
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (- (log (+ N 1.0)) (log N)))
double code(double N) {
return log((N + 1.0)) - log(N);
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = log((n + 1.0d0)) - log(n)
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return Math.log((N + 1.0)) - Math.log(N);
}
def code(N): return math.log((N + 1.0)) - math.log(N)
function code(N) return Float64(log(Float64(N + 1.0)) - log(N)) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = log((N + 1.0)) - log(N); end
code[N_] := N[(N[Log[N[(N + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[N], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(N + 1\right) - \log N
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (- (log (+ N 1.0)) (log N)))
double code(double N) {
return log((N + 1.0)) - log(N);
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = log((n + 1.0d0)) - log(n)
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return Math.log((N + 1.0)) - Math.log(N);
}
def code(N): return math.log((N + 1.0)) - math.log(N)
function code(N) return Float64(log(Float64(N + 1.0)) - log(N)) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = log((N + 1.0)) - log(N); end
code[N_] := N[(N[Log[N[(N + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[N], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(N + 1\right) - \log N
\end{array}
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (log1p (/ 1.0 N)))
double code(double N) {
return log1p((1.0 / N));
}
public static double code(double N) {
return Math.log1p((1.0 / N));
}
def code(N): return math.log1p((1.0 / N))
function code(N) return log1p(Float64(1.0 / N)) end
code[N_] := N[Log[1 + N[(1.0 / N), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{N}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 24.4%
diff-logN/A
log-lowering-log.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f6427.4
Applied egg-rr27.4%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f6427.4
Simplified27.4%
accelerator-lowering-log1p.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f6499.8
Applied egg-rr99.8%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (fma N (+ (/ 0.5 N) (+ 1.0 (/ 0.041666666666666664 (* N (* N N))))) (/ -0.08333333333333333 N))))
double code(double N) {
return 1.0 / fma(N, ((0.5 / N) + (1.0 + (0.041666666666666664 / (N * (N * N))))), (-0.08333333333333333 / N));
}
function code(N) return Float64(1.0 / fma(N, Float64(Float64(0.5 / N) + Float64(1.0 + Float64(0.041666666666666664 / Float64(N * Float64(N * N))))), Float64(-0.08333333333333333 / N))) end
code[N_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N * N[(N[(0.5 / N), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 + N[(0.041666666666666664 / N[(N * N[(N * N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.08333333333333333 / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(N, \frac{0.5}{N} + \left(1 + \frac{0.041666666666666664}{N \cdot \left(N \cdot N\right)}\right), \frac{-0.08333333333333333}{N}\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 24.4%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
Simplified97.0%
clear-numN/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
--lowering--.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f6497.0
Applied egg-rr97.0%
Taylor expanded in N around -inf
associate-*r*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
*-lowering-*.f64N/A
Simplified97.4%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
sub-negN/A
distribute-lft-inN/A
distribute-rgt-neg-outN/A
associate-/l*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
unpow2N/A
associate-/r*N/A
associate-/l*N/A
*-lft-identityN/A
times-fracN/A
metadata-evalN/A
*-inversesN/A
accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A
Simplified97.4%
(FPCore (N)
:precision binary64
(/
-1.0
(*
N
(fma
(+ -0.5 (/ (+ 0.08333333333333333 (/ -0.041666666666666664 N)) N))
(/ 1.0 N)
-1.0))))
double code(double N) {
return -1.0 / (N * fma((-0.5 + ((0.08333333333333333 + (-0.041666666666666664 / N)) / N)), (1.0 / N), -1.0));
}
function code(N) return Float64(-1.0 / Float64(N * fma(Float64(-0.5 + Float64(Float64(0.08333333333333333 + Float64(-0.041666666666666664 / N)) / N)), Float64(1.0 / N), -1.0))) end
code[N_] := N[(-1.0 / N[(N * N[(N[(-0.5 + N[(N[(0.08333333333333333 + N[(-0.041666666666666664 / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-1}{N \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + \frac{0.08333333333333333 + \frac{-0.041666666666666664}{N}}{N}, \frac{1}{N}, -1\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 24.4%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
Simplified97.0%
clear-numN/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
--lowering--.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f6497.0
Applied egg-rr97.0%
Taylor expanded in N around -inf
associate-*r*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
*-lowering-*.f64N/A
Simplified97.4%
sub-negN/A
neg-mul-1N/A
+-commutativeN/A
neg-mul-1N/A
div-invN/A
distribute-lft-neg-inN/A
accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A
Applied egg-rr97.4%
Final simplification97.4%
(FPCore (N)
:precision binary64
(/
1.0
(*
N
(-
(/
(fma N (fma N 0.5 -0.08333333333333333) 0.041666666666666664)
(* N (* N N)))
-1.0))))
double code(double N) {
return 1.0 / (N * ((fma(N, fma(N, 0.5, -0.08333333333333333), 0.041666666666666664) / (N * (N * N))) - -1.0));
}
function code(N) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(N * Float64(Float64(fma(N, fma(N, 0.5, -0.08333333333333333), 0.041666666666666664) / Float64(N * Float64(N * N))) - -1.0))) end
code[N_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N * N[(N[(N[(N * N[(N * 0.5 + -0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] + 0.041666666666666664), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N * N[(N * N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{N \cdot \left(\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(N, \mathsf{fma}\left(N, 0.5, -0.08333333333333333\right), 0.041666666666666664\right)}{N \cdot \left(N \cdot N\right)} - -1\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 24.4%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
Simplified97.0%
clear-numN/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
--lowering--.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f6497.0
Applied egg-rr97.0%
Taylor expanded in N around -inf
associate-*r*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
*-lowering-*.f64N/A
Simplified97.4%
Taylor expanded in N around 0
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
+-commutativeN/A
accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A
sub-negN/A
*-commutativeN/A
metadata-evalN/A
accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A
cube-multN/A
unpow2N/A
*-lowering-*.f64N/A
unpow2N/A
*-lowering-*.f6497.4
Simplified97.4%
Final simplification97.4%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (/ (fma N (fma N (+ N 0.5) -0.08333333333333333) 0.041666666666666664) (* N N))))
double code(double N) {
return 1.0 / (fma(N, fma(N, (N + 0.5), -0.08333333333333333), 0.041666666666666664) / (N * N));
}
function code(N) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(fma(N, fma(N, Float64(N + 0.5), -0.08333333333333333), 0.041666666666666664) / Float64(N * N))) end
code[N_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[(N * N[(N * N[(N + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] + -0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] + 0.041666666666666664), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N * N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(N, \mathsf{fma}\left(N, N + 0.5, -0.08333333333333333\right), 0.041666666666666664\right)}{N \cdot N}}
\end{array}
Initial program 24.4%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
Simplified97.0%
clear-numN/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
--lowering--.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f6497.0
Applied egg-rr97.0%
Taylor expanded in N around -inf
associate-*r*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
*-lowering-*.f64N/A
Simplified97.4%
Taylor expanded in N around 0
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
+-commutativeN/A
accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A
sub-negN/A
metadata-evalN/A
accelerator-lowering-fma.f64N/A
+-commutativeN/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
unpow2N/A
*-lowering-*.f6497.3
Simplified97.3%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (+ (/ -0.08333333333333333 N) (+ N 0.5))))
double code(double N) {
return 1.0 / ((-0.08333333333333333 / N) + (N + 0.5));
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = 1.0d0 / (((-0.08333333333333333d0) / n) + (n + 0.5d0))
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return 1.0 / ((-0.08333333333333333 / N) + (N + 0.5));
}
def code(N): return 1.0 / ((-0.08333333333333333 / N) + (N + 0.5))
function code(N) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(-0.08333333333333333 / N) + Float64(N + 0.5))) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = 1.0 / ((-0.08333333333333333 / N) + (N + 0.5)); end
code[N_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[(-0.08333333333333333 / N), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\frac{-0.08333333333333333}{N} + \left(N + 0.5\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 24.4%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
Simplified97.0%
clear-numN/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
--lowering--.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f6497.0
Applied egg-rr97.0%
Taylor expanded in N around -inf
associate-*r*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
*-lowering-*.f64N/A
Simplified97.4%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
sub-negN/A
distribute-lft-inN/A
distribute-rgt-inN/A
*-lft-identityN/A
associate-*l*N/A
lft-mult-inverseN/A
metadata-evalN/A
+-commutativeN/A
distribute-rgt-neg-outN/A
associate-/l*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
unpow2N/A
associate-/r*N/A
associate-/l*N/A
*-lft-identityN/A
times-fracN/A
metadata-evalN/A
*-inversesN/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
Simplified95.8%
Final simplification95.8%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (+ N 0.5)))
double code(double N) {
return 1.0 / (N + 0.5);
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = 1.0d0 / (n + 0.5d0)
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return 1.0 / (N + 0.5);
}
def code(N): return 1.0 / (N + 0.5)
function code(N) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(N + 0.5)) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = 1.0 / (N + 0.5); end
code[N_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{N + 0.5}
\end{array}
Initial program 24.4%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
Simplified97.0%
clear-numN/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
--lowering--.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f6497.0
Applied egg-rr97.0%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
distribute-rgt-inN/A
*-lft-identityN/A
associate-*l*N/A
lft-mult-inverseN/A
metadata-evalN/A
+-lowering-+.f6492.8
Simplified92.8%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 N))
double code(double N) {
return 1.0 / N;
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = 1.0d0 / n
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return 1.0 / N;
}
def code(N): return 1.0 / N
function code(N) return Float64(1.0 / N) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = 1.0 / N; end
code[N_] := N[(1.0 / N), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{N}
\end{array}
Initial program 24.4%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
/-lowering-/.f6483.9
Simplified83.9%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 2.0)
double code(double N) {
return 2.0;
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = 2.0d0
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return 2.0;
}
def code(N): return 2.0
function code(N) return 2.0 end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = 2.0; end
code[N_] := 2.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
2
\end{array}
Initial program 24.4%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
Simplified97.0%
clear-numN/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
--lowering--.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f6497.0
Applied egg-rr97.0%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
distribute-rgt-inN/A
*-lft-identityN/A
associate-*l*N/A
lft-mult-inverseN/A
metadata-evalN/A
+-lowering-+.f6492.8
Simplified92.8%
Taylor expanded in N around 0
Simplified9.9%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (log1p (/ 1.0 N)))
double code(double N) {
return log1p((1.0 / N));
}
public static double code(double N) {
return Math.log1p((1.0 / N));
}
def code(N): return math.log1p((1.0 / N))
function code(N) return log1p(Float64(1.0 / N)) end
code[N_] := N[Log[1 + N[(1.0 / N), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{N}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (log (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 N))))
double code(double N) {
return log((1.0 + (1.0 / N)));
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = log((1.0d0 + (1.0d0 / n)))
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return Math.log((1.0 + (1.0 / N)));
}
def code(N): return math.log((1.0 + (1.0 / N)))
function code(N) return log(Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / N))) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = log((1.0 + (1.0 / N))); end
code[N_] := N[Log[N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(1 + \frac{1}{N}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (+ (+ (+ (/ 1.0 N) (/ -1.0 (* 2.0 (pow N 2.0)))) (/ 1.0 (* 3.0 (pow N 3.0)))) (/ -1.0 (* 4.0 (pow N 4.0)))))
double code(double N) {
return (((1.0 / N) + (-1.0 / (2.0 * pow(N, 2.0)))) + (1.0 / (3.0 * pow(N, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / (4.0 * pow(N, 4.0)));
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = (((1.0d0 / n) + ((-1.0d0) / (2.0d0 * (n ** 2.0d0)))) + (1.0d0 / (3.0d0 * (n ** 3.0d0)))) + ((-1.0d0) / (4.0d0 * (n ** 4.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return (((1.0 / N) + (-1.0 / (2.0 * Math.pow(N, 2.0)))) + (1.0 / (3.0 * Math.pow(N, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / (4.0 * Math.pow(N, 4.0)));
}
def code(N): return (((1.0 / N) + (-1.0 / (2.0 * math.pow(N, 2.0)))) + (1.0 / (3.0 * math.pow(N, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / (4.0 * math.pow(N, 4.0)))
function code(N) return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / N) + Float64(-1.0 / Float64(2.0 * (N ^ 2.0)))) + Float64(1.0 / Float64(3.0 * (N ^ 3.0)))) + Float64(-1.0 / Float64(4.0 * (N ^ 4.0)))) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = (((1.0 / N) + (-1.0 / (2.0 * (N ^ 2.0)))) + (1.0 / (3.0 * (N ^ 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / (4.0 * (N ^ 4.0))); end
code[N_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(1.0 / N), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[(2.0 * N[Power[N, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 / N[(3.0 * N[Power[N, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[(4.0 * N[Power[N, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\left(\frac{1}{N} + \frac{-1}{2 \cdot {N}^{2}}\right) + \frac{1}{3 \cdot {N}^{3}}\right) + \frac{-1}{4 \cdot {N}^{4}}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024194
(FPCore (N)
:name "2log (problem 3.3.6)"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (> N 1.0) (< N 1e+40))
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (log1p (/ 1 N)))
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (log (+ 1 (/ 1 N))))
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (+ (/ 1 N) (/ -1 (* 2 (pow N 2))) (/ 1 (* 3 (pow N 3))) (/ -1 (* 4 (pow N 4)))))
(- (log (+ N 1.0)) (log N)))