000000004 < theta < 0.064000000000000001

              1. Initial program 99.8%

                \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-cos.f6490.6

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites90.6%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                3. lower-sin.f6489.5

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              8. Applied rewrites89.5%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
              10. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                2. lower-sin.f6489.1

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
              11. Applied rewrites89.1%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]

              if 0.064000000000000001 < theta

              1. Initial program 99.0%

                \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-cos.f6478.7

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites78.7%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                3. lower-sin.f6477.0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              8. Applied rewrites77.0%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot {delta}^{2}}} \]
              10. Step-by-step derivation
                1. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot {delta}^{2} + 1}} \]
                2. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{{delta}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} + 1} \]
                3. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot delta\right)} \cdot \frac{-1}{2} + 1} \]
                4. associate-*l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{delta \cdot \left(delta \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)} + 1} \]
                5. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot delta\right)} + 1} \]
                6. lower-fma.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot delta, 1\right)}} \]
                7. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, \color{blue}{delta \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}, 1\right)} \]
                8. lower-*.f6464.3

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, \color{blue}{delta \cdot -0.5}, 1\right)} \]
              11. Applied rewrites64.3%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, delta \cdot -0.5, 1\right)}} \]
            11. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
            12. Final simplification80.2%

              \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -1.8:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{1}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 0.064:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta, delta \cdot -0.5, 1\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
            13. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 18: 80.9% accurate, 4.2× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{1}\\ \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -1.8:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-28}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
             :precision binary64
             (let* ((t_1 (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) 1.0))))
               (if (<= theta -1.8)
                 t_1
                 (if (<= theta 1.4e-28)
                   (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* theta (sin delta)) (cos delta)))
                   t_1))))
            double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
            	double t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), 1.0);
            	double tmp;
            	if (theta <= -1.8) {
            		tmp = t_1;
            	} else if (theta <= 1.4e-28) {
            		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
            	} else {
            		tmp = t_1;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
                real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
                real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
                real(8), intent (in) :: delta
                real(8), intent (in) :: theta
                real(8) :: t_1
                real(8) :: tmp
                t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), 1.0d0)
                if (theta <= (-1.8d0)) then
                    tmp = t_1
                else if (theta <= 1.4d-28) then
                    tmp = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta))
                else
                    tmp = t_1
                end if
                code = tmp
            end function
            
            public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
            	double t_1 = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)), 1.0);
            	double tmp;
            	if (theta <= -1.8) {
            		tmp = t_1;
            	} else if (theta <= 1.4e-28) {
            		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((theta * Math.sin(delta)), Math.cos(delta));
            	} else {
            		tmp = t_1;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
            	t_1 = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)), 1.0)
            	tmp = 0
            	if theta <= -1.8:
            		tmp = t_1
            	elif theta <= 1.4e-28:
            		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((theta * math.sin(delta)), math.cos(delta))
            	else:
            		tmp = t_1
            	return tmp
            
            function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
            	t_1 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)), 1.0))
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if (theta <= -1.8)
            		tmp = t_1;
            	elseif (theta <= 1.4e-28)
            		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta)));
            	else
            		tmp = t_1;
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
            	t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), 1.0);
            	tmp = 0.0;
            	if (theta <= -1.8)
            		tmp = t_1;
            	elseif (theta <= 1.4e-28)
            		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
            	else
            		tmp = t_1;
            	end
            	tmp_2 = tmp;
            end
            
            code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 1.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[theta, -1.8], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[theta, 1.4e-28], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(theta * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{1}\\
            \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -1.8:\\
            \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
            
            \mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-28}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if theta < -1.80000000000000004 or 1.3999999999999999e-28 < theta

              1. Initial program 99.5%

                \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-cos.f6484.5

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites84.5%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                3. lower-sin.f6483.4

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              8. Applied rewrites83.4%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{1}} \]
              10. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites71.4%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{1}} \]

                if -1.80000000000000004 < theta < 1.3999999999999999e-28

                1. Initial program 99.8%

                  \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-cos.f6490.9

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                5. Applied rewrites90.9%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                  3. lower-sin.f6489.7

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                8. Applied rewrites89.7%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                10. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  2. lower-sin.f6489.3

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                11. Applied rewrites89.3%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
              11. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
              12. Final simplification80.2%

                \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -1.8:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{1}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-28}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{1}\\ \end{array} \]
              13. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 19: 80.4% accurate, 4.2× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.55 \cdot 10^{+43}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.0146:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
               :precision binary64
               (let* ((t_1 (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* theta (sin delta)) (cos delta)))))
                 (if (<= delta -1.55e+43)
                   t_1
                   (if (<= delta 0.0146)
                     (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) delta) (cos delta)))
                     t_1))))
              double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
              	double t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
              	double tmp;
              	if (delta <= -1.55e+43) {
              		tmp = t_1;
              	} else if (delta <= 0.0146) {
              		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta));
              	} else {
              		tmp = t_1;
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
                  real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
                  real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
                  real(8), intent (in) :: delta
                  real(8), intent (in) :: theta
                  real(8) :: t_1
                  real(8) :: tmp
                  t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta))
                  if (delta <= (-1.55d+43)) then
                      tmp = t_1
                  else if (delta <= 0.0146d0) then
                      tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta))
                  else
                      tmp = t_1
                  end if
                  code = tmp
              end function
              
              public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
              	double t_1 = lambda1 + Math.atan2((theta * Math.sin(delta)), Math.cos(delta));
              	double tmp;
              	if (delta <= -1.55e+43) {
              		tmp = t_1;
              	} else if (delta <= 0.0146) {
              		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * delta), Math.cos(delta));
              	} else {
              		tmp = t_1;
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
              	t_1 = lambda1 + math.atan2((theta * math.sin(delta)), math.cos(delta))
              	tmp = 0
              	if delta <= -1.55e+43:
              		tmp = t_1
              	elif delta <= 0.0146:
              		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * delta), math.cos(delta))
              	else:
              		tmp = t_1
              	return tmp
              
              function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
              	t_1 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta)))
              	tmp = 0.0
              	if (delta <= -1.55e+43)
              		tmp = t_1;
              	elseif (delta <= 0.0146)
              		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta)));
              	else
              		tmp = t_1;
              	end
              	return tmp
              end
              
              function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
              	t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
              	tmp = 0.0;
              	if (delta <= -1.55e+43)
              		tmp = t_1;
              	elseif (delta <= 0.0146)
              		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta));
              	else
              		tmp = t_1;
              	end
              	tmp_2 = tmp;
              end
              
              code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(theta * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[delta, -1.55e+43], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[delta, 0.0146], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \begin{array}{l}
              t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\
              \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.55 \cdot 10^{+43}:\\
              \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
              
              \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.0146:\\
              \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\
              
              \mathbf{else}:\\
              \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
              
              
              \end{array}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Split input into 2 regimes
              2. if delta < -1.5500000000000001e43 or 0.0146000000000000001 < delta

                1. Initial program 99.8%

                  \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-cos.f6485.0

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                5. Applied rewrites85.0%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                  3. lower-sin.f6483.4

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                8. Applied rewrites83.4%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                10. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  2. lower-sin.f6470.4

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                11. Applied rewrites70.4%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]

                if -1.5500000000000001e43 < delta < 0.0146000000000000001

                1. Initial program 99.6%

                  \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-cos.f6490.1

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                5. Applied rewrites90.1%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                  3. lower-sin.f6489.4

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                8. Applied rewrites89.4%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                10. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  2. lower-sin.f6488.1

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                11. Applied rewrites88.1%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
              4. Final simplification79.5%

                \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.55 \cdot 10^{+43}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.0146:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
              5. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 20: 74.4% accurate, 5.8× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta \cdot delta, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.041666666666666664, delta \cdot delta, -0.5\right), 1\right)} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
               :precision binary64
               (+
                lambda1
                (atan2
                 (* (sin theta) delta)
                 (fma (* delta delta) (fma 0.041666666666666664 (* delta delta) -0.5) 1.0))))
              double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
              	return lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), fma((delta * delta), fma(0.041666666666666664, (delta * delta), -0.5), 1.0));
              }
              
              function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
              	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * delta), fma(Float64(delta * delta), fma(0.041666666666666664, Float64(delta * delta), -0.5), 1.0)))
              end
              
              code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(delta * delta), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.041666666666666664 * N[(delta * delta), $MachinePrecision] + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta \cdot delta, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.041666666666666664, delta \cdot delta, -0.5\right), 1\right)}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Initial program 99.7%

                \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-cos.f6487.6

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites87.6%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                3. lower-sin.f6486.5

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              8. Applied rewrites86.5%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              10. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                2. lower-sin.f6470.7

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              11. Applied rewrites70.7%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              12. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{1 + {delta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{24} \cdot {delta}^{2} - \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \]
              13. Step-by-step derivation
                1. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{{delta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{24} \cdot {delta}^{2} - \frac{1}{2}\right) + 1}} \]
                2. lower-fma.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({delta}^{2}, \frac{1}{24} \cdot {delta}^{2} - \frac{1}{2}, 1\right)}} \]
                3. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{delta \cdot delta}, \frac{1}{24} \cdot {delta}^{2} - \frac{1}{2}, 1\right)} \]
                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{delta \cdot delta}, \frac{1}{24} \cdot {delta}^{2} - \frac{1}{2}, 1\right)} \]
                5. sub-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta \cdot delta, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{24} \cdot {delta}^{2} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}, 1\right)} \]
                6. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta \cdot delta, \frac{1}{24} \cdot {delta}^{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}, 1\right)} \]
                7. lower-fma.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta \cdot delta, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{24}, {delta}^{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right)}, 1\right)} \]
                8. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta \cdot delta, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{24}, \color{blue}{delta \cdot delta}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), 1\right)} \]
                9. lower-*.f6472.5

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \sin theta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta \cdot delta, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.041666666666666664, \color{blue}{delta \cdot delta}, -0.5\right), 1\right)} \]
              14. Applied rewrites72.5%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta \cdot delta, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.041666666666666664, delta \cdot delta, -0.5\right), 1\right)}} \]
              15. Final simplification72.5%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta \cdot delta, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.041666666666666664, delta \cdot delta, -0.5\right), 1\right)} \]
              16. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 21: 73.4% accurate, 6.4× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{1} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
               :precision binary64
               (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) delta) 1.0)))
              double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
              	return lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), 1.0);
              }
              
              real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
                  real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
                  real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
                  real(8), intent (in) :: delta
                  real(8), intent (in) :: theta
                  code = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), 1.0d0)
              end function
              
              public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
              	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * delta), 1.0);
              }
              
              def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
              	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * delta), 1.0)
              
              function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
              	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * delta), 1.0))
              end
              
              function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
              	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), 1.0);
              end
              
              code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision] / 1.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{1}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Initial program 99.7%

                \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-cos.f6487.6

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites87.6%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                3. lower-sin.f6486.5

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              8. Applied rewrites86.5%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              10. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                2. lower-sin.f6470.7

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              11. Applied rewrites70.7%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              12. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{1}} \]
              13. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites69.9%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{1}} \]
                2. Final simplification69.9%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{1} \]
                3. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 22: 67.0% accurate, 6.4× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta} \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                 :precision binary64
                 (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* theta delta) (cos delta))))
                double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                	return lambda1 + atan2((theta * delta), cos(delta));
                }
                
                real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
                    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
                    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
                    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
                    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
                    code = lambda1 + atan2((theta * delta), cos(delta))
                end function
                
                public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((theta * delta), Math.cos(delta));
                }
                
                def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
                	return lambda1 + math.atan2((theta * delta), math.cos(delta))
                
                function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(theta * delta), cos(delta)))
                end
                
                function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((theta * delta), cos(delta));
                end
                
                code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(theta * delta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Initial program 99.7%

                  \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-cos.f6487.6

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                5. Applied rewrites87.6%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                  3. lower-sin.f6486.5

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                8. Applied rewrites86.5%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                10. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  2. lower-sin.f6470.7

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                11. Applied rewrites70.7%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                12. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{delta \cdot theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                13. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-*.f6462.1

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{delta \cdot theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                14. Applied rewrites62.1%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{delta \cdot theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                15. Final simplification62.1%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta} \]
                16. Add Preprocessing

                Reproduce

                ?
                herbie shell --seed 2024216 
                (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                  :name "Destination given bearing on a great circle"
                  :precision binary64
                  (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1)) (- (cos delta) (* (sin phi1) (sin (asin (+ (* (sin phi1) (cos delta)) (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))