Numeric.Log:$cexpm1 from log-domain-0.10.2.1, B

Percentage Accurate: 100.0% → 100.0%
Time: 10.1s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 1.2×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (+ (+ (* x y) x) y))
double code(double x, double y) {
	return ((x * y) + x) + y;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    code = ((x * y) + x) + y
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	return ((x * y) + x) + y;
}
def code(x, y):
	return ((x * y) + x) + y
function code(x, y)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * y) + x) + y)
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	tmp = ((x * y) + x) + y;
end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision] + x), $MachinePrecision] + y), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (+ (+ (* x y) x) y))
double code(double x, double y) {
	return ((x * y) + x) + y;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    code = ((x * y) + x) + y
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	return ((x * y) + x) + y;
}
def code(x, y):
	return ((x * y) + x) + y
function code(x, y)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * y) + x) + y)
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	tmp = ((x * y) + x) + y;
end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision] + x), $MachinePrecision] + y), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 100.0% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [x, y] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y])\\ \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(y + 1, x, y\right) \end{array} \]
NOTE: x and y should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (fma (+ y 1.0) x y))
assert(x < y);
double code(double x, double y) {
	return fma((y + 1.0), x, y);
}
x, y = sort([x, y])
function code(x, y)
	return fma(Float64(y + 1.0), x, y)
end
NOTE: x and y should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * x + y), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
[x, y] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y])\\
\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(y + 1, x, y\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot y} + x\right) + y \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot y} + x\right) + y \]
    3. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{y \cdot x} + x\right) + y \]
    4. distribute-lft1-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right) \cdot x} + y \]
    5. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y + 1, x, y\right)} \]
    6. lower-+.f64100.0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y + 1}, x, y\right) \]
  4. Applied rewrites100.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y + 1, x, y\right)} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 87.0% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [x, y] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := y + \left(x + y \cdot x\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 10^{+308}:\\ \;\;\;\;y + x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
NOTE: x and y should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (+ y (+ x (* y x)))))
   (if (<= t_0 (- INFINITY)) (* y x) (if (<= t_0 1e+308) (+ y x) (* y x)))))
assert(x < y);
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = y + (x + (y * x));
	double tmp;
	if (t_0 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = y * x;
	} else if (t_0 <= 1e+308) {
		tmp = y + x;
	} else {
		tmp = y * x;
	}
	return tmp;
}
assert x < y;
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = y + (x + (y * x));
	double tmp;
	if (t_0 <= -Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = y * x;
	} else if (t_0 <= 1e+308) {
		tmp = y + x;
	} else {
		tmp = y * x;
	}
	return tmp;
}
[x, y] = sort([x, y])
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = y + (x + (y * x))
	tmp = 0
	if t_0 <= -math.inf:
		tmp = y * x
	elif t_0 <= 1e+308:
		tmp = y + x
	else:
		tmp = y * x
	return tmp
x, y = sort([x, y])
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(y + Float64(x + Float64(y * x)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_0 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(y * x);
	elseif (t_0 <= 1e+308)
		tmp = Float64(y + x);
	else
		tmp = Float64(y * x);
	end
	return tmp
end
x, y = num2cell(sort([x, y])){:}
function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
	t_0 = y + (x + (y * x));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_0 <= -Inf)
		tmp = y * x;
	elseif (t_0 <= 1e+308)
		tmp = y + x;
	else
		tmp = y * x;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
NOTE: x and y should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(y + N[(x + N[(y * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, (-Infinity)], N[(y * x), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 1e+308], N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision], N[(y * x), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
[x, y] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y])\\
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := y + \left(x + y \cdot x\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -\infty:\\
\;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 10^{+308}:\\
\;\;\;\;y + x\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (+.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 x y) x) y) < -inf.0 or 1e308 < (+.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 x y) x) y)

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + y\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right)} \]
      2. distribute-lft-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot y + x \cdot 1} \]
      3. *-rgt-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto x \cdot y + \color{blue}{x} \]
      4. lower-fma.f64100.0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, x\right)} \]
    5. Applied rewrites100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, x\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in y around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot y} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64100.0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot y} \]
    8. Applied rewrites100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot y} \]

    if -inf.0 < (+.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 x y) x) y) < 1e308

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot y} + x\right) + y \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot y} + x\right) + y \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{y \cdot x} + x\right) + y \]
      4. distribute-lft1-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right) \cdot x} + y \]
      5. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y + 1, x, y\right)} \]
      6. lower-+.f64100.0

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y + 1}, x, y\right) \]
    4. Applied rewrites100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y + 1, x, y\right)} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in y around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{1}, x, y\right) \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites88.5%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{1}, x, y\right) \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-lft-identityN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} + y \]
        2. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
        3. lower-+.f6488.5

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
      3. Applied rewrites88.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
    7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    8. Final simplification90.0%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y + \left(x + y \cdot x\right) \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y + \left(x + y \cdot x\right) \leq 10^{+308}:\\ \;\;\;\;y + x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\ \end{array} \]
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 98.5% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y + \left(x + y \cdot x\right) \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-279}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(y + 1\right) \cdot x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, y\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    NOTE: x and y should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    (FPCore (x y)
     :precision binary64
     (if (<= (+ y (+ x (* y x))) -1e-279) (* (+ y 1.0) x) (fma x y y)))
    assert(x < y);
    double code(double x, double y) {
    	double tmp;
    	if ((y + (x + (y * x))) <= -1e-279) {
    		tmp = (y + 1.0) * x;
    	} else {
    		tmp = fma(x, y, y);
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    x, y = sort([x, y])
    function code(x, y)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (Float64(y + Float64(x + Float64(y * x))) <= -1e-279)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(y + 1.0) * x);
    	else
    		tmp = fma(x, y, y);
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    NOTE: x and y should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[(y + N[(x + N[(y * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1e-279], N[(N[(y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision], N[(x * y + y), $MachinePrecision]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    [x, y] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y])\\
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;y + \left(x + y \cdot x\right) \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-279}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\left(y + 1\right) \cdot x\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, y\right)\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if (+.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 x y) x) y) < -1.00000000000000006e-279

      1. Initial program 100.0%

        \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + y\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right)} \]
        2. distribute-lft-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot y + x \cdot 1} \]
        3. *-rgt-identityN/A

          \[\leadsto x \cdot y + \color{blue}{x} \]
        4. lower-fma.f6463.7

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, x\right)} \]
      5. Applied rewrites63.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, x\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot x} + x \]
        2. distribute-lft1-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right) \cdot x} \]
        3. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right)} \cdot x \]
        4. lower-*.f6463.7

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right) \cdot x} \]
      7. Applied rewrites63.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right) \cdot x} \]

      if -1.00000000000000006e-279 < (+.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 x y) x) y)

      1. Initial program 100.0%

        \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot \left(1 + x\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. distribute-rgt-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot y + x \cdot y} \]
        2. *-lft-identityN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y} + x \cdot y \]
        3. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot y + y} \]
        4. lower-fma.f6459.0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, y\right)} \]
      5. Applied rewrites59.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, y\right)} \]
    3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    4. Final simplification61.6%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y + \left(x + y \cdot x\right) \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-279}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(y + 1\right) \cdot x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, y\right)\\ \end{array} \]
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 98.5% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y + \left(x + y \cdot x\right) \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-279}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, y\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    NOTE: x and y should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    (FPCore (x y)
     :precision binary64
     (if (<= (+ y (+ x (* y x))) -1e-279) (fma x y x) (fma x y y)))
    assert(x < y);
    double code(double x, double y) {
    	double tmp;
    	if ((y + (x + (y * x))) <= -1e-279) {
    		tmp = fma(x, y, x);
    	} else {
    		tmp = fma(x, y, y);
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    x, y = sort([x, y])
    function code(x, y)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (Float64(y + Float64(x + Float64(y * x))) <= -1e-279)
    		tmp = fma(x, y, x);
    	else
    		tmp = fma(x, y, y);
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    NOTE: x and y should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[(y + N[(x + N[(y * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1e-279], N[(x * y + x), $MachinePrecision], N[(x * y + y), $MachinePrecision]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    [x, y] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y])\\
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;y + \left(x + y \cdot x\right) \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-279}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, x\right)\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, y\right)\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if (+.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 x y) x) y) < -1.00000000000000006e-279

      1. Initial program 100.0%

        \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + y\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right)} \]
        2. distribute-lft-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot y + x \cdot 1} \]
        3. *-rgt-identityN/A

          \[\leadsto x \cdot y + \color{blue}{x} \]
        4. lower-fma.f6463.7

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, x\right)} \]
      5. Applied rewrites63.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, x\right)} \]

      if -1.00000000000000006e-279 < (+.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 x y) x) y)

      1. Initial program 100.0%

        \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot \left(1 + x\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. distribute-rgt-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot y + x \cdot y} \]
        2. *-lft-identityN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y} + x \cdot y \]
        3. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot y + y} \]
        4. lower-fma.f6459.0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, y\right)} \]
      5. Applied rewrites59.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, y\right)} \]
    3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    4. Final simplification61.6%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y + \left(x + y \cdot x\right) \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-279}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, y\right)\\ \end{array} \]
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 5: 98.3% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, x\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{+26}:\\ \;\;\;\;y + x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    NOTE: x and y should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    (FPCore (x y)
     :precision binary64
     (if (<= x -1.0) (fma x y x) (if (<= x 1.5e+26) (+ y x) (* y x))))
    assert(x < y);
    double code(double x, double y) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (x <= -1.0) {
    		tmp = fma(x, y, x);
    	} else if (x <= 1.5e+26) {
    		tmp = y + x;
    	} else {
    		tmp = y * x;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    x, y = sort([x, y])
    function code(x, y)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (x <= -1.0)
    		tmp = fma(x, y, x);
    	elseif (x <= 1.5e+26)
    		tmp = Float64(y + x);
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(y * x);
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    NOTE: x and y should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.0], N[(x * y + x), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 1.5e+26], N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision], N[(y * x), $MachinePrecision]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    [x, y] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y])\\
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1:\\
    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, x\right)\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{+26}:\\
    \;\;\;\;y + x\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 3 regimes
    2. if x < -1

      1. Initial program 100.0%

        \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + y\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right)} \]
        2. distribute-lft-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot y + x \cdot 1} \]
        3. *-rgt-identityN/A

          \[\leadsto x \cdot y + \color{blue}{x} \]
        4. lower-fma.f6498.8

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, x\right)} \]
      5. Applied rewrites98.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, x\right)} \]

      if -1 < x < 1.49999999999999999e26

      1. Initial program 100.0%

        \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot y} + x\right) + y \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot y} + x\right) + y \]
        3. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{y \cdot x} + x\right) + y \]
        4. distribute-lft1-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right) \cdot x} + y \]
        5. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y + 1, x, y\right)} \]
        6. lower-+.f64100.0

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y + 1}, x, y\right) \]
      4. Applied rewrites100.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y + 1, x, y\right)} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in y around 0

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{1}, x, y\right) \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites98.6%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{1}, x, y\right) \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-lft-identityN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} + y \]
          2. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
          3. lower-+.f6498.6

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
        3. Applied rewrites98.6%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]

        if 1.49999999999999999e26 < x

        1. Initial program 100.0%

          \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + y\right)} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right)} \]
          2. distribute-lft-inN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot y + x \cdot 1} \]
          3. *-rgt-identityN/A

            \[\leadsto x \cdot y + \color{blue}{x} \]
          4. lower-fma.f64100.0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, x\right)} \]
        5. Applied rewrites100.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, x\right)} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in y around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot y} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-*.f6447.8

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot y} \]
        8. Applied rewrites47.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot y} \]
      7. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
      8. Final simplification88.9%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, x\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{+26}:\\ \;\;\;\;y + x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\ \end{array} \]
      9. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 6: 74.5% accurate, 3.0× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y])\\ \\ y + x \end{array} \]
      NOTE: x and y should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (+ y x))
      assert(x < y);
      double code(double x, double y) {
      	return y + x;
      }
      
      NOTE: x and y should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      real(8) function code(x, y)
          real(8), intent (in) :: x
          real(8), intent (in) :: y
          code = y + x
      end function
      
      assert x < y;
      public static double code(double x, double y) {
      	return y + x;
      }
      
      [x, y] = sort([x, y])
      def code(x, y):
      	return y + x
      
      x, y = sort([x, y])
      function code(x, y)
      	return Float64(y + x)
      end
      
      x, y = num2cell(sort([x, y])){:}
      function tmp = code(x, y)
      	tmp = y + x;
      end
      
      NOTE: x and y should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      code[x_, y_] := N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      [x, y] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y])\\
      \\
      y + x
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 100.0%

        \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot y} + x\right) + y \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot y} + x\right) + y \]
        3. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{y \cdot x} + x\right) + y \]
        4. distribute-lft1-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right) \cdot x} + y \]
        5. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y + 1, x, y\right)} \]
        6. lower-+.f64100.0

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y + 1}, x, y\right) \]
      4. Applied rewrites100.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y + 1, x, y\right)} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in y around 0

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{1}, x, y\right) \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites77.6%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{1}, x, y\right) \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-lft-identityN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} + y \]
          2. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
          3. lower-+.f6477.6

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
        3. Applied rewrites77.6%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
        4. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 7: 38.7% accurate, 12.0× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y])\\ \\ x \end{array} \]
        NOTE: x and y should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
        (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 x)
        assert(x < y);
        double code(double x, double y) {
        	return x;
        }
        
        NOTE: x and y should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
        real(8) function code(x, y)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            real(8), intent (in) :: y
            code = x
        end function
        
        assert x < y;
        public static double code(double x, double y) {
        	return x;
        }
        
        [x, y] = sort([x, y])
        def code(x, y):
        	return x
        
        x, y = sort([x, y])
        function code(x, y)
        	return x
        end
        
        x, y = num2cell(sort([x, y])){:}
        function tmp = code(x, y)
        	tmp = x;
        end
        
        NOTE: x and y should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
        code[x_, y_] := x
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        [x, y] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y])\\
        \\
        x
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 100.0%

          \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + y\right)} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right)} \]
          2. distribute-lft-inN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot y + x \cdot 1} \]
          3. *-rgt-identityN/A

            \[\leadsto x \cdot y + \color{blue}{x} \]
          4. lower-fma.f6463.8

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, x\right)} \]
        5. Applied rewrites63.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, x\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot x} + x \]
          2. distribute-lft1-inN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right) \cdot x} \]
          3. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right)} \cdot x \]
          4. lower-*.f6463.8

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right) \cdot x} \]
        7. Applied rewrites63.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right) \cdot x} \]
        8. Taylor expanded in y around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \cdot x \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites41.7%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \cdot x \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-lft-identity41.7

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} \]
          3. Applied rewrites41.7%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} \]
          4. Add Preprocessing

          Reproduce

          ?
          herbie shell --seed 2024214 
          (FPCore (x y)
            :name "Numeric.Log:$cexpm1 from log-domain-0.10.2.1, B"
            :precision binary64
            (+ (+ (* x y) x) y))