Destination given bearing on a great circle

Percentage Accurate: 99.8% → 99.8%
Time: 19.2s
Alternatives: 17
Speedup: 1.2×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
   (-
    (cos delta)
    (*
     (sin phi1)
     (sin
      (asin
       (+
        (* (sin phi1) (cos delta))
        (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(delta) - (Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(Math.asin(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.cos(delta)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(theta))))))));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(delta) - (math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(math.asin(((math.sin(phi1) * math.cos(delta)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(theta))))))))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 17 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
   (-
    (cos delta)
    (*
     (sin phi1)
     (sin
      (asin
       (+
        (* (sin phi1) (cos delta))
        (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(delta) - (Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(Math.asin(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.cos(delta)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(theta))))))));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(delta) - (math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(math.asin(((math.sin(phi1) * math.cos(delta)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(theta))))))))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.8% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos theta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} + \lambda_1 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  (atan2
   (* (sin theta) (* (sin delta) (cos phi1)))
   (fma
    (fma (sin delta) (* (cos phi1) (cos theta)) (* (cos delta) (sin phi1)))
    (- (sin phi1))
    (cos delta)))
  lambda1))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), fma(fma(sin(delta), (cos(phi1) * cos(theta)), (cos(delta) * sin(phi1))), -sin(phi1), cos(delta))) + lambda1;
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(atan(Float64(sin(theta) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), fma(fma(sin(delta), Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(theta)), Float64(cos(delta) * sin(phi1))), Float64(-sin(phi1)), cos(delta))) + lambda1)
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * (-N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]) + N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos theta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} + \lambda_1
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.7%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    2. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    3. lift-asin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    4. sin-asinN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    6. lower-*.f6499.7

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.7%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta, \cos theta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} + \lambda_1} \]
  6. Final simplification99.7%

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos theta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} + \lambda_1 \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.8% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta)))
   (-
    (cos delta)
    (*
     (sin phi1)
     (fma
      (sin phi1)
      (cos delta)
      (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (cos theta)))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), (cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * cos(theta)))))));
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(theta))))))))
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.7%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    2. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    3. lift-asin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    4. sin-asinN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    6. lower-*.f6499.7

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.7%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
  5. Final simplification99.7%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right)} \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 94.6% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (sin theta) (* (sin delta) (cos phi1)))
   (fma
    (fma (cos phi1) (sin delta) (* (cos delta) (sin phi1)))
    (- (sin phi1))
    (cos delta)))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), fma(fma(cos(phi1), sin(delta), (cos(delta) * sin(phi1))), -sin(phi1), cos(delta)));
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), fma(fma(cos(phi1), sin(delta), Float64(cos(delta) * sin(phi1))), Float64(-sin(phi1)), cos(delta))))
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * (-N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]) + N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.7%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    2. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    3. lift-asin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    4. sin-asinN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    6. lower-*.f6499.7

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.7%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta, \cos theta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} + \lambda_1} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos delta + -1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}} + \lambda_1 \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) + \cos delta}} + \lambda_1 \]
    2. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)} + \cos delta} + \lambda_1 \]
    3. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)\right) + \cos delta} + \lambda_1 \]
    4. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)\right)} + \cos delta} + \lambda_1 \]
    5. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)}} + \lambda_1 \]
    6. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} + \lambda_1 \]
    7. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} + \lambda_1 \]
    8. lower-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} + \lambda_1 \]
    9. lower-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{\sin delta}, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} + \lambda_1 \]
    10. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \color{blue}{\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} + \lambda_1 \]
    11. lower-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \color{blue}{\cos delta} \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} + \lambda_1 \]
    12. lower-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} + \lambda_1 \]
    13. lower-neg.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)}, \cos delta\right)} + \lambda_1 \]
    14. lower-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}\right), \cos delta\right)} + \lambda_1 \]
    15. lower-cos.f6495.2

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}\right)} + \lambda_1 \]
  8. Applied rewrites95.2%

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}} + \lambda_1 \]
  9. Final simplification95.2%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 94.6% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta)))
   (fma
    (fma (cos phi1) (sin delta) (* (cos delta) (sin phi1)))
    (- (sin phi1))
    (cos delta)))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), fma(fma(cos(phi1), sin(delta), (cos(delta) * sin(phi1))), -sin(phi1), cos(delta)));
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))), fma(fma(cos(phi1), sin(delta), Float64(cos(delta) * sin(phi1))), Float64(-sin(phi1)), cos(delta))))
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * (-N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]) + N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.7%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    2. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    3. lift-asin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    4. sin-asinN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    6. lower-*.f6499.7

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.7%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    2. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right) + \cos delta}} \]
    3. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)\right) + \cos delta} \]
    4. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)\right)} + \cos delta} \]
    5. neg-mul-1N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} + \cos delta} \]
    6. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta, -1 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}} \]
  7. Applied rewrites95.1%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}} \]
  8. Final simplification95.1%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 94.5% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -2.2 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 0.00115:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, theta \cdot theta, 1\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1
         (+
          lambda1
          (atan2
           (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta)))
           (- (cos delta) (pow (sin phi1) 2.0))))))
   (if (<= theta -2.2e-6)
     t_1
     (if (<= theta 0.00115)
       (+
        lambda1
        (atan2
         (*
          theta
          (*
           (* (sin delta) (cos phi1))
           (fma -0.16666666666666666 (* theta theta) 1.0)))
         (fma
          (fma (cos phi1) (sin delta) (* (cos delta) (sin phi1)))
          (- (sin phi1))
          (cos delta))))
       t_1))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	double t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), (cos(delta) - pow(sin(phi1), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (theta <= -2.2e-6) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else if (theta <= 0.00115) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((theta * ((sin(delta) * cos(phi1)) * fma(-0.16666666666666666, (theta * theta), 1.0))), fma(fma(cos(phi1), sin(delta), (cos(delta) * sin(phi1))), -sin(phi1), cos(delta)));
	} else {
		tmp = t_1;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	t_1 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))), Float64(cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (theta <= -2.2e-6)
		tmp = t_1;
	elseif (theta <= 0.00115)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(theta * Float64(Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1)) * fma(-0.16666666666666666, Float64(theta * theta), 1.0))), fma(fma(cos(phi1), sin(delta), Float64(cos(delta) * sin(phi1))), Float64(-sin(phi1)), cos(delta))));
	else
		tmp = t_1;
	end
	return tmp
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[theta, -2.2e-6], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[theta, 0.00115], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(theta * N[(N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-0.16666666666666666 * N[(theta * theta), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * (-N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]) + N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}\\
\mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -2.2 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1\\

\mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 0.00115:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, theta \cdot theta, 1\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if theta < -2.2000000000000001e-6 or 0.00115 < theta

    1. Initial program 99.4%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
      2. lower-sin.f6490.5

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites90.5%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]

    if -2.2000000000000001e-6 < theta < 0.00115

    1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-cos.f6491.1

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites91.1%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      2. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
      3. lower-sin.f6490.0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    8. Applied rewrites90.0%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\cos delta + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)}} \]
      2. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}} \]
      3. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) + \cos delta}} \]
      4. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)} + \cos delta} \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)\right) + \cos delta} \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)\right)} + \cos delta} \]
      7. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)}} \]
    11. Applied rewrites92.6%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}} \]
    12. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left({theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
    13. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left({theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      2. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      3. distribute-lft1-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2} + 1\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      4. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      5. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      6. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2} + 1\right)} \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      7. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{6}, {theta}^{2}, 1\right)} \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      8. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{6}, \color{blue}{theta \cdot theta}, 1\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      9. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{6}, \color{blue}{theta \cdot theta}, 1\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{6}, theta \cdot theta, 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      11. lower-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{6}, theta \cdot theta, 1\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      12. lower-sin.f6499.9

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, theta \cdot theta, 1\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} \]
    14. Applied rewrites99.9%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, theta \cdot theta, 1\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification95.2%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -2.2 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 0.00115:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \left(\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, theta \cdot theta, 1\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 94.5% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -2.2 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 2.3 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1
         (+
          lambda1
          (atan2
           (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta)))
           (- (cos delta) (pow (sin phi1) 2.0))))))
   (if (<= theta -2.2e-6)
     t_1
     (if (<= theta 2.3e-5)
       (+
        lambda1
        (atan2
         (* (sin delta) (* theta (cos phi1)))
         (fma
          (fma (cos phi1) (sin delta) (* (cos delta) (sin phi1)))
          (- (sin phi1))
          (cos delta))))
       t_1))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	double t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), (cos(delta) - pow(sin(phi1), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (theta <= -2.2e-6) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else if (theta <= 2.3e-5) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (theta * cos(phi1))), fma(fma(cos(phi1), sin(delta), (cos(delta) * sin(phi1))), -sin(phi1), cos(delta)));
	} else {
		tmp = t_1;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	t_1 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))), Float64(cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (theta <= -2.2e-6)
		tmp = t_1;
	elseif (theta <= 2.3e-5)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(delta) * Float64(theta * cos(phi1))), fma(fma(cos(phi1), sin(delta), Float64(cos(delta) * sin(phi1))), Float64(-sin(phi1)), cos(delta))));
	else
		tmp = t_1;
	end
	return tmp
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[theta, -2.2e-6], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[theta, 2.3e-5], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(theta * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * (-N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]) + N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}\\
\mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -2.2 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1\\

\mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 2.3 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if theta < -2.2000000000000001e-6 or 2.3e-5 < theta

    1. Initial program 99.4%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
      2. lower-sin.f6490.5

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites90.5%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]

    if -2.2000000000000001e-6 < theta < 2.3e-5

    1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-cos.f6491.1

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites91.1%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      2. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
      3. lower-sin.f6490.0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    8. Applied rewrites90.0%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\cos delta + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)}} \]
      2. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}} \]
      3. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) + \cos delta}} \]
      4. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)} + \cos delta} \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)\right) + \cos delta} \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)\right)} + \cos delta} \]
      7. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)}} \]
    11. Applied rewrites92.6%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}} \]
    12. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
    13. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      3. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin delta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      4. lower-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin delta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      5. lower-sin.f6499.8

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} \]
    14. Applied rewrites99.8%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification95.2%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -2.2 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 2.3 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 91.5% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\ \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{+48}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot t\_1}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (* (sin theta) (sin delta))))
   (if (<= delta 7.2e+48)
     (+
      lambda1
      (atan2 (* (cos phi1) t_1) (- (cos delta) (pow (sin phi1) 2.0))))
     (+
      lambda1
      (atan2
       t_1
       (fma
        (fma (cos phi1) (sin delta) (* (cos delta) (sin phi1)))
        (- (sin phi1))
        (cos delta)))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	double t_1 = sin(theta) * sin(delta);
	double tmp;
	if (delta <= 7.2e+48) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * t_1), (cos(delta) - pow(sin(phi1), 2.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, fma(fma(cos(phi1), sin(delta), (cos(delta) * sin(phi1))), -sin(phi1), cos(delta)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	t_1 = Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (delta <= 7.2e+48)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * t_1), Float64(cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ^ 2.0))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, fma(fma(cos(phi1), sin(delta), Float64(cos(delta) * sin(phi1))), Float64(-sin(phi1)), cos(delta))));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[delta, 7.2e+48], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * (-N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]) + N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\
\mathbf{if}\;delta \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{+48}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot t\_1}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if delta < 7.19999999999999967e48

    1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
      2. lower-sin.f6495.1

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites95.1%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]

    if 7.19999999999999967e48 < delta

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-cos.f6481.6

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites81.6%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      2. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
      3. lower-sin.f6480.8

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    8. Applied rewrites80.8%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\cos delta + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)}} \]
      2. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}} \]
      3. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) + \cos delta}} \]
      4. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)} + \cos delta} \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)\right) + \cos delta} \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)\right)} + \cos delta} \]
      7. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta, \mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)}} \]
    11. Applied rewrites86.1%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification92.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{+48}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin delta, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -\sin \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 92.3% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta)))
   (- (cos delta) (pow (sin phi1) 2.0)))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), (cos(delta) - pow(sin(phi1), 2.0)));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ** 2.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta))), (Math.cos(delta) - Math.pow(Math.sin(phi1), 2.0)));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta))), (math.cos(delta) - math.pow(math.sin(phi1), 2.0)))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))), Float64(cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ^ 2.0))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ^ 2.0)));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.7%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-pow.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
    2. lower-sin.f6491.1

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
  5. Applied rewrites91.1%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
  6. Final simplification91.1%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 91.9% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.033:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.24:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= delta -0.033)
   (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) (* (sin delta) (cos phi1))) (cos delta)))
   (if (<= delta 0.24)
     (+
      lambda1
      (atan2 (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta))) (pow (cos phi1) 2.0)))
     (+
      lambda1
      (atan2 (* (sin delta) (* (sin theta) (cos phi1))) (cos delta))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	double tmp;
	if (delta <= -0.033) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
	} else if (delta <= 0.24) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), pow(cos(phi1), 2.0));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (delta <= (-0.033d0)) then
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta))
    else if (delta <= 0.24d0) then
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), (cos(phi1) ** 2.0d0))
    else
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	double tmp;
	if (delta <= -0.033) {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.cos(phi1))), Math.cos(delta));
	} else if (delta <= 0.24) {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta))), Math.pow(Math.cos(phi1), 2.0));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(delta) * (Math.sin(theta) * Math.cos(phi1))), Math.cos(delta));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	tmp = 0
	if delta <= -0.033:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * (math.sin(delta) * math.cos(phi1))), math.cos(delta))
	elif delta <= 0.24:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta))), math.pow(math.cos(phi1), 2.0))
	else:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(delta) * (math.sin(theta) * math.cos(phi1))), math.cos(delta))
	return tmp
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (delta <= -0.033)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta)));
	elseif (delta <= 0.24)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))), (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(delta) * Float64(sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (delta <= -0.033)
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
	elseif (delta <= 0.24)
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0));
	else
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[LessEqual[delta, -0.033], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[delta, 0.24], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.033:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.24:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if delta < -0.033000000000000002

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-cos.f6490.1

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites90.1%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta}} \]
      2. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1} \]
      3. lower-+.f6490.1

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1} \]
    7. Applied rewrites90.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1} \]

    if -0.033000000000000002 < delta < 0.23999999999999999

    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      2. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      3. lift-asin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      4. sin-asinN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
      6. lower-*.f6499.5

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites99.5%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
      2. 1-sub-sinN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} \]
      3. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
      4. lower-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
      5. lower-cos.f6498.9

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
    7. Applied rewrites98.9%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]

    if 0.23999999999999999 < delta

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-cos.f6482.6

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites82.6%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
      3. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
      5. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
      7. lower-*.f6482.6

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
    7. Applied rewrites82.6%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification92.1%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.033:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.24:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 92.2% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), 0.5\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (sin theta) (* (sin delta) (cos phi1)))
   (- (cos delta) (fma -0.5 (cos (+ phi1 phi1)) 0.5)))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), (cos(delta) - fma(-0.5, cos((phi1 + phi1)), 0.5)));
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), Float64(cos(delta) - fma(-0.5, cos(Float64(phi1 + phi1)), 0.5))))
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(-0.5 * N[Cos[N[(phi1 + phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), 0.5\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.7%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    2. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    3. lift-asin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    4. sin-asinN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    6. lower-*.f6499.7

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.7%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-pow.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
    2. lower-sin.f6491.1

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
  7. Applied rewrites91.1%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
    2. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} + \lambda_1} \]
    3. lower-+.f6491.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} + \lambda_1} \]
  9. Applied rewrites91.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), 0.5\right)} + \lambda_1} \]
  10. Final simplification91.0%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), 0.5\right)} \]
  11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 91.9% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.033:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 7 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot 2\right), 0.5\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= delta -0.033)
   (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) (* (sin delta) (cos phi1))) (cos delta)))
   (if (<= delta 7e-6)
     (+
      lambda1
      (atan2
       (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta)))
       (fma 0.5 (cos (* phi1 2.0)) 0.5)))
     (+
      lambda1
      (atan2 (* (sin delta) (* (sin theta) (cos phi1))) (cos delta))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	double tmp;
	if (delta <= -0.033) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
	} else if (delta <= 7e-6) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), fma(0.5, cos((phi1 * 2.0)), 0.5));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (delta <= -0.033)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta)));
	elseif (delta <= 7e-6)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))), fma(0.5, cos(Float64(phi1 * 2.0)), 0.5)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(delta) * Float64(sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta)));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[LessEqual[delta, -0.033], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[delta, 7e-6], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(phi1 * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.033:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 7 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot 2\right), 0.5\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if delta < -0.033000000000000002

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-cos.f6490.1

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites90.1%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta}} \]
      2. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1} \]
      3. lower-+.f6490.1

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1} \]
    7. Applied rewrites90.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1} \]

    if -0.033000000000000002 < delta < 6.99999999999999989e-6

    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      2. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      3. lift-asin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      4. sin-asinN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      5. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      6. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta + \sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)}} \]
      7. distribute-lft-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) + \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)}} \]
      8. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} + \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)} \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)} + \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)} \]
      10. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} + \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)} \]
      11. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos theta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta, \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites99.5%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos theta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta, \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right) + \frac{1}{2}}} \]
      2. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \]
      3. lower-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)}, \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot 2\right)}, \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
      5. lower-*.f6499.3

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot 2\right)}, 0.5\right)} \]
    7. Applied rewrites99.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot 2\right), 0.5\right)}} \]

    if 6.99999999999999989e-6 < delta

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-cos.f6481.7

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites81.7%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
      3. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
      5. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
      7. lower-*.f6481.7

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
    7. Applied rewrites81.7%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification92.0%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.033:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 7 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot 2\right), 0.5\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 12: 88.8% accurate, 2.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin delta) (* (sin theta) (cos phi1))) (cos delta))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(delta) * (Math.sin(theta) * Math.cos(phi1))), Math.cos(delta));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(delta) * (math.sin(theta) * math.cos(phi1))), math.cos(delta))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(delta) * Float64(sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta)))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.7%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-cos.f6487.6

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
  5. Applied rewrites87.6%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
    3. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
    5. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
    7. lower-*.f6487.6

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
  7. Applied rewrites87.6%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
  8. Final simplification87.6%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 13: 86.7% accurate, 3.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos delta))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)), Math.cos(delta));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)), math.cos(delta))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta)))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.7%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-cos.f6487.6

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
  5. Applied rewrites87.6%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    2. lower-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
    3. lower-sin.f6486.5

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
  8. Applied rewrites86.5%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
  9. Final simplification86.5%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 14: 80.4% accurate, 3.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -8.5 \cdot 10^{+41}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.043:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(theta \cdot theta, 0.008333333333333333, -0.16666666666666666\right), theta \cdot \left(theta \cdot theta\right), theta\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= delta -8.5e+41)
   (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* theta (sin delta)) (cos delta)))
   (if (<= delta 0.043)
     (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) delta) (cos delta)))
     (+
      lambda1
      (atan2
       (*
        (sin delta)
        (fma
         (fma (* theta theta) 0.008333333333333333 -0.16666666666666666)
         (* theta (* theta theta))
         theta))
       (cos delta))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	double tmp;
	if (delta <= -8.5e+41) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
	} else if (delta <= 0.043) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * fma(fma((theta * theta), 0.008333333333333333, -0.16666666666666666), (theta * (theta * theta)), theta)), cos(delta));
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (delta <= -8.5e+41)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta)));
	elseif (delta <= 0.043)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(delta) * fma(fma(Float64(theta * theta), 0.008333333333333333, -0.16666666666666666), Float64(theta * Float64(theta * theta)), theta)), cos(delta)));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[LessEqual[delta, -8.5e+41], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(theta * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[delta, 0.043], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(theta * theta), $MachinePrecision] * 0.008333333333333333 + -0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision] * N[(theta * N[(theta * theta), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + theta), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -8.5 \cdot 10^{+41}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.043:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(theta \cdot theta, 0.008333333333333333, -0.16666666666666666\right), theta \cdot \left(theta \cdot theta\right), theta\right)}{\cos delta}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if delta < -8.49999999999999938e41

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-cos.f6489.9

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites89.9%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      2. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
      3. lower-sin.f6487.0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    8. Applied rewrites87.0%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites68.8%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{theta}}{\cos delta} \]

      if -8.49999999999999938e41 < delta < 0.042999999999999997

      1. Initial program 99.6%

        \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-cos.f6490.1

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites90.1%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
        2. lower-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
        3. lower-sin.f6489.4

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      8. Applied rewrites89.4%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      10. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites88.1%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]

        if 0.042999999999999997 < delta

        1. Initial program 99.7%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-cos.f6481.7

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites81.7%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          2. lower-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
          3. lower-sin.f6481.0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
        8. Applied rewrites81.0%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
        9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + {theta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} \cdot {theta}^{2} - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right)}\right)}{\cos delta} \]
        10. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites72.1%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(theta \cdot theta, 0.008333333333333333, -0.16666666666666666\right), \color{blue}{theta \cdot \left(theta \cdot theta\right)}, theta\right)}{\cos delta} \]
        11. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
        12. Final simplification79.6%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -8.5 \cdot 10^{+41}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.043:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(theta \cdot theta, 0.008333333333333333, -0.16666666666666666\right), theta \cdot \left(theta \cdot theta\right), theta\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
        13. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 15: 80.4% accurate, 4.2× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -8.5 \cdot 10^{+41}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.043:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
         :precision binary64
         (let* ((t_1 (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* theta (sin delta)) (cos delta)))))
           (if (<= delta -8.5e+41)
             t_1
             (if (<= delta 0.043)
               (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) delta) (cos delta)))
               t_1))))
        double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	double t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
        	double tmp;
        	if (delta <= -8.5e+41) {
        		tmp = t_1;
        	} else if (delta <= 0.043) {
        		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta));
        	} else {
        		tmp = t_1;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
            real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
            real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
            real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
            real(8), intent (in) :: delta
            real(8), intent (in) :: theta
            real(8) :: t_1
            real(8) :: tmp
            t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta))
            if (delta <= (-8.5d+41)) then
                tmp = t_1
            else if (delta <= 0.043d0) then
                tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta))
            else
                tmp = t_1
            end if
            code = tmp
        end function
        
        public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	double t_1 = lambda1 + Math.atan2((theta * Math.sin(delta)), Math.cos(delta));
        	double tmp;
        	if (delta <= -8.5e+41) {
        		tmp = t_1;
        	} else if (delta <= 0.043) {
        		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * delta), Math.cos(delta));
        	} else {
        		tmp = t_1;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
        	t_1 = lambda1 + math.atan2((theta * math.sin(delta)), math.cos(delta))
        	tmp = 0
        	if delta <= -8.5e+41:
        		tmp = t_1
        	elif delta <= 0.043:
        		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * delta), math.cos(delta))
        	else:
        		tmp = t_1
        	return tmp
        
        function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	t_1 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta)))
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (delta <= -8.5e+41)
        		tmp = t_1;
        	elseif (delta <= 0.043)
        		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta)));
        	else
        		tmp = t_1;
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
        	tmp = 0.0;
        	if (delta <= -8.5e+41)
        		tmp = t_1;
        	elseif (delta <= 0.043)
        		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta));
        	else
        		tmp = t_1;
        	end
        	tmp_2 = tmp;
        end
        
        code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(theta * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[delta, -8.5e+41], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[delta, 0.043], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\
        \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -8.5 \cdot 10^{+41}:\\
        \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
        
        \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.043:\\
        \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if delta < -8.49999999999999938e41 or 0.042999999999999997 < delta

          1. Initial program 99.8%

            \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-cos.f6485.0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          5. Applied rewrites85.0%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            2. lower-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
            3. lower-sin.f6483.4

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          8. Applied rewrites83.4%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          10. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites70.4%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{theta}}{\cos delta} \]

            if -8.49999999999999938e41 < delta < 0.042999999999999997

            1. Initial program 99.6%

              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-cos.f6490.1

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            5. Applied rewrites90.1%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
              3. lower-sin.f6489.4

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            8. Applied rewrites89.4%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            10. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites88.1%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            11. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            12. Final simplification79.5%

              \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -8.5 \cdot 10^{+41}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.043:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
            13. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 16: 74.6% accurate, 4.3× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
             :precision binary64
             (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) delta) (cos delta))))
            double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
            	return lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta));
            }
            
            real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
                real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
                real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
                real(8), intent (in) :: delta
                real(8), intent (in) :: theta
                code = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta))
            end function
            
            public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
            	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * delta), Math.cos(delta));
            }
            
            def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
            	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * delta), math.cos(delta))
            
            function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
            	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta)))
            end
            
            function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
            	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta));
            end
            
            code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 99.7%

              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-cos.f6487.6

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            5. Applied rewrites87.6%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
              3. lower-sin.f6486.5

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            8. Applied rewrites86.5%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            10. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites70.7%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              2. Final simplification70.7%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta} \]
              3. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 17: 65.7% accurate, 5.9× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(theta, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(theta \cdot theta\right), theta\right)}{\cos delta} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
               :precision binary64
               (+
                lambda1
                (atan2
                 (* delta (fma theta (* -0.16666666666666666 (* theta theta)) theta))
                 (cos delta))))
              double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
              	return lambda1 + atan2((delta * fma(theta, (-0.16666666666666666 * (theta * theta)), theta)), cos(delta));
              }
              
              function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
              	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(delta * fma(theta, Float64(-0.16666666666666666 * Float64(theta * theta)), theta)), cos(delta)))
              end
              
              code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(delta * N[(theta * N[(-0.16666666666666666 * N[(theta * theta), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + theta), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(theta, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(theta \cdot theta\right), theta\right)}{\cos delta}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Initial program 99.7%

                \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-cos.f6487.6

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites87.6%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                3. lower-sin.f6486.5

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              8. Applied rewrites86.5%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              10. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites70.7%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                2. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \left(theta \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {theta}^{2}}\right)\right)}{\cos delta} \]
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites61.3%

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(theta, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot theta\right)}, theta\right)}{\cos delta} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing

                  Reproduce

                  ?
                  herbie shell --seed 2024216 
                  (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                    :name "Destination given bearing on a great circle"
                    :precision binary64
                    (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1)) (- (cos delta) (* (sin phi1) (sin (asin (+ (* (sin phi1) (cos delta)) (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))