Octave 3.8, oct_fill_randg

Percentage Accurate: 99.7% → 99.7%
Time: 11.1s
Alternatives: 14
Speedup: 2.4×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := a - \frac{1}{3}\\ t\_0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot t\_0}} \cdot rand\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (- a (/ 1.0 3.0))))
   (* t_0 (+ 1.0 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt (* 9.0 t_0))) rand)))))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	double t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
}
real(8) function code(a, rand)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = a - (1.0d0 / 3.0d0)
    code = t_0 * (1.0d0 + ((1.0d0 / sqrt((9.0d0 * t_0))) * rand))
end function
public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	double t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / Math.sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
}
def code(a, rand):
	t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0)
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / math.sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand))
function code(a, rand)
	t_0 = Float64(a - Float64(1.0 / 3.0))
	return Float64(t_0 * Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(1.0 / sqrt(Float64(9.0 * t_0))) * rand)))
end
function tmp = code(a, rand)
	t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	tmp = t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
end
code[a_, rand_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(a - N[(1.0 / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(t$95$0 * N[(1.0 + N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[N[(9.0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := a - \frac{1}{3}\\
t\_0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot t\_0}} \cdot rand\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 14 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := a - \frac{1}{3}\\ t\_0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot t\_0}} \cdot rand\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (- a (/ 1.0 3.0))))
   (* t_0 (+ 1.0 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt (* 9.0 t_0))) rand)))))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	double t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
}
real(8) function code(a, rand)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = a - (1.0d0 / 3.0d0)
    code = t_0 * (1.0d0 + ((1.0d0 / sqrt((9.0d0 * t_0))) * rand))
end function
public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	double t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / Math.sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
}
def code(a, rand):
	t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0)
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / math.sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand))
function code(a, rand)
	t_0 = Float64(a - Float64(1.0 / 3.0))
	return Float64(t_0 * Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(1.0 / sqrt(Float64(9.0 * t_0))) * rand)))
end
function tmp = code(a, rand)
	t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	tmp = t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
end
code[a_, rand_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(a - N[(1.0 / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(t$95$0 * N[(1.0 + N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[N[(9.0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := a - \frac{1}{3}\\
t\_0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot t\_0}} \cdot rand\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.7% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(a + -0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(9, a, -3\right)}}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (* (+ a -0.3333333333333333) (+ 1.0 (/ rand (sqrt (fma 9.0 a -3.0))))))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	return (a + -0.3333333333333333) * (1.0 + (rand / sqrt(fma(9.0, a, -3.0))));
}
function code(a, rand)
	return Float64(Float64(a + -0.3333333333333333) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(rand / sqrt(fma(9.0, a, -3.0)))))
end
code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[(a + -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(rand / N[Sqrt[N[(9.0 * a + -3.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(a + -0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(9, a, -3\right)}}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \]
    2. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    3. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    4. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    5. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    6. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \]
    7. associate-*l/N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\right) \]
    8. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\right) \]
    9. *-lft-identityN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\color{blue}{rand}}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}}\right) \]
    10. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\right) \]
    11. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)\right)}}}\right) \]
    12. distribute-lft-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{9 \cdot a + 9 \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]
    13. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot a + 9 \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
    14. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot a + 9 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}}\right) \]
    15. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot a + \color{blue}{-3}}}\right) \]
    16. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot a + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right)}}}\right) \]
    17. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(9, a, \mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right)}}}\right) \]
    18. metadata-eval99.9

      \[\leadsto \left(a + -0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(9, a, \color{blue}{-3}\right)}}\right) \]
  4. Applied egg-rr99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + -0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(9, a, -3\right)}}\right)} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 92.3% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -3.8 \cdot 10^{+74}:\\ \;\;\;\;rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;rand \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{+78}:\\ \;\;\;\;a + -0.3333333333333333\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.3333333333333333 \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= rand -3.8e+74)
   (* rand (* 0.3333333333333333 (sqrt a)))
   (if (<= rand 1.9e+78)
     (+ a -0.3333333333333333)
     (* 0.3333333333333333 (* rand (sqrt a))))))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	double tmp;
	if (rand <= -3.8e+74) {
		tmp = rand * (0.3333333333333333 * sqrt(a));
	} else if (rand <= 1.9e+78) {
		tmp = a + -0.3333333333333333;
	} else {
		tmp = 0.3333333333333333 * (rand * sqrt(a));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, rand)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (rand <= (-3.8d+74)) then
        tmp = rand * (0.3333333333333333d0 * sqrt(a))
    else if (rand <= 1.9d+78) then
        tmp = a + (-0.3333333333333333d0)
    else
        tmp = 0.3333333333333333d0 * (rand * sqrt(a))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	double tmp;
	if (rand <= -3.8e+74) {
		tmp = rand * (0.3333333333333333 * Math.sqrt(a));
	} else if (rand <= 1.9e+78) {
		tmp = a + -0.3333333333333333;
	} else {
		tmp = 0.3333333333333333 * (rand * Math.sqrt(a));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, rand):
	tmp = 0
	if rand <= -3.8e+74:
		tmp = rand * (0.3333333333333333 * math.sqrt(a))
	elif rand <= 1.9e+78:
		tmp = a + -0.3333333333333333
	else:
		tmp = 0.3333333333333333 * (rand * math.sqrt(a))
	return tmp
function code(a, rand)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (rand <= -3.8e+74)
		tmp = Float64(rand * Float64(0.3333333333333333 * sqrt(a)));
	elseif (rand <= 1.9e+78)
		tmp = Float64(a + -0.3333333333333333);
	else
		tmp = Float64(0.3333333333333333 * Float64(rand * sqrt(a)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, rand)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (rand <= -3.8e+74)
		tmp = rand * (0.3333333333333333 * sqrt(a));
	elseif (rand <= 1.9e+78)
		tmp = a + -0.3333333333333333;
	else
		tmp = 0.3333333333333333 * (rand * sqrt(a));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, rand_] := If[LessEqual[rand, -3.8e+74], N[(rand * N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[rand, 1.9e+78], N[(a + -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[(rand * N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -3.8 \cdot 10^{+74}:\\
\;\;\;\;rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;rand \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{+78}:\\
\;\;\;\;a + -0.3333333333333333\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.3333333333333333 \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if rand < -3.7999999999999998e74

    1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right)} \]
      3. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}{rand}}\right)\right) \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}}{rand}\right)\right) \]
      5. div-subN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \]
      6. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right)} \]
      7. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      8. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      9. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      10. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \frac{-1}{3}}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      11. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \]
      12. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \frac{\color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}{rand}\right) \]
      13. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \frac{a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}{rand}\right) \]
      14. +-lowering-+.f6499.6

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, \frac{\color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333}}{rand}\right) \]
    5. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, \frac{a + -0.3333333333333333}{rand}\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

      \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)} \]
      2. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}\right) \]
      3. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}\right) \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} + a}}\right) \]
      6. +-lowering-+.f6486.2

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 + a}}\right) \]
    8. Simplified86.2%

      \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{-0.3333333333333333 + a}\right)} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right)} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right) \cdot rand} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]
      3. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]
      4. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]
      5. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f6485.0

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a}}\right) \]
    11. Simplified85.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]

    if -3.7999999999999998e74 < rand < 1.9e78

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)} \]
      2. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}} \]
      3. +-lowering-+.f6497.3

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333} \]
    5. Simplified97.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333} \]

    if 1.9e78 < rand

    1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right)} \]
      3. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}{rand}}\right)\right) \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}}{rand}\right)\right) \]
      5. div-subN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \]
      6. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right)} \]
      7. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      8. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      9. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      10. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \frac{-1}{3}}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      11. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \]
      12. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \frac{\color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}{rand}\right) \]
      13. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \frac{a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}{rand}\right) \]
      14. +-lowering-+.f6499.4

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, \frac{\color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333}}{rand}\right) \]
    5. Simplified99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, \frac{a + -0.3333333333333333}{rand}\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

      \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)} \]
      2. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}\right) \]
      3. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}\right) \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} + a}}\right) \]
      6. +-lowering-+.f6494.4

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 + a}}\right) \]
    8. Simplified94.4%

      \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{-0.3333333333333333 + a}\right)} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right)} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right) \cdot rand} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]
      3. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]
      4. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]
      5. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f6491.8

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a}}\right) \]
    11. Simplified91.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]
    12. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right) \cdot rand} \]
      2. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right)} \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3}} \]
      4. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3}} \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{3} \]
      6. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{3} \]
      7. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f6491.9

        \[\leadsto \left(rand \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a}}\right) \cdot 0.3333333333333333 \]
    13. Applied egg-rr91.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a}\right) \cdot 0.3333333333333333} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification93.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -3.8 \cdot 10^{+74}:\\ \;\;\;\;rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;rand \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{+78}:\\ \;\;\;\;a + -0.3333333333333333\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.3333333333333333 \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 92.3% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -2.3 \cdot 10^{+74}:\\ \;\;\;\;rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;rand \leq 3.5 \cdot 10^{+79}:\\ \;\;\;\;a + -0.3333333333333333\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \sqrt{a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= rand -2.3e+74)
   (* rand (* 0.3333333333333333 (sqrt a)))
   (if (<= rand 3.5e+79)
     (+ a -0.3333333333333333)
     (* (* rand 0.3333333333333333) (sqrt a)))))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	double tmp;
	if (rand <= -2.3e+74) {
		tmp = rand * (0.3333333333333333 * sqrt(a));
	} else if (rand <= 3.5e+79) {
		tmp = a + -0.3333333333333333;
	} else {
		tmp = (rand * 0.3333333333333333) * sqrt(a);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, rand)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (rand <= (-2.3d+74)) then
        tmp = rand * (0.3333333333333333d0 * sqrt(a))
    else if (rand <= 3.5d+79) then
        tmp = a + (-0.3333333333333333d0)
    else
        tmp = (rand * 0.3333333333333333d0) * sqrt(a)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	double tmp;
	if (rand <= -2.3e+74) {
		tmp = rand * (0.3333333333333333 * Math.sqrt(a));
	} else if (rand <= 3.5e+79) {
		tmp = a + -0.3333333333333333;
	} else {
		tmp = (rand * 0.3333333333333333) * Math.sqrt(a);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, rand):
	tmp = 0
	if rand <= -2.3e+74:
		tmp = rand * (0.3333333333333333 * math.sqrt(a))
	elif rand <= 3.5e+79:
		tmp = a + -0.3333333333333333
	else:
		tmp = (rand * 0.3333333333333333) * math.sqrt(a)
	return tmp
function code(a, rand)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (rand <= -2.3e+74)
		tmp = Float64(rand * Float64(0.3333333333333333 * sqrt(a)));
	elseif (rand <= 3.5e+79)
		tmp = Float64(a + -0.3333333333333333);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(rand * 0.3333333333333333) * sqrt(a));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, rand)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (rand <= -2.3e+74)
		tmp = rand * (0.3333333333333333 * sqrt(a));
	elseif (rand <= 3.5e+79)
		tmp = a + -0.3333333333333333;
	else
		tmp = (rand * 0.3333333333333333) * sqrt(a);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, rand_] := If[LessEqual[rand, -2.3e+74], N[(rand * N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[rand, 3.5e+79], N[(a + -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(rand * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -2.3 \cdot 10^{+74}:\\
\;\;\;\;rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;rand \leq 3.5 \cdot 10^{+79}:\\
\;\;\;\;a + -0.3333333333333333\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \sqrt{a}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if rand < -2.2999999999999999e74

    1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right)} \]
      3. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}{rand}}\right)\right) \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}}{rand}\right)\right) \]
      5. div-subN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \]
      6. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right)} \]
      7. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      8. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      9. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      10. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \frac{-1}{3}}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      11. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \]
      12. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \frac{\color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}{rand}\right) \]
      13. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \frac{a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}{rand}\right) \]
      14. +-lowering-+.f6499.6

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, \frac{\color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333}}{rand}\right) \]
    5. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, \frac{a + -0.3333333333333333}{rand}\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

      \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)} \]
      2. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}\right) \]
      3. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}\right) \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} + a}}\right) \]
      6. +-lowering-+.f6486.2

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 + a}}\right) \]
    8. Simplified86.2%

      \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{-0.3333333333333333 + a}\right)} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right)} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right) \cdot rand} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]
      3. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]
      4. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]
      5. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f6485.0

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a}}\right) \]
    11. Simplified85.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]

    if -2.2999999999999999e74 < rand < 3.4999999999999998e79

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)} \]
      2. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}} \]
      3. +-lowering-+.f6497.3

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333} \]
    5. Simplified97.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333} \]

    if 3.4999999999999998e79 < rand

    1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right)} \]
      3. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}{rand}}\right)\right) \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}}{rand}\right)\right) \]
      5. div-subN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \]
      6. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right)} \]
      7. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      8. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      9. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      10. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \frac{-1}{3}}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      11. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \]
      12. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \frac{\color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}{rand}\right) \]
      13. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \frac{a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}{rand}\right) \]
      14. +-lowering-+.f6499.4

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, \frac{\color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333}}{rand}\right) \]
    5. Simplified99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, \frac{a + -0.3333333333333333}{rand}\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

      \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)} \]
      2. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}\right) \]
      3. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}\right) \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} + a}}\right) \]
      6. +-lowering-+.f6494.4

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 + a}}\right) \]
    8. Simplified94.4%

      \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{-0.3333333333333333 + a}\right)} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right)} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right) \cdot rand} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]
      3. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]
      4. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]
      5. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f6491.8

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a}}\right) \]
    11. Simplified91.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]
    12. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \sqrt{a}} \]
      2. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \sqrt{a}} \]
      3. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{a} \]
      4. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f6491.9

        \[\leadsto \left(rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a}} \]
    13. Applied egg-rr91.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \sqrt{a}} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 92.3% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -8.8 \cdot 10^{+74}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;rand \leq 1.56 \cdot 10^{+78}:\\ \;\;\;\;a + -0.3333333333333333\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* rand (* 0.3333333333333333 (sqrt a)))))
   (if (<= rand -8.8e+74)
     t_0
     (if (<= rand 1.56e+78) (+ a -0.3333333333333333) t_0))))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	double t_0 = rand * (0.3333333333333333 * sqrt(a));
	double tmp;
	if (rand <= -8.8e+74) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (rand <= 1.56e+78) {
		tmp = a + -0.3333333333333333;
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, rand)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = rand * (0.3333333333333333d0 * sqrt(a))
    if (rand <= (-8.8d+74)) then
        tmp = t_0
    else if (rand <= 1.56d+78) then
        tmp = a + (-0.3333333333333333d0)
    else
        tmp = t_0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	double t_0 = rand * (0.3333333333333333 * Math.sqrt(a));
	double tmp;
	if (rand <= -8.8e+74) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (rand <= 1.56e+78) {
		tmp = a + -0.3333333333333333;
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, rand):
	t_0 = rand * (0.3333333333333333 * math.sqrt(a))
	tmp = 0
	if rand <= -8.8e+74:
		tmp = t_0
	elif rand <= 1.56e+78:
		tmp = a + -0.3333333333333333
	else:
		tmp = t_0
	return tmp
function code(a, rand)
	t_0 = Float64(rand * Float64(0.3333333333333333 * sqrt(a)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (rand <= -8.8e+74)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (rand <= 1.56e+78)
		tmp = Float64(a + -0.3333333333333333);
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, rand)
	t_0 = rand * (0.3333333333333333 * sqrt(a));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (rand <= -8.8e+74)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (rand <= 1.56e+78)
		tmp = a + -0.3333333333333333;
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, rand_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(rand * N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[rand, -8.8e+74], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[rand, 1.56e+78], N[(a + -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -8.8 \cdot 10^{+74}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0\\

\mathbf{elif}\;rand \leq 1.56 \cdot 10^{+78}:\\
\;\;\;\;a + -0.3333333333333333\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if rand < -8.8000000000000005e74 or 1.5599999999999999e78 < rand

    1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right)} \]
      3. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}{rand}}\right)\right) \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}}{rand}\right)\right) \]
      5. div-subN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \]
      6. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right)} \]
      7. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      8. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      9. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      10. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \frac{-1}{3}}}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \]
      11. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \]
      12. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \frac{\color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}{rand}\right) \]
      13. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \frac{a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}{rand}\right) \]
      14. +-lowering-+.f6499.5

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, \frac{\color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333}}{rand}\right) \]
    5. Simplified99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, \frac{a + -0.3333333333333333}{rand}\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

      \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)} \]
      2. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}\right) \]
      3. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}\right) \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} + a}}\right) \]
      6. +-lowering-+.f6490.2

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 + a}}\right) \]
    8. Simplified90.2%

      \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{-0.3333333333333333 + a}\right)} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right)} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right) \cdot rand} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]
      3. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]
      4. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]
      5. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f6488.3

        \[\leadsto rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a}}\right) \]
    11. Simplified88.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)} \]

    if -8.8000000000000005e74 < rand < 1.5599999999999999e78

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)} \]
      2. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}} \]
      3. +-lowering-+.f6497.3

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333} \]
    5. Simplified97.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 99.8% accurate, 2.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333} \cdot 0.3333333333333333, rand, a + -0.3333333333333333\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (fma
  (* (sqrt (+ a -0.3333333333333333)) 0.3333333333333333)
  rand
  (+ a -0.3333333333333333)))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	return fma((sqrt((a + -0.3333333333333333)) * 0.3333333333333333), rand, (a + -0.3333333333333333));
}
function code(a, rand)
	return fma(Float64(sqrt(Float64(a + -0.3333333333333333)) * 0.3333333333333333), rand, Float64(a + -0.3333333333333333))
end
code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(a + -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] * rand + N[(a + -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333} \cdot 0.3333333333333333, rand, a + -0.3333333333333333\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right) + a\right)} - \frac{1}{3} \]
    2. associate--l+N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
    3. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    5. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
    6. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    7. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    8. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    9. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \frac{-1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    10. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    11. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}\right) \]
    12. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}\right) \]
    13. +-lowering-+.f6499.8

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333}\right) \]
  5. Simplified99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, a + -0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot rand} + \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}\right)} \cdot rand + \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \]
    3. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, rand, a + \frac{-1}{3}\right)} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3}}, rand, a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \]
    5. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3}}, rand, a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \]
    6. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}} \cdot \frac{1}{3}, rand, a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \]
    7. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \frac{-1}{3}}} \cdot \frac{1}{3}, rand, a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \]
    8. +-lowering-+.f6499.8

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333} \cdot 0.3333333333333333, rand, \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333}\right) \]
  7. Applied egg-rr99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333} \cdot 0.3333333333333333, rand, a + -0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 99.8% accurate, 2.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, a + -0.3333333333333333\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (fma
  (sqrt (+ a -0.3333333333333333))
  (* rand 0.3333333333333333)
  (+ a -0.3333333333333333)))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	return fma(sqrt((a + -0.3333333333333333)), (rand * 0.3333333333333333), (a + -0.3333333333333333));
}
function code(a, rand)
	return fma(sqrt(Float64(a + -0.3333333333333333)), Float64(rand * 0.3333333333333333), Float64(a + -0.3333333333333333))
end
code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(a + -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(rand * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a + -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, a + -0.3333333333333333\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right) + a\right)} - \frac{1}{3} \]
    2. associate--l+N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
    3. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    5. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
    6. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    7. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    8. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    9. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \frac{-1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    10. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    11. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}\right) \]
    12. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}\right) \]
    13. +-lowering-+.f6499.8

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333}\right) \]
  5. Simplified99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, a + -0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
  6. Final simplification99.8%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, a + -0.3333333333333333\right) \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 68.7% accurate, 2.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq 4.1 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\ \;\;\;\;a + -0.3333333333333333\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(a + -0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand}{rand}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= rand 4.1e+154)
   (+ a -0.3333333333333333)
   (/ (* (+ a -0.3333333333333333) rand) rand)))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	double tmp;
	if (rand <= 4.1e+154) {
		tmp = a + -0.3333333333333333;
	} else {
		tmp = ((a + -0.3333333333333333) * rand) / rand;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, rand)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (rand <= 4.1d+154) then
        tmp = a + (-0.3333333333333333d0)
    else
        tmp = ((a + (-0.3333333333333333d0)) * rand) / rand
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	double tmp;
	if (rand <= 4.1e+154) {
		tmp = a + -0.3333333333333333;
	} else {
		tmp = ((a + -0.3333333333333333) * rand) / rand;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, rand):
	tmp = 0
	if rand <= 4.1e+154:
		tmp = a + -0.3333333333333333
	else:
		tmp = ((a + -0.3333333333333333) * rand) / rand
	return tmp
function code(a, rand)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (rand <= 4.1e+154)
		tmp = Float64(a + -0.3333333333333333);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(a + -0.3333333333333333) * rand) / rand);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, rand)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (rand <= 4.1e+154)
		tmp = a + -0.3333333333333333;
	else
		tmp = ((a + -0.3333333333333333) * rand) / rand;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, rand_] := If[LessEqual[rand, 4.1e+154], N[(a + -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(a + -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision] / rand), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;rand \leq 4.1 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\
\;\;\;\;a + -0.3333333333333333\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\left(a + -0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand}{rand}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if rand < 4.1e154

    1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)} \]
      2. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}} \]
      3. +-lowering-+.f6473.6

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333} \]
    5. Simplified73.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333} \]

    if 4.1e154 < rand

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)} \]
      2. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}} \]
      3. +-lowering-+.f645.5

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333} \]
    5. Simplified5.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-rgt-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot 1} \]
      2. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{rand}^{0}} \]
      3. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot {rand}^{\color{blue}{\left(-1 + 1\right)}} \]
      4. pow-plusN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left({rand}^{-1} \cdot rand\right)} \]
      5. inv-powN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{rand}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      6. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
      7. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a + \frac{-1}{3}}{rand}} \cdot rand \]
      8. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \frac{a + \frac{-1}{3}}{rand}} \]
      9. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{rand \cdot \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right)}{rand}} \]
      10. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{rand \cdot \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right)}{rand}} \]
      11. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot rand}}{rand} \]
      12. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot rand}}{rand} \]
      13. +-lowering-+.f6449.6

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(a + -0.3333333333333333\right)} \cdot rand}{rand} \]
    7. Applied egg-rr49.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(a + -0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand}{rand}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 98.7% accurate, 2.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, a\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (fma (sqrt (+ a -0.3333333333333333)) (* rand 0.3333333333333333) a))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	return fma(sqrt((a + -0.3333333333333333)), (rand * 0.3333333333333333), a);
}
function code(a, rand)
	return fma(sqrt(Float64(a + -0.3333333333333333)), Float64(rand * 0.3333333333333333), a)
end
code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(a + -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(rand * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] + a), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, a\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right) + a\right)} - \frac{1}{3} \]
    2. associate--l+N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
    3. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    5. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
    6. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    7. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    8. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    9. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a + \frac{-1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    10. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    11. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}\right) \]
    12. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}\right) \]
    13. +-lowering-+.f6499.8

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333}\right) \]
  5. Simplified99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, a + -0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in a around inf

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + \frac{-1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \color{blue}{a}\right) \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Simplified99.5%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \color{blue}{a}\right) \]
    2. Final simplification99.5%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}, rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, a\right) \]
    3. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 9: 98.9% accurate, 2.7× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, rand \cdot \sqrt{a}, a + -0.3333333333333333\right) \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a rand)
     :precision binary64
     (fma 0.3333333333333333 (* rand (sqrt a)) (+ a -0.3333333333333333)))
    double code(double a, double rand) {
    	return fma(0.3333333333333333, (rand * sqrt(a)), (a + -0.3333333333333333));
    }
    
    function code(a, rand)
    	return fma(0.3333333333333333, Float64(rand * sqrt(a)), Float64(a + -0.3333333333333333))
    end
    
    code[a_, rand_] := N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[(rand * N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a + -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, rand \cdot \sqrt{a}, a + -0.3333333333333333\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
      2. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand + 1\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
      3. distribute-lft1-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
      4. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}}} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
      5. sqrt-prodN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot rand}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{9} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
      6. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot rand}{\color{blue}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
      7. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{rand}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
      8. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
      9. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \frac{rand}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right), a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
    4. Applied egg-rr99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \frac{rand}{\sqrt{a + -0.3333333333333333}} \cdot \left(a + -0.3333333333333333\right), a + -0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\sqrt{a} \cdot rand}, a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{rand \cdot \sqrt{a}}, a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \]
      2. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{rand \cdot \sqrt{a}}, a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \]
      3. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f6498.8

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, rand \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a}}, a + -0.3333333333333333\right) \]
    7. Simplified98.8%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \color{blue}{rand \cdot \sqrt{a}}, a + -0.3333333333333333\right) \]
    8. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 10: 97.8% accurate, 3.1× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{a}, rand, a\right) \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a rand)
     :precision binary64
     (fma (* 0.3333333333333333 (sqrt a)) rand a))
    double code(double a, double rand) {
    	return fma((0.3333333333333333 * sqrt(a)), rand, a);
    }
    
    function code(a, rand)
    	return fma(Float64(0.3333333333333333 * sqrt(a)), rand, a)
    end
    
    code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * rand + a), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{a}, rand, a\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \]
      2. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      3. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      6. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \]
      7. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\right) \]
      8. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\right) \]
      9. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\color{blue}{rand}}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}}\right) \]
      10. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\right) \]
      11. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)\right)}}}\right) \]
      12. distribute-lft-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{9 \cdot a + 9 \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]
      13. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot a + 9 \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
      14. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot a + 9 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}}\right) \]
      15. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot a + \color{blue}{-3}}}\right) \]
      16. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot a + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right)}}}\right) \]
      17. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(9, a, \mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right)}}}\right) \]
      18. metadata-eval99.9

        \[\leadsto \left(a + -0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(9, a, \color{blue}{-3}\right)}}\right) \]
    4. Applied egg-rr99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + -0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(9, a, -3\right)}}\right)} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right) + 1\right)} \]
      2. distribute-rgt-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right) \cdot a + 1 \cdot a} \]
      3. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot a\right)} + 1 \cdot a \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right)} + 1 \cdot a \]
      5. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right) + \color{blue}{a} \]
      6. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, a \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right), a\right)} \]
      7. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot a}, a\right) \]
      8. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \left(rand \cdot a\right)}, a\right) \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot rand\right)}, a\right) \]
      10. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \left(a \cdot rand\right)}, a\right) \]
      11. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}} \cdot \left(a \cdot rand\right), a\right) \]
      12. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}}} \cdot \left(a \cdot rand\right), a\right) \]
      13. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(rand \cdot a\right)}, a\right) \]
      14. *-lowering-*.f6488.7

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(rand \cdot a\right)}, a\right) \]
    7. Simplified88.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \left(rand \cdot a\right), a\right)} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}\right) \cdot \left(rand \cdot a\right)} + a \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot rand\right)} + a \]
      3. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot rand} + a \]
      4. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}\right) \cdot a, rand, a\right)} \]
      5. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot a\right)}, rand, a\right) \]
      6. pow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{a}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot a\right), rand, a\right) \]
      7. inv-powN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left({\color{blue}{\left({a}^{-1}\right)}}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot a\right), rand, a\right) \]
      8. pow-powN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{a}^{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \cdot a\right), rand, a\right) \]
      9. pow-plusN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1\right)}}, rand, a\right) \]
      10. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot {a}^{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}} + 1\right)}, rand, a\right) \]
      11. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot {a}^{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}}, rand, a\right) \]
      12. pow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a}}, rand, a\right) \]
      13. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}}, rand, a\right) \]
      14. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f6498.8

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a}}, rand, a\right) \]
    9. Applied egg-rr98.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sqrt{a}, rand, a\right)} \]
    10. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 11: 97.8% accurate, 3.1× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a}, rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, a\right) \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a rand)
     :precision binary64
     (fma (sqrt a) (* rand 0.3333333333333333) a))
    double code(double a, double rand) {
    	return fma(sqrt(a), (rand * 0.3333333333333333), a);
    }
    
    function code(a, rand)
    	return fma(sqrt(a), Float64(rand * 0.3333333333333333), a)
    end
    
    code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision] * N[(rand * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] + a), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a}, rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, a\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \]
      2. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      3. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      6. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \]
      7. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\right) \]
      8. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\right) \]
      9. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\color{blue}{rand}}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}}\right) \]
      10. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\right) \]
      11. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)\right)}}}\right) \]
      12. distribute-lft-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{9 \cdot a + 9 \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]
      13. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot a + 9 \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
      14. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot a + 9 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}}\right) \]
      15. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot a + \color{blue}{-3}}}\right) \]
      16. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{9 \cdot a + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right)}}}\right) \]
      17. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{-1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(9, a, \mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right)}}}\right) \]
      18. metadata-eval99.9

        \[\leadsto \left(a + -0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(9, a, \color{blue}{-3}\right)}}\right) \]
    4. Applied egg-rr99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + -0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(9, a, -3\right)}}\right)} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right) + 1\right)} \]
      2. distribute-rgt-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right) \cdot a + 1 \cdot a} \]
      3. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot a\right)} + 1 \cdot a \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right)} + 1 \cdot a \]
      5. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right) + \color{blue}{a} \]
      6. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, a \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right), a\right)} \]
      7. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot a}, a\right) \]
      8. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \left(rand \cdot a\right)}, a\right) \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot rand\right)}, a\right) \]
      10. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \left(a \cdot rand\right)}, a\right) \]
      11. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}} \cdot \left(a \cdot rand\right), a\right) \]
      12. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}}} \cdot \left(a \cdot rand\right), a\right) \]
      13. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(rand \cdot a\right)}, a\right) \]
      14. *-lowering-*.f6488.7

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(rand \cdot a\right)}, a\right) \]
    7. Simplified88.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \left(rand \cdot a\right), a\right)} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \left(rand \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3}} + a \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot rand\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} + a \]
      3. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot a\right) \cdot rand\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + a \]
      4. pow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{a}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot a\right) \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} + a \]
      5. inv-powN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left({\color{blue}{\left({a}^{-1}\right)}}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot a\right) \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} + a \]
      6. pow-powN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{{a}^{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \cdot a\right) \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} + a \]
      7. pow-plusN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{{a}^{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 1\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} + a \]
      8. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({a}^{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}} + 1\right)} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} + a \]
      9. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({a}^{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} + a \]
      10. pow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} + a \]
      11. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{a} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}\right)} + a \]
      12. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{a} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right)} + a \]
      13. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a\right)} \]
      14. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a}}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a\right) \]
      15. *-lowering-*.f6498.7

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a}, \color{blue}{0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand}, a\right) \]
    9. Applied egg-rr98.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a}, 0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, a\right)} \]
    10. Final simplification98.7%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a}, rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, a\right) \]
    11. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 12: 62.7% accurate, 17.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ a + -0.3333333333333333 \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a rand) :precision binary64 (+ a -0.3333333333333333))
    double code(double a, double rand) {
    	return a + -0.3333333333333333;
    }
    
    real(8) function code(a, rand)
        real(8), intent (in) :: a
        real(8), intent (in) :: rand
        code = a + (-0.3333333333333333d0)
    end function
    
    public static double code(double a, double rand) {
    	return a + -0.3333333333333333;
    }
    
    def code(a, rand):
    	return a + -0.3333333333333333
    
    function code(a, rand)
    	return Float64(a + -0.3333333333333333)
    end
    
    function tmp = code(a, rand)
    	tmp = a + -0.3333333333333333;
    end
    
    code[a_, rand_] := N[(a + -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    a + -0.3333333333333333
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)} \]
      2. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}} \]
      3. +-lowering-+.f6463.7

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333} \]
    5. Simplified63.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333} \]
    6. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 13: 61.6% accurate, 68.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ a \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a rand) :precision binary64 a)
    double code(double a, double rand) {
    	return a;
    }
    
    real(8) function code(a, rand)
        real(8), intent (in) :: a
        real(8), intent (in) :: rand
        code = a
    end function
    
    public static double code(double a, double rand) {
    	return a;
    }
    
    def code(a, rand):
    	return a
    
    function code(a, rand)
    	return a
    end
    
    function tmp = code(a, rand)
    	tmp = a;
    end
    
    code[a_, rand_] := a
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    a
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)} \]
      2. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}} \]
      3. +-lowering-+.f6463.7

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333} \]
    5. Simplified63.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Simplified63.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 14: 1.6% accurate, 68.0× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -0.3333333333333333 \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a rand) :precision binary64 -0.3333333333333333)
      double code(double a, double rand) {
      	return -0.3333333333333333;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(a, rand)
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: rand
          code = -0.3333333333333333d0
      end function
      
      public static double code(double a, double rand) {
      	return -0.3333333333333333;
      }
      
      def code(a, rand):
      	return -0.3333333333333333
      
      function code(a, rand)
      	return -0.3333333333333333
      end
      
      function tmp = code(a, rand)
      	tmp = -0.3333333333333333;
      end
      
      code[a_, rand_] := -0.3333333333333333
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      -0.3333333333333333
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.8%

        \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. sub-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right)} \]
        2. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}} \]
        3. +-lowering-+.f6463.7

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333} \]
      5. Simplified63.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -0.3333333333333333} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in a around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Simplified1.5%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing

        Reproduce

        ?
        herbie shell --seed 2024205 
        (FPCore (a rand)
          :name "Octave 3.8, oct_fill_randg"
          :precision binary64
          (* (- a (/ 1.0 3.0)) (+ 1.0 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt (* 9.0 (- a (/ 1.0 3.0))))) rand))))