
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt x)))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt((x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt((x + 1.0d0)) - sqrt(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) - Math.sqrt(x);
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) - math.sqrt(x)
function code(x) return Float64(sqrt(Float64(x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt((x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{x + 1} - \sqrt{x}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 3 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt x)))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt((x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt((x + 1.0d0)) - sqrt(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) - Math.sqrt(x);
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) - math.sqrt(x)
function code(x) return Float64(sqrt(Float64(x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt((x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{x + 1} - \sqrt{x}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (fma (/ 1.0 (sqrt (+ 1.0 x))) (+ 1.0 x) (sqrt x))))
double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / fma((1.0 / sqrt((1.0 + x))), (1.0 + x), sqrt(x));
}
function code(x) return Float64(1.0 / fma(Float64(1.0 / sqrt(Float64(1.0 + x))), Float64(1.0 + x), sqrt(x))) end
code[x_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + x}}, 1 + x, \sqrt{x}\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 7.3%
flip--N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
rem-square-sqrtN/A
rem-square-sqrtN/A
associate--l+N/A
metadata-evalN/A
*-rgt-identityN/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
*-rgt-identityN/A
--lowering--.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f649.5
Applied egg-rr9.5%
+-commutativeN/A
associate-+l-N/A
--lowering--.f64N/A
--lowering--.f6499.6
Applied egg-rr99.6%
pow1/2N/A
metadata-evalN/A
metadata-evalN/A
pow-plusN/A
pow-powN/A
pow1/2N/A
inv-powN/A
accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f6499.7
Applied egg-rr99.7%
+-inversesN/A
metadata-eval99.7
Applied egg-rr99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (+ (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)) (sqrt x))))
double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (sqrt((1.0 + x)) + sqrt(x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.0d0 / (sqrt((1.0d0 + x)) + sqrt(x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (Math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) + Math.sqrt(x));
}
def code(x): return 1.0 / (math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) + math.sqrt(x))
function code(x) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(sqrt(Float64(1.0 + x)) + sqrt(x))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt((1.0 + x)) + sqrt(x)); end
code[x_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + x} + \sqrt{x}}
\end{array}
Initial program 7.3%
flip--N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
rem-square-sqrtN/A
rem-square-sqrtN/A
associate--l+N/A
metadata-evalN/A
*-rgt-identityN/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
*-rgt-identityN/A
--lowering--.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f649.5
Applied egg-rr9.5%
flip-+N/A
associate-/l/N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
Applied egg-rr9.5%
times-fracN/A
associate-+r-N/A
+-commutativeN/A
associate--r-N/A
+-inversesN/A
metadata-evalN/A
*-inversesN/A
*-commutativeN/A
div-invN/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f6499.6
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)) (sqrt x)))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt((1.0d0 + x)) - sqrt(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - Math.sqrt(x);
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - math.sqrt(x)
function code(x) return Float64(sqrt(Float64(1.0 + x)) - sqrt(x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt(x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{x}
\end{array}
Initial program 7.3%
Final simplification7.3%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (+ (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt x))))
double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (sqrt((x + 1.0)) + sqrt(x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.0d0 / (sqrt((x + 1.0d0)) + sqrt(x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (Math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) + Math.sqrt(x));
}
def code(x): return 1.0 / (math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) + math.sqrt(x))
function code(x) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(sqrt(Float64(x + 1.0)) + sqrt(x))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt((x + 1.0)) + sqrt(x)); end
code[x_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[Sqrt[N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{x + 1} + \sqrt{x}}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 0.5 (pow x -0.5)))
double code(double x) {
return 0.5 * pow(x, -0.5);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.5d0 * (x ** (-0.5d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.5 * Math.pow(x, -0.5);
}
def code(x): return 0.5 * math.pow(x, -0.5)
function code(x) return Float64(0.5 * (x ^ -0.5)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.5 * (x ^ -0.5); end
code[x_] := N[(0.5 * N[Power[x, -0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.5 \cdot {x}^{-0.5}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024207
(FPCore (x)
:name "2sqrt (example 3.1)"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (> x 1.0) (< x 1e+308))
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (/ 1 (+ (sqrt (+ x 1)) (sqrt x))))
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (* 1/2 (pow x -1/2)))
(- (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt x)))