
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (sqrt (* 2.0 (* x x))))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt((2.0 * (x * x)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt((2.0d0 * (x * x)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt((2.0 * (x * x)));
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt((2.0 * (x * x)))
function code(x) return sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(x * x))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt((2.0 * (x * x))); end
code[x_] := N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 4 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (sqrt (* 2.0 (* x x))))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt((2.0 * (x * x)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt((2.0d0 * (x * x)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt((2.0 * (x * x)));
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt((2.0 * (x * x)))
function code(x) return sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(x * x))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt((2.0 * (x * x))); end
code[x_] := N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)}
\end{array}
x_m = (fabs.f64 x) (FPCore (x_m) :precision binary64 (* (pow 2.0 0.125) (* (pow 2.0 0.125) (* x_m (pow 2.0 0.25)))))
x_m = fabs(x);
double code(double x_m) {
return pow(2.0, 0.125) * (pow(2.0, 0.125) * (x_m * pow(2.0, 0.25)));
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(8) function code(x_m)
real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
code = (2.0d0 ** 0.125d0) * ((2.0d0 ** 0.125d0) * (x_m * (2.0d0 ** 0.25d0)))
end function
x_m = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x_m) {
return Math.pow(2.0, 0.125) * (Math.pow(2.0, 0.125) * (x_m * Math.pow(2.0, 0.25)));
}
x_m = math.fabs(x) def code(x_m): return math.pow(2.0, 0.125) * (math.pow(2.0, 0.125) * (x_m * math.pow(2.0, 0.25)))
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m) return Float64((2.0 ^ 0.125) * Float64((2.0 ^ 0.125) * Float64(x_m * (2.0 ^ 0.25)))) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m) tmp = (2.0 ^ 0.125) * ((2.0 ^ 0.125) * (x_m * (2.0 ^ 0.25))); end
x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision] code[x$95$m_] := N[(N[Power[2.0, 0.125], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[2.0, 0.125], $MachinePrecision] * N[(x$95$m * N[Power[2.0, 0.25], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
{2}^{0.125} \cdot \left({2}^{0.125} \cdot \left(x\_m \cdot {2}^{0.25}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 45.4%
lift-*.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
pow1/2N/A
sqr-powN/A
pow-prod-downN/A
lift-*.f64N/A
associate-*l*N/A
unpow-prod-downN/A
sqr-powN/A
pow-prod-downN/A
lift-*.f64N/A
unpow-prod-downN/A
sqr-powN/A
associate-*l*N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
Applied egg-rr52.7%
x_m = (fabs.f64 x) (FPCore (x_m) :precision binary64 (* (pow 2.0 0.25) (* x_m (pow 2.0 0.25))))
x_m = fabs(x);
double code(double x_m) {
return pow(2.0, 0.25) * (x_m * pow(2.0, 0.25));
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(8) function code(x_m)
real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
code = (2.0d0 ** 0.25d0) * (x_m * (2.0d0 ** 0.25d0))
end function
x_m = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x_m) {
return Math.pow(2.0, 0.25) * (x_m * Math.pow(2.0, 0.25));
}
x_m = math.fabs(x) def code(x_m): return math.pow(2.0, 0.25) * (x_m * math.pow(2.0, 0.25))
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m) return Float64((2.0 ^ 0.25) * Float64(x_m * (2.0 ^ 0.25))) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m) tmp = (2.0 ^ 0.25) * (x_m * (2.0 ^ 0.25)); end
x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision] code[x$95$m_] := N[(N[Power[2.0, 0.25], $MachinePrecision] * N[(x$95$m * N[Power[2.0, 0.25], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
{2}^{0.25} \cdot \left(x\_m \cdot {2}^{0.25}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 45.4%
lift-*.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
pow1/2N/A
sqr-powN/A
pow-prod-downN/A
lift-*.f64N/A
associate-*l*N/A
unpow-prod-downN/A
pow-prod-downN/A
lift-*.f64N/A
unpow-prod-downN/A
sqr-powN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-pow.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lift-*.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
associate-*r*N/A
Applied egg-rr52.7%
x_m = (fabs.f64 x) (FPCore (x_m) :precision binary64 (* x_m (sqrt 2.0)))
x_m = fabs(x);
double code(double x_m) {
return x_m * sqrt(2.0);
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(8) function code(x_m)
real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
code = x_m * sqrt(2.0d0)
end function
x_m = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x_m) {
return x_m * Math.sqrt(2.0);
}
x_m = math.fabs(x) def code(x_m): return x_m * math.sqrt(2.0)
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m) return Float64(x_m * sqrt(2.0)) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m) tmp = x_m * sqrt(2.0); end
x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision] code[x$95$m_] := N[(x$95$m * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
x\_m \cdot \sqrt{2}
\end{array}
Initial program 45.4%
lift-*.f64N/A
sqrt-prodN/A
pow1/2N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
sqrt-prodN/A
rem-square-sqrtN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
pow1/2N/A
lower-sqrt.f6452.7
Applied egg-rr52.7%
Final simplification52.7%
x_m = (fabs.f64 x) (FPCore (x_m) :precision binary64 x_m)
x_m = fabs(x);
double code(double x_m) {
return x_m;
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(8) function code(x_m)
real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
code = x_m
end function
x_m = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x_m) {
return x_m;
}
x_m = math.fabs(x) def code(x_m): return x_m
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m) return x_m end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m) tmp = x_m; end
x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision] code[x$95$m_] := x$95$m
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
x\_m
\end{array}
Initial program 45.4%
lift-*.f64N/A
sqrt-prodN/A
pow1/2N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
sqrt-prodN/A
rem-square-sqrtN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
pow1/2N/A
lower-sqrt.f6452.7
Applied egg-rr52.7%
pow1/2N/A
metadata-evalN/A
pow-sqrN/A
pow-prod-downN/A
metadata-evalN/A
pow-prod-upN/A
pow-prod-downN/A
sqr-powN/A
pow-prod-downN/A
pow-to-expN/A
lower-exp.f64N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-log.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
metadata-evalN/A
metadata-evalN/A
metadata-evalN/A
metadata-evalN/A
metadata-evalN/A
metadata-evalN/A
metadata-eval52.7
Applied egg-rr52.7%
exp-to-powN/A
sqr-powN/A
pow2N/A
lower-pow.f64N/A
lower-pow.f64N/A
metadata-eval52.7
Applied egg-rr52.7%
Applied egg-rr11.7%
Final simplification11.7%
herbie shell --seed 2024208
(FPCore (x)
:name "sqrt C (should all be same)"
:precision binary64
(sqrt (* 2.0 (* x x))))