Maksimov and Kolovsky, Equation (3)

Percentage Accurate: 73.8% → 99.2%

Time: 11.9s

Alternatives: 12

Speedup: 0.4×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0))))
   (* (* (* -2.0 J) t_0) (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U (* (* 2.0 J) t_0)) 2.0))))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(j, k, u)
    real(8), intent (in) :: j
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = cos((k / 2.0d0))
    code = (((-2.0d0) * j) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0d0 + ((u / ((2.0d0 * j) * t_0)) ** 2.0d0)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)));
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)))

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	tmp = ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)) ^ 2.0)));
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U / N[(N[(2.0 * J), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Initial Program: 73.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0))))
   (* (* (* -2.0 J) t_0) (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U (* (* 2.0 J) t_0)) 2.0))))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(j, k, u)
    real(8), intent (in) :: j
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = cos((k / 2.0d0))
    code = (((-2.0d0) * j) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0d0 + ((u / ((2.0d0 * j) * t_0)) ** 2.0d0)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)));
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)))

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	tmp = ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)) ^ 2.0)));
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U / N[(N[(2.0 * J), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Alternative 1: 99.2% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{t\_0 \cdot \left(J\_m \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+286}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* t_0 (* J_m 2.0))) 2.0))))))
   (* J_s (if (<= t_1 (- INFINITY)) (- U_m) (if (<= t_1 5e+286) t_1 U_m)))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= 5e+286) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Java

U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= 5e+286) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Python

U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)))
	tmp = 0
	if t_1 <= -math.inf:
		tmp = -U_m
	elif t_1 <= 5e+286:
		tmp = t_1
	else:
		tmp = U_m
	return J_s * tmp

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(t_0 * Float64(J_m * 2.0))) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_1 <= 5e+286)
		tmp = t_1;
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

MATLAB

U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))) ^ 2.0)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_1 <= -Inf)
		tmp = -U_m;
	elseif (t_1 <= 5e+286)
		tmp = t_1;
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(t$95$0 * N[(J$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$1, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 5e+286], t$95$1, U$95$m]]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 6.5%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)} \]

      2. neg-lowering-neg.f64 63.6

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   5. Simplified 63.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 5.0000000000000004e286

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   if 5.0000000000000004e286 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 13.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Simplified 53.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 87.1%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+286}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 85.1% accurate, 0.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\\ t_2 := t\_1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{t\_0 \cdot \left(J\_m \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}}\\ t_3 := \left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{+162}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq -5 \cdot 10^{+66}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1 \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{U\_m \cdot U\_m}{J\_m \cdot J\_m}, 1\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-240}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{J\_m \cdot 2}\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+286}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1 (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0))
        (t_2 (* t_1 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* t_0 (* J_m 2.0))) 2.0)))))
        (t_3 (* (* -2.0 J_m) (cos (* K 0.5)))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_2 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_2 -1e+162)
        t_3
        (if (<= t_2 -5e+66)
          (* t_1 (sqrt (fma 0.25 (/ (* U_m U_m) (* J_m J_m)) 1.0)))
          (if (<= t_2 -2e-240)
            (* (* -2.0 J_m) (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* J_m 2.0)) 2.0))))
            (if (<= t_2 5e+286) t_3 U_m))))))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = (-2.0 * J_m) * t_0;
	double t_2 = t_1 * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)));
	double t_3 = (-2.0 * J_m) * cos((K * 0.5));
	double tmp;
	if (t_2 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_2 <= -1e+162) {
		tmp = t_3;
	} else if (t_2 <= -5e+66) {
		tmp = t_1 * sqrt(fma(0.25, ((U_m * U_m) / (J_m * J_m)), 1.0));
	} else if (t_2 <= -2e-240) {
		tmp = (-2.0 * J_m) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / (J_m * 2.0)), 2.0)));
	} else if (t_2 <= 5e+286) {
		tmp = t_3;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0)
	t_2 = Float64(t_1 * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(t_0 * Float64(J_m * 2.0))) ^ 2.0))))
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * cos(Float64(K * 0.5)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_2 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_2 <= -1e+162)
		tmp = t_3;
	elseif (t_2 <= -5e+66)
		tmp = Float64(t_1 * sqrt(fma(0.25, Float64(Float64(U_m * U_m) / Float64(J_m * J_m)), 1.0)));
	elseif (t_2 <= -2e-240)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(J_m * 2.0)) ^ 2.0))));
	elseif (t_2 <= 5e+286)
		tmp = t_3;
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$1 * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(t$95$0 * N[(J$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(K * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$2, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$2, -1e+162], t$95$3, If[LessEqual[t$95$2, -5e+66], N[(t$95$1 * N[Sqrt[N[(0.25 * N[(N[(U$95$m * U$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / N[(J$95$m * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$2, -2e-240], N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(J$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$2, 5e+286], t$95$3, U$95$m]]]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 5 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 6.5%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)} \]

      2. neg-lowering-neg.f64 63.6

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   5. Simplified 63.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -9.9999999999999994e161 or -1.9999999999999999e-240 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 5.0000000000000004e286

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in J around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

      3. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

      4. cos-lowering-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      5. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 76.2

         \[\leadsto \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

   5. Simplified 76.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

   if -9.9999999999999994e161 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -4.99999999999999991e66

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}} \]

      2. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} + 1}} \]

      3. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, 1\right)}} \]

      4. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \color{blue}{\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}, 1\right)} \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{\color{blue}{U \cdot U}}{{J}^{2}}, 1\right)} \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{\color{blue}{U \cdot U}}{{J}^{2}}, 1\right)} \]

      7. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{U \cdot U}{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}, 1\right)} \]

      8. *-lowering-*.f64 79.7

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{U \cdot U}{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}, 1\right)} \]

   5. Simplified 79.7%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 1\right)}} \]

   if -4.99999999999999991e66 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -1.9999999999999999e-240

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-lowering-*.f64 57.8

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   5. Simplified 57.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot J}}\right)}^{2}} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-lowering-*.f64 70.2

         \[\leadsto \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot J}}\right)}^{2}} \]

   8. Simplified 70.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot J}}\right)}^{2}} \]

   if 5.0000000000000004e286 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 13.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Simplified 53.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 5 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 69.8%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -1 \cdot 10^{+162}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -5 \cdot 10^{+66}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 1\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-240}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{J \cdot 2}\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+286}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 83.6% accurate, 0.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{t\_0 \cdot \left(J\_m \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}}\\ t_2 := \left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+104}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-240}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{J\_m \cdot 2}\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+286}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* t_0 (* J_m 2.0))) 2.0)))))
        (t_2 (* (* -2.0 J_m) (cos (* K 0.5)))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_1 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_1 -2e+104)
        t_2
        (if (<= t_1 -2e-240)
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* J_m 2.0)) 2.0))))
          (if (<= t_1 5e+286) t_2 U_m)))))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)));
	double t_2 = (-2.0 * J_m) * cos((K * 0.5));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= -2e+104) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (t_1 <= -2e-240) {
		tmp = (-2.0 * J_m) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / (J_m * 2.0)), 2.0)));
	} else if (t_1 <= 5e+286) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Java

U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)));
	double t_2 = (-2.0 * J_m) * Math.cos((K * 0.5));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= -2e+104) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (t_1 <= -2e-240) {
		tmp = (-2.0 * J_m) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U_m / (J_m * 2.0)), 2.0)));
	} else if (t_1 <= 5e+286) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Python

U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)))
	t_2 = (-2.0 * J_m) * math.cos((K * 0.5))
	tmp = 0
	if t_1 <= -math.inf:
		tmp = -U_m
	elif t_1 <= -2e+104:
		tmp = t_2
	elif t_1 <= -2e-240:
		tmp = (-2.0 * J_m) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U_m / (J_m * 2.0)), 2.0)))
	elif t_1 <= 5e+286:
		tmp = t_2
	else:
		tmp = U_m
	return J_s * tmp

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(t_0 * Float64(J_m * 2.0))) ^ 2.0))))
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * cos(Float64(K * 0.5)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_1 <= -2e+104)
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (t_1 <= -2e-240)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(J_m * 2.0)) ^ 2.0))));
	elseif (t_1 <= 5e+286)
		tmp = t_2;
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

MATLAB

U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))) ^ 2.0)));
	t_2 = (-2.0 * J_m) * cos((K * 0.5));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_1 <= -Inf)
		tmp = -U_m;
	elseif (t_1 <= -2e+104)
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (t_1 <= -2e-240)
		tmp = (-2.0 * J_m) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / (J_m * 2.0)) ^ 2.0)));
	elseif (t_1 <= 5e+286)
		tmp = t_2;
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(t$95$0 * N[(J$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(K * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$1, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -2e+104], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -2e-240], N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(J$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 5e+286], t$95$2, U$95$m]]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 4 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 6.5%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)} \]

      2. neg-lowering-neg.f64 63.6

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   5. Simplified 63.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -2e104 or -1.9999999999999999e-240 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 5.0000000000000004e286

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in J around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

      3. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

      4. cos-lowering-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      5. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 74.7

         \[\leadsto \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

   5. Simplified 74.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

   if -2e104 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -1.9999999999999999e-240

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-lowering-*.f64 55.8

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   5. Simplified 55.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot J}}\right)}^{2}} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-lowering-*.f64 66.4

         \[\leadsto \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot J}}\right)}^{2}} \]

   8. Simplified 66.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot J}}\right)}^{2}} \]

   if 5.0000000000000004e286 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 13.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Simplified 53.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 67.8%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+104}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-240}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{J \cdot 2}\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+286}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 80.0% accurate, 0.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{t\_0 \cdot \left(J\_m \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}}\\ t_2 := \left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+104}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-72}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{U\_m \cdot U\_m}{J\_m \cdot J\_m}, 1\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+286}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* t_0 (* J_m 2.0))) 2.0)))))
        (t_2 (* (* -2.0 J_m) (cos (* K 0.5)))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_1 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_1 -2e+104)
        t_2
        (if (<= t_1 -1e-72)
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) (sqrt (fma 0.25 (/ (* U_m U_m) (* J_m J_m)) 1.0)))
          (if (<= t_1 5e+286) t_2 U_m)))))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)));
	double t_2 = (-2.0 * J_m) * cos((K * 0.5));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= -2e+104) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (t_1 <= -1e-72) {
		tmp = (-2.0 * J_m) * sqrt(fma(0.25, ((U_m * U_m) / (J_m * J_m)), 1.0));
	} else if (t_1 <= 5e+286) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(t_0 * Float64(J_m * 2.0))) ^ 2.0))))
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * cos(Float64(K * 0.5)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_1 <= -2e+104)
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (t_1 <= -1e-72)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * sqrt(fma(0.25, Float64(Float64(U_m * U_m) / Float64(J_m * J_m)), 1.0)));
	elseif (t_1 <= 5e+286)
		tmp = t_2;
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(t$95$0 * N[(J$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(K * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$1, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -2e+104], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -1e-72], N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(0.25 * N[(N[(U$95$m * U$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / N[(J$95$m * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 5e+286], t$95$2, U$95$m]]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 4 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 6.5%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)} \]

      2. neg-lowering-neg.f64 63.6

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   5. Simplified 63.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -2e104 or -9.9999999999999997e-73 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 5.0000000000000004e286

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in J around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

      3. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

      4. cos-lowering-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      5. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 73.7

         \[\leadsto \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

   5. Simplified 73.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

   if -2e104 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -9.9999999999999997e-73

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

      3. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

      4. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      5. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} + 1}} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      6. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, 1\right)}} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      7. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \color{blue}{\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}, 1\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      8. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{\color{blue}{U \cdot U}}{{J}^{2}}, 1\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      9. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{\color{blue}{U \cdot U}}{{J}^{2}}, 1\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{U \cdot U}{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}, 1\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      11. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{U \cdot U}{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}, 1\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      12. *-lowering-*.f64 61.1

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

   5. Simplified 61.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 1\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

   if 5.0000000000000004e286 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 13.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Simplified 53.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 67.2%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+104}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-72}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 1\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+286}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 67.4% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{t\_0 \cdot \left(J\_m \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-133}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{U\_m \cdot U\_m}{J\_m \cdot J\_m}, 1\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-257}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(J\_m \cdot \frac{2}{U\_m}, J\_m, U\_m\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* t_0 (* J_m 2.0))) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_1 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_1 -5e-133)
        (* (* -2.0 J_m) (sqrt (fma 0.25 (/ (* U_m U_m) (* J_m J_m)) 1.0)))
        (if (<= t_1 -2e-257) (- U_m) (fma (* J_m (/ 2.0 U_m)) J_m U_m)))))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= -5e-133) {
		tmp = (-2.0 * J_m) * sqrt(fma(0.25, ((U_m * U_m) / (J_m * J_m)), 1.0));
	} else if (t_1 <= -2e-257) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = fma((J_m * (2.0 / U_m)), J_m, U_m);
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(t_0 * Float64(J_m * 2.0))) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_1 <= -5e-133)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * sqrt(fma(0.25, Float64(Float64(U_m * U_m) / Float64(J_m * J_m)), 1.0)));
	elseif (t_1 <= -2e-257)
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	else
		tmp = fma(Float64(J_m * Float64(2.0 / U_m)), J_m, U_m);
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(t$95$0 * N[(J$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$1, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -5e-133], N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(0.25 * N[(N[(U$95$m * U$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / N[(J$95$m * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -2e-257], (-U$95$m), N[(N[(J$95$m * N[(2.0 / U$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * J$95$m + U$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0 or -4.9999999999999999e-133 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -2e-257

   1. Initial program 23.3%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)} \]

      2. neg-lowering-neg.f64 60.7

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   5. Simplified 60.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -4.9999999999999999e-133

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

      3. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

      4. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      5. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} + 1}} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      6. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, 1\right)}} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      7. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \color{blue}{\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}, 1\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      8. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{\color{blue}{U \cdot U}}{{J}^{2}}, 1\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      9. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{\color{blue}{U \cdot U}}{{J}^{2}}, 1\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{U \cdot U}{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}, 1\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      11. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{U \cdot U}{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}, 1\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      12. *-lowering-*.f64 46.1

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

   5. Simplified 46.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 1\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

   if -2e-257 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 74.4%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right)} \]

      2. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right)} \]

      3. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right) \]

      4. neg-lowering-neg.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right) \]

      5. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)} \]

      6. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]

      7. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right)} \]

      8. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{\color{blue}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2} \cdot {J}^{2}}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right) \]

      9. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \color{blue}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}}}, -1\right) \]

      10. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \color{blue}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}}}, -1\right) \]

      11. pow-lowering-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \color{blue}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right) \]

      12. cos-lowering-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}}^{2} \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right) \]

      13. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}}^{2} \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right) \]

      14. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}}}, -1\right) \]

      15. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right) \]

      16. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right) \]

      17. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{J \cdot J}{\color{blue}{U \cdot U}}, -1\right) \]

      18. *-lowering-*.f64 25.3

          \[\leadsto \left(-U\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{J \cdot J}{\color{blue}{U \cdot U}}, -1\right) \]

   5. Simplified 25.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-U\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{J \cdot J}{U \cdot U}, -1\right)} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right)\right)} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(U \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right)\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right) \cdot U}\right) \]

      3. distribute-rgt-neg-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right)} \]

      4. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot U\right)} \]

      5. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot U\right)} \]

      6. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot U\right) \]

      7. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot U\right) \]

      8. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right)} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot U\right) \]

      9. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \color{blue}{\frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}}}, -1\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot U\right) \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot U\right) \]

      11. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot U\right) \]

      12. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{J \cdot J}{\color{blue}{U \cdot U}}, -1\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot U\right) \]

      13. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{J \cdot J}{\color{blue}{U \cdot U}}, -1\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot U\right) \]

      14. mul-1-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{J \cdot J}{U \cdot U}, -1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right)} \]

      15. neg-lowering-neg.f64 25.3

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{J \cdot J}{U \cdot U}, -1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-U\right)} \]

   8. Simplified 25.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{J \cdot J}{U \cdot U}, -1\right) \cdot \left(-U\right)} \]

   9. Taylor expanded in J around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{J}^{2} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{U} + \frac{U}{{J}^{2}}\right)} \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{J}^{2} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{U} + \frac{U}{{J}^{2}}\right)} \]

       2. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot J\right)} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{U} + \frac{U}{{J}^{2}}\right) \]

       3. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot J\right)} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{U} + \frac{U}{{J}^{2}}\right) \]

       4. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{U} + \frac{U}{{J}^{2}}\right)} \]

       5. associate-*r/ N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot 1}{U}} + \frac{U}{{J}^{2}}\right) \]

       6. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{2}}{U} + \frac{U}{{J}^{2}}\right) \]

       7. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{2}{U}} + \frac{U}{{J}^{2}}\right) \]

       8. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\frac{2}{U} + \color{blue}{\frac{U}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \]

       9. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\frac{2}{U} + \frac{U}{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}\right) \]

       10. *-lowering-*.f64 13.5

           \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\frac{2}{U} + \frac{U}{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}\right) \]

   11. Simplified 13.5%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\frac{2}{U} + \frac{U}{J \cdot J}\right)} \]
   12. Step-by-step derivation

       1. distribute-lft-in N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \frac{2}{U} + \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \frac{U}{J \cdot J}} \]

       2. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{U} \cdot \left(J \cdot J\right)} + \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \frac{U}{J \cdot J} \]

       3. associate-*r* N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J\right) \cdot J} + \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \frac{U}{J \cdot J} \]

       4. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \frac{U}{J \cdot J}\right)} \]

       5. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{2}{U} \cdot J}, J, \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \frac{U}{J \cdot J}\right) \]

       6. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{2}{U}} \cdot J, J, \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \frac{U}{J \cdot J}\right) \]

       7. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, \color{blue}{\frac{U}{J \cdot J} \cdot \left(J \cdot J\right)}\right) \]

       8. div-inv N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \frac{1}{J \cdot J}\right)} \cdot \left(J \cdot J\right)\right) \]

       9. associate-*l* N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, \color{blue}{U \cdot \left(\frac{1}{J \cdot J} \cdot \left(J \cdot J\right)\right)}\right) \]

       10. inv-pow N/A

           \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, U \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{\left(J \cdot J\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \left(J \cdot J\right)\right)\right) \]

       11. pow-plus N/A

           \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, U \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(J \cdot J\right)}^{\left(-1 + 1\right)}}\right) \]

       12. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, U \cdot {\left(J \cdot J\right)}^{\color{blue}{0}}\right) \]

       13. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, U \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \]

       14. *-lowering-*.f64 28.1

           \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, \color{blue}{U \cdot 1}\right) \]

   13. Applied egg-rr 28.1%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, U \cdot 1\right)} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 39.8%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-133}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 1\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-257}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(J \cdot \frac{2}{U}, J, U\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 99.0% accurate, 0.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\\ t_2 := t\_1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{t\_0 \cdot \left(J\_m \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+286}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U\_m}{J\_m \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U\_m}{\left(J\_m \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1 (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0))
        (t_2 (* t_1 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* t_0 (* J_m 2.0))) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_2 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_2 5e+286)
        (*
         t_1
         (sqrt
          (+
           1.0
           (*
            (/ U_m (* J_m 2.0))
            (/ U_m (* (* J_m 2.0) (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* K 0.5)))))))))))
        U_m)))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = (-2.0 * J_m) * t_0;
	double t_2 = t_1 * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_2 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_2 <= 5e+286) {
		tmp = t_1 * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / (J_m * 2.0)) * (U_m / ((J_m * 2.0) * (0.5 + (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (K * 0.5))))))))));
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Java

U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = (-2.0 * J_m) * t_0;
	double t_2 = t_1 * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_2 <= -Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_2 <= 5e+286) {
		tmp = t_1 * Math.sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / (J_m * 2.0)) * (U_m / ((J_m * 2.0) * (0.5 + (0.5 * Math.cos((2.0 * (K * 0.5))))))))));
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Python

U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	t_1 = (-2.0 * J_m) * t_0
	t_2 = t_1 * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)))
	tmp = 0
	if t_2 <= -math.inf:
		tmp = -U_m
	elif t_2 <= 5e+286:
		tmp = t_1 * math.sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / (J_m * 2.0)) * (U_m / ((J_m * 2.0) * (0.5 + (0.5 * math.cos((2.0 * (K * 0.5))))))))))
	else:
		tmp = U_m
	return J_s * tmp

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0)
	t_2 = Float64(t_1 * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(t_0 * Float64(J_m * 2.0))) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_2 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_2 <= 5e+286)
		tmp = Float64(t_1 * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(U_m / Float64(J_m * 2.0)) * Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(J_m * 2.0) * Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(K * 0.5)))))))))));
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

MATLAB

U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	t_1 = (-2.0 * J_m) * t_0;
	t_2 = t_1 * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))) ^ 2.0)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_2 <= -Inf)
		tmp = -U_m;
	elseif (t_2 <= 5e+286)
		tmp = t_1 * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / (J_m * 2.0)) * (U_m / ((J_m * 2.0) * (0.5 + (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (K * 0.5))))))))));
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$1 * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(t$95$0 * N[(J$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$2, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$2, 5e+286], N[(t$95$1 * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[(N[(U$95$m / N[(J$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(J$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(K * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], U$95$m]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 6.5%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)} \]

      2. neg-lowering-neg.f64 63.6

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   5. Simplified 63.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 5.0000000000000004e286

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}} \]

      2. associate-/r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{U}{2 \cdot J}}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} \]

      3. frac-times N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{U}{2 \cdot J} \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}} \]

      4. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{2 \cdot J} \cdot U}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}} \]

      5. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{U}{2 \cdot J} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}} \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{U}{2 \cdot J} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}} \]

      7. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{U}{2 \cdot J}} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} \]

      8. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{\color{blue}{J \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} \]

      9. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{\color{blue}{J \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} \]

      10. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left(\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}} \]

      11. associate-*l* N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}} \]

      12. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}} \]

      13. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(J \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}} \]

      14. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(J \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}} \]

      15. sqr-cos-a N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}} \]

      16. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}} \]

      17. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]

      18. cos-lowering-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]

      19. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]

   4. Applied egg-rr 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}} \]

   if 5.0000000000000004e286 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 13.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Simplified 53.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 87.0%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+286}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 96.5% accurate, 0.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{t\_0 \cdot \left(J\_m \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+286}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot \left(J\_m \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U\_m \cdot \frac{U\_m}{J\_m}}{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(J\_m, \cos K, J\_m\right)}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* t_0 (* J_m 2.0))) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_1 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_1 5e+286)
        (*
         (* -2.0 (* J_m (cos (* K 0.5))))
         (sqrt (+ 1.0 (/ (* U_m (/ U_m J_m)) (* 2.0 (fma J_m (cos K) J_m))))))
        U_m)))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= 5e+286) {
		tmp = (-2.0 * (J_m * cos((K * 0.5)))) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m * (U_m / J_m)) / (2.0 * fma(J_m, cos(K), J_m)))));
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(t_0 * Float64(J_m * 2.0))) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_1 <= 5e+286)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(J_m * cos(Float64(K * 0.5)))) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(U_m * Float64(U_m / J_m)) / Float64(2.0 * fma(J_m, cos(K), J_m))))));
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(t$95$0 * N[(J$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$1, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 5e+286], N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(J$95$m * N[Cos[N[(K * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[(N[(U$95$m * N[(U$95$m / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * N[(J$95$m * N[Cos[K], $MachinePrecision] + J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], U$95$m]]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 6.5%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)} \]

      2. neg-lowering-neg.f64 63.6

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   5. Simplified 63.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 5.0000000000000004e286

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}} \]

      2. associate-/r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{U}{2 \cdot J}}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} \]

      3. frac-times N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{U}{2 \cdot J} \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}} \]

      4. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{2 \cdot J} \cdot U}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}} \]

      5. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{U}{2 \cdot J} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}} \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{U}{2 \cdot J} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}} \]

      7. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{U}{2 \cdot J}} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} \]

      8. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{\color{blue}{J \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} \]

      9. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{\color{blue}{J \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} \]

      10. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left(\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}} \]

      11. associate-*l* N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}} \]

      12. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}} \]

      13. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(J \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}} \]

      14. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(J \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}} \]

      15. sqr-cos-a N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}} \]

      16. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}} \]

      17. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]

      18. cos-lowering-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]

      19. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]

   4. Applied egg-rr 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{U}{J \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{U}{J}}{2}} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      2. frac-times N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \left(\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)}}} \]

      3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \left(\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)}}} \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}}{2 \cdot \left(\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      5. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{U}{J}} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \left(\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)}}} \]

      7. distribute-lft-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)}}} \]

      8. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) + \left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}} \]

      9. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} + \left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \]

      10. associate-*l* N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(J \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \]

      11. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \left(\left(J \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \]

      12. *-rgt-identity N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{J} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \left(J \cdot 2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \]

      13. associate-*l* N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + J \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right)}} \]

      15. *-rgt-identity N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \color{blue}{J}\right)}} \]

      16. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(J, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right), J\right)}}} \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(J, \cos K, J\right)}}} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(J, \cos K, J\right)}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(J, \cos K, J\right)}} \]

      3. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(J, \cos K, J\right)}} \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot -2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(J, \cos K, J\right)}} \]

      5. div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(J \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(J, \cos K, J\right)}} \]

      6. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(J, \cos K, J\right)}} \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(J \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(J, \cos K, J\right)}} \]

      8. cos-lowering-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(J \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(J, \cos K, J\right)}} \]

      9. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(J \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(J, \cos K, J\right)}} \]

      10. *-lowering-*.f64 97.6

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(J \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(K \cdot 0.5\right)}\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(J, \cos K, J\right)}} \]

   8. Applied egg-rr 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot U}{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(J, \cos K, J\right)}} \]

   if 5.0000000000000004e286 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 13.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Simplified 53.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 85.6%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+286}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{U \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(J, \cos K, J\right)}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 90.2% accurate, 0.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\\ t_2 := t\_1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{t\_0 \cdot \left(J\_m \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+286}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1 \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{U\_m}{J\_m} \cdot \frac{U\_m}{J\_m}, 1\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1 (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0))
        (t_2 (* t_1 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* t_0 (* J_m 2.0))) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_2 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_2 5e+286)
        (* t_1 (sqrt (fma 0.25 (* (/ U_m J_m) (/ U_m J_m)) 1.0)))
        U_m)))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = (-2.0 * J_m) * t_0;
	double t_2 = t_1 * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_2 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_2 <= 5e+286) {
		tmp = t_1 * sqrt(fma(0.25, ((U_m / J_m) * (U_m / J_m)), 1.0));
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0)
	t_2 = Float64(t_1 * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(t_0 * Float64(J_m * 2.0))) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_2 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_2 <= 5e+286)
		tmp = Float64(t_1 * sqrt(fma(0.25, Float64(Float64(U_m / J_m) * Float64(U_m / J_m)), 1.0)));
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$1 * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(t$95$0 * N[(J$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$2, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$2, 5e+286], N[(t$95$1 * N[Sqrt[N[(0.25 * N[(N[(U$95$m / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(U$95$m / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], U$95$m]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 6.5%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)} \]

      2. neg-lowering-neg.f64 63.6

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   5. Simplified 63.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 5.0000000000000004e286

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}} \]

      2. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} + 1}} \]

      3. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, 1\right)}} \]

      4. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \color{blue}{\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}, 1\right)} \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{\color{blue}{U \cdot U}}{{J}^{2}}, 1\right)} \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{\color{blue}{U \cdot U}}{{J}^{2}}, 1\right)} \]

      7. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{U \cdot U}{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}, 1\right)} \]

      8. *-lowering-*.f64 73.5

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{U \cdot U}{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}, 1\right)} \]

   5. Simplified 73.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 1\right)}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \color{blue}{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}, 1\right)} \]

      2. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \color{blue}{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}, 1\right)} \]

      3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \color{blue}{\frac{U}{J}} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, 1\right)} \]

      4. /-lowering-/.f64 87.3

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{U}{J} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{U}{J}}, 1\right)} \]

   7. Applied egg-rr 87.3%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \color{blue}{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}, 1\right)} \]

   if 5.0000000000000004e286 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 13.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Simplified 53.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 78.5%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+286}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, 1\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 61.8% accurate, 0.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{t\_0 \cdot \left(J\_m \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-257}:\\ \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot J\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(J\_m \cdot \frac{2}{U\_m}, J\_m, U\_m\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* t_0 (* J_m 2.0))) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_1 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_1 -2e-257) (* -2.0 J_m) (fma (* J_m (/ 2.0 U_m)) J_m U_m))))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= -2e-257) {
		tmp = -2.0 * J_m;
	} else {
		tmp = fma((J_m * (2.0 / U_m)), J_m, U_m);
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(t_0 * Float64(J_m * 2.0))) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_1 <= -2e-257)
		tmp = Float64(-2.0 * J_m);
	else
		tmp = fma(Float64(J_m * Float64(2.0 / U_m)), J_m, U_m);
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(t$95$0 * N[(J$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$1, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -2e-257], N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(J$95$m * N[(2.0 / U$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * J$95$m + U$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 6.5%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)} \]

      2. neg-lowering-neg.f64 63.6

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   5. Simplified 63.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -2e-257

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in J around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

      3. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

      4. cos-lowering-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      5. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 68.0

         \[\leadsto \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

   5. Simplified 68.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot J} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot -2} \]

      2. *-lowering-*.f64 33.8

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot -2} \]

   8. Simplified 33.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot -2} \]

   if -2e-257 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 74.4%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right)} \]

      2. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right)} \]

      3. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right) \]

      4. neg-lowering-neg.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right) \]

      5. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)} \]

      6. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]

      7. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right)} \]

      8. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{\color{blue}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2} \cdot {J}^{2}}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right) \]

      9. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \color{blue}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}}}, -1\right) \]

      10. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \color{blue}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}}}, -1\right) \]

      11. pow-lowering-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \color{blue}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right) \]

      12. cos-lowering-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}}^{2} \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right) \]

      13. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}}^{2} \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right) \]

      14. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}}}, -1\right) \]

      15. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right) \]

      16. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right) \]

      17. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{J \cdot J}{\color{blue}{U \cdot U}}, -1\right) \]

      18. *-lowering-*.f64 25.3

          \[\leadsto \left(-U\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{J \cdot J}{\color{blue}{U \cdot U}}, -1\right) \]

   5. Simplified 25.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-U\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{J \cdot J}{U \cdot U}, -1\right)} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right)\right)} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(U \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right)\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right) \cdot U}\right) \]

      3. distribute-rgt-neg-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right)} \]

      4. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot U\right)} \]

      5. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} - 1\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot U\right)} \]

      6. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot U\right) \]

      7. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}} + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot U\right) \]

      8. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right)} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot U\right) \]

      9. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \color{blue}{\frac{{J}^{2}}{{U}^{2}}}, -1\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot U\right) \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot U\right) \]

      11. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}{{U}^{2}}, -1\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot U\right) \]

      12. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{J \cdot J}{\color{blue}{U \cdot U}}, -1\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot U\right) \]

      13. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{J \cdot J}{\color{blue}{U \cdot U}}, -1\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot U\right) \]

      14. mul-1-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{J \cdot J}{U \cdot U}, -1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)\right)} \]

      15. neg-lowering-neg.f64 25.3

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{J \cdot J}{U \cdot U}, -1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-U\right)} \]

   8. Simplified 25.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{J \cdot J}{U \cdot U}, -1\right) \cdot \left(-U\right)} \]

   9. Taylor expanded in J around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{J}^{2} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{U} + \frac{U}{{J}^{2}}\right)} \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{J}^{2} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{U} + \frac{U}{{J}^{2}}\right)} \]

       2. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot J\right)} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{U} + \frac{U}{{J}^{2}}\right) \]

       3. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot J\right)} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{U} + \frac{U}{{J}^{2}}\right) \]

       4. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{U} + \frac{U}{{J}^{2}}\right)} \]

       5. associate-*r/ N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot 1}{U}} + \frac{U}{{J}^{2}}\right) \]

       6. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{2}}{U} + \frac{U}{{J}^{2}}\right) \]

       7. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{2}{U}} + \frac{U}{{J}^{2}}\right) \]

       8. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\frac{2}{U} + \color{blue}{\frac{U}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \]

       9. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\frac{2}{U} + \frac{U}{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}\right) \]

       10. *-lowering-*.f64 13.5

           \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\frac{2}{U} + \frac{U}{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}\right) \]

   11. Simplified 13.5%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\frac{2}{U} + \frac{U}{J \cdot J}\right)} \]
   12. Step-by-step derivation

       1. distribute-lft-in N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \frac{2}{U} + \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \frac{U}{J \cdot J}} \]

       2. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{U} \cdot \left(J \cdot J\right)} + \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \frac{U}{J \cdot J} \]

       3. associate-*r* N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J\right) \cdot J} + \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \frac{U}{J \cdot J} \]

       4. accelerator-lowering-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \frac{U}{J \cdot J}\right)} \]

       5. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{2}{U} \cdot J}, J, \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \frac{U}{J \cdot J}\right) \]

       6. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{2}{U}} \cdot J, J, \left(J \cdot J\right) \cdot \frac{U}{J \cdot J}\right) \]

       7. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, \color{blue}{\frac{U}{J \cdot J} \cdot \left(J \cdot J\right)}\right) \]

       8. div-inv N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \frac{1}{J \cdot J}\right)} \cdot \left(J \cdot J\right)\right) \]

       9. associate-*l* N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, \color{blue}{U \cdot \left(\frac{1}{J \cdot J} \cdot \left(J \cdot J\right)\right)}\right) \]

       10. inv-pow N/A

           \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, U \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{\left(J \cdot J\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \left(J \cdot J\right)\right)\right) \]

       11. pow-plus N/A

           \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, U \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(J \cdot J\right)}^{\left(-1 + 1\right)}}\right) \]

       12. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, U \cdot {\left(J \cdot J\right)}^{\color{blue}{0}}\right) \]

       13. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, U \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \]

       14. *-lowering-*.f64 28.1

           \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, \color{blue}{U \cdot 1}\right) \]

   13. Applied egg-rr 28.1%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2}{U} \cdot J, J, U \cdot 1\right)} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 35.7%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-257}:\\ \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot J\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(J \cdot \frac{2}{U}, J, U\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 61.7% accurate, 0.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{t\_0 \cdot \left(J\_m \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-257}:\\ \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot J\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* t_0 (* J_m 2.0))) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_1 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_1 -2e-257) (* -2.0 J_m) U_m)))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= -2e-257) {
		tmp = -2.0 * J_m;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Java

U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= -2e-257) {
		tmp = -2.0 * J_m;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Python

U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)))
	tmp = 0
	if t_1 <= -math.inf:
		tmp = -U_m
	elif t_1 <= -2e-257:
		tmp = -2.0 * J_m
	else:
		tmp = U_m
	return J_s * tmp

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(t_0 * Float64(J_m * 2.0))) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_1 <= -2e-257)
		tmp = Float64(-2.0 * J_m);
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

MATLAB

U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))) ^ 2.0)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_1 <= -Inf)
		tmp = -U_m;
	elseif (t_1 <= -2e-257)
		tmp = -2.0 * J_m;
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(t$95$0 * N[(J$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$1, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -2e-257], N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision], U$95$m]]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 6.5%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)} \]

      2. neg-lowering-neg.f64 63.6

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   5. Simplified 63.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -2e-257

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in J around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

      3. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

      4. cos-lowering-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      5. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 68.0

         \[\leadsto \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

   5. Simplified 68.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot J} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot -2} \]

      2. *-lowering-*.f64 33.8

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot -2} \]

   8. Simplified 33.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot -2} \]

   if -2e-257 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 74.4%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Simplified 27.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 35.3%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-257}:\\ \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot J\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 51.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{t\_0 \cdot \left(J\_m \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-257}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<=
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* t_0 (* J_m 2.0))) 2.0))))
         -2e-257)
      (- U_m)
      U_m))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double tmp;
	if ((((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)))) <= -2e-257) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Fortran

U_m = abs(u)
J\_m = abs(j)
J\_s = copysign(1.0d0, j)
real(8) function code(j_s, j_m, k, u_m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: j_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: j_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u_m
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = cos((k / 2.0d0))
    if (((((-2.0d0) * j_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0d0 + ((u_m / (t_0 * (j_m * 2.0d0))) ** 2.0d0)))) <= (-2d-257)) then
        tmp = -u_m
    else
        tmp = u_m
    end if
    code = j_s * tmp
end function

Java

U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	double tmp;
	if ((((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)))) <= -2e-257) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Python

U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	tmp = 0
	if (((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)))) <= -2e-257:
		tmp = -U_m
	else:
		tmp = U_m
	return J_s * tmp

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(t_0 * Float64(J_m * 2.0))) ^ 2.0)))) <= -2e-257)
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

MATLAB

U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))) ^ 2.0)))) <= -2e-257)
		tmp = -U_m;
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(t$95$0 * N[(J$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -2e-257], (-U$95$m), U$95$m]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -2e-257

   1. Initial program 69.5%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(U\right)} \]

      2. neg-lowering-neg.f64 35.1

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   5. Simplified 35.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -2e-257 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 74.4%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Simplified 27.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 31.2%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-257}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 12: 14.0% accurate, 373.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ J\_s \cdot U\_m \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m) :precision binary64 (* J_s U_m))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	return J_s * U_m;
}

Fortran

U_m = abs(u)
J\_m = abs(j)
J\_s = copysign(1.0d0, j)
real(8) function code(j_s, j_m, k, u_m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: j_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: j_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u_m
    code = j_s * u_m
end function

Java

U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	return J_s * U_m;
}

Python

U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	return J_s * U_m

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	return Float64(J_s * U_m)
end

MATLAB

U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = J_s * U_m;
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := N[(J$95$s * U$95$m), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 72.0%

   \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

5. Simplified 25.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024204 
(FPCore (J K U)
  :name "Maksimov and Kolovsky, Equation (3)"
  :precision binary64
  (* (* (* -2.0 J) (cos (/ K 2.0))) (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U (* (* 2.0 J) (cos (/ K 2.0)))) 2.0)))))