arccos

Percentage Accurate: 100.0% → 100.0%
Time: 10.2s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{1 + x}}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 2.0 (atan (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 x) (+ 1.0 x))))))
double code(double x) {
	return 2.0 * atan(sqrt(((1.0 - x) / (1.0 + x))));
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 2.0d0 * atan(sqrt(((1.0d0 - x) / (1.0d0 + x))))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return 2.0 * Math.atan(Math.sqrt(((1.0 - x) / (1.0 + x))));
}
def code(x):
	return 2.0 * math.atan(math.sqrt(((1.0 - x) / (1.0 + x))))
function code(x)
	return Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) / Float64(1.0 + x)))))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 2.0 * atan(sqrt(((1.0 - x) / (1.0 + x))));
end
code[x_] := N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{1 + x}}\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{1 + x}}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 2.0 (atan (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 x) (+ 1.0 x))))))
double code(double x) {
	return 2.0 * atan(sqrt(((1.0 - x) / (1.0 + x))));
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 2.0d0 * atan(sqrt(((1.0d0 - x) / (1.0d0 + x))))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return 2.0 * Math.atan(Math.sqrt(((1.0 - x) / (1.0 + x))));
}
def code(x):
	return 2.0 * math.atan(math.sqrt(((1.0 - x) / (1.0 + x))))
function code(x)
	return Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) / Float64(1.0 + x)))))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 2.0 * atan(sqrt(((1.0 - x) / (1.0 + x))));
end
code[x_] := N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{1 + x}}\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{1 + x}}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 2.0 (atan (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 x) (+ 1.0 x))))))
double code(double x) {
	return 2.0 * atan(sqrt(((1.0 - x) / (1.0 + x))));
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 2.0d0 * atan(sqrt(((1.0d0 - x) / (1.0d0 + x))))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return 2.0 * Math.atan(Math.sqrt(((1.0 - x) / (1.0 + x))));
}
def code(x):
	return 2.0 * math.atan(math.sqrt(((1.0 - x) / (1.0 + x))))
function code(x)
	return Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) / Float64(1.0 + x)))))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 2.0 * atan(sqrt(((1.0 - x) / (1.0 + x))));
end
code[x_] := N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{1 + x}}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{1 + x}}\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.5% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right) + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)}{\left(1 - x\right) + 0.5 \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x + -1\right)\right)\right)}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  2.0
  (atan
   (/
    (+
     (* (- 1.0 x) (- 1.0 x))
     (* (* x x) (* (- 1.0 x) (* x (* 0.25 (* x x))))))
    (+ (- 1.0 x) (* 0.5 (* x (* x (+ x -1.0)))))))))
double code(double x) {
	return 2.0 * atan(((((1.0 - x) * (1.0 - x)) + ((x * x) * ((1.0 - x) * (x * (0.25 * (x * x)))))) / ((1.0 - x) + (0.5 * (x * (x * (x + -1.0)))))));
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 2.0d0 * atan(((((1.0d0 - x) * (1.0d0 - x)) + ((x * x) * ((1.0d0 - x) * (x * (0.25d0 * (x * x)))))) / ((1.0d0 - x) + (0.5d0 * (x * (x * (x + (-1.0d0))))))))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return 2.0 * Math.atan(((((1.0 - x) * (1.0 - x)) + ((x * x) * ((1.0 - x) * (x * (0.25 * (x * x)))))) / ((1.0 - x) + (0.5 * (x * (x * (x + -1.0)))))));
}
def code(x):
	return 2.0 * math.atan(((((1.0 - x) * (1.0 - x)) + ((x * x) * ((1.0 - x) * (x * (0.25 * (x * x)))))) / ((1.0 - x) + (0.5 * (x * (x * (x + -1.0)))))))
function code(x)
	return Float64(2.0 * atan(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) * Float64(1.0 - x)) + Float64(Float64(x * x) * Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) * Float64(x * Float64(0.25 * Float64(x * x)))))) / Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) + Float64(0.5 * Float64(x * Float64(x * Float64(x + -1.0))))))))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 2.0 * atan(((((1.0 - x) * (1.0 - x)) + ((x * x) * ((1.0 - x) * (x * (0.25 * (x * x)))))) / ((1.0 - x) + (0.5 * (x * (x * (x + -1.0)))))));
end
code[x_] := N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * N[(0.25 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.5 * N[(x * N[(x * N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right) + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)}{\left(1 - x\right) + 0.5 \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x + -1\right)\right)\right)}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{1 + x}}\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right) - 1\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right) - 1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right) - 1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    3. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    4. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right) + -1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(-1 + x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    6. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    7. distribute-lft-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + x \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    9. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right) \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    10. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    11. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    12. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    13. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    14. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    15. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right) \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    16. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    17. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    18. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(-1 \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    19. distribute-rgt1-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\left(-1 \cdot x + 1\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    20. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    21. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right), \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    22. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    23. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(1 - x\right), \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    24. --lowering--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    25. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    26. *-lowering-*.f6499.5%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
  5. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(1 + x \cdot \left(-1 + \left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. distribute-rgt-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(1 + \left(-1 \cdot x + \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. associate-+r+N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right) + \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \]
    3. neg-mul-1N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \]
    4. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - x\right) + \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - x\right) + x \cdot \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    6. flip-+N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right) - \left(x \cdot \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}{\left(1 - x\right) - x \cdot \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
    7. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right) - \left(x \cdot \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right), \left(\left(1 - x\right) - x \cdot \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
  7. Applied egg-rr99.5%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right) - \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)}{\left(1 - x\right) - 0.5 \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)\right)\right)}\right)} \]
  8. Taylor expanded in x around inf

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot {x}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \left(-1 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \left(\left(-1 \cdot x\right) \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    3. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \left(x \cdot \left(-1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    4. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(-1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    6. neg-sub0N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(0 - x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    7. --lowering--.f6499.5%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{4}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(0, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
  10. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right) - \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(0 - x\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)}{\left(1 - x\right) - 0.5 \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
  11. Final simplification99.5%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right) + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)}{\left(1 - x\right) + 0.5 \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x + -1\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
  12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 99.5% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{1 + x \cdot \left(x + -2\right)}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  2.0
  (atan (/ (+ 1.0 (* x (+ x -2.0))) (* (- 1.0 x) (+ 1.0 (* (* x x) -0.5)))))))
double code(double x) {
	return 2.0 * atan(((1.0 + (x * (x + -2.0))) / ((1.0 - x) * (1.0 + ((x * x) * -0.5)))));
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 2.0d0 * atan(((1.0d0 + (x * (x + (-2.0d0)))) / ((1.0d0 - x) * (1.0d0 + ((x * x) * (-0.5d0))))))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return 2.0 * Math.atan(((1.0 + (x * (x + -2.0))) / ((1.0 - x) * (1.0 + ((x * x) * -0.5)))));
}
def code(x):
	return 2.0 * math.atan(((1.0 + (x * (x + -2.0))) / ((1.0 - x) * (1.0 + ((x * x) * -0.5)))))
function code(x)
	return Float64(2.0 * atan(Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(x * Float64(x + -2.0))) / Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(x * x) * -0.5))))))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 2.0 * atan(((1.0 + (x * (x + -2.0))) / ((1.0 - x) * (1.0 + ((x * x) * -0.5)))));
end
code[x_] := N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[(N[(1.0 + N[(x * N[(x + -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{1 + x \cdot \left(x + -2\right)}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{1 + x}}\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right) - 1\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right) - 1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right) - 1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    3. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    4. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right) + -1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(-1 + x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    6. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    7. distribute-lft-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + x \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    9. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right) \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    10. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    11. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    12. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    13. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    14. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    15. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right) \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    16. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    17. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    18. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(-1 \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    19. distribute-rgt1-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\left(-1 \cdot x + 1\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    20. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    21. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right), \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    22. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    23. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(1 - x\right), \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    24. --lowering--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    25. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    26. *-lowering-*.f6499.5%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
  5. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(1 + x \cdot \left(-1 + \left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. distribute-rgt-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(1 + \left(-1 \cdot x + \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. associate-+r+N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right) + \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \]
    3. neg-mul-1N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \]
    4. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - x\right) + \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - x\right) + x \cdot \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    6. flip-+N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right) - \left(x \cdot \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}{\left(1 - x\right) - x \cdot \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
    7. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right) - \left(x \cdot \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right), \left(\left(1 - x\right) - x \cdot \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
  7. Applied egg-rr99.5%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right) - \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)}{\left(1 - x\right) - 0.5 \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)\right)\right)}\right)} \]
  8. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + x \cdot \left(x - 2\right)\right)}, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(x \cdot \left(x - 2\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(x - 2\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    3. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    4. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(x + -2\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. +-lowering-+.f6499.5%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(x, -2\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
  10. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\color{blue}{1 + x \cdot \left(x + -2\right)}}{\left(1 - x\right) - 0.5 \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
  11. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(x, -2\right)\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left(1 + x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x - \frac{1}{2}\right) - 1\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
  12. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(x, -2\right)\right)\right), \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x - \frac{1}{2}\right) - 1\right) + 1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(x, -2\right)\right)\right), \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right) + 1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    3. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(x, -2\right)\right)\right), \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x - \frac{1}{2}\right) + -1\right) + 1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    4. distribute-rgt-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(x, -2\right)\right)\right), \left(\left(\left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot x + -1 \cdot x\right) + 1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. associate-+l+N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(x, -2\right)\right)\right), \left(\left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot x + \left(-1 \cdot x + 1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    6. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(x, -2\right)\right)\right), \left(\left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot x + \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
  13. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{1 + x \cdot \left(x + -2\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot -0.5 + 1\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}}\right) \]
  14. Final simplification99.5%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{1 + x \cdot \left(x + -2\right)}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \]
  15. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 99.5% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 + x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (* 2.0 (atan (* (- 1.0 x) (+ 1.0 (* x (* x 0.5)))))))
double code(double x) {
	return 2.0 * atan(((1.0 - x) * (1.0 + (x * (x * 0.5)))));
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 2.0d0 * atan(((1.0d0 - x) * (1.0d0 + (x * (x * 0.5d0)))))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return 2.0 * Math.atan(((1.0 - x) * (1.0 + (x * (x * 0.5)))));
}
def code(x):
	return 2.0 * math.atan(((1.0 - x) * (1.0 + (x * (x * 0.5)))))
function code(x)
	return Float64(2.0 * atan(Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.5))))))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 2.0 * atan(((1.0 - x) * (1.0 + (x * (x * 0.5)))));
end
code[x_] := N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(x * N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 + x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{1 + x}}\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right) - 1\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right) - 1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right) - 1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    3. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    4. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right) + -1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(-1 + x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    6. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    7. distribute-lft-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + x \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    9. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot x\right) \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    10. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    11. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    12. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    13. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    14. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    15. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right) \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    16. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    17. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    18. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(-1 \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    19. distribute-rgt1-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\left(-1 \cdot x + 1\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    20. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    21. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right), \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    22. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    23. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(1 - x\right), \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    24. --lowering--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    25. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    26. *-lowering-*.f6499.5%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
  5. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(1 + x \cdot \left(-1 + \left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1} \left(1 + x \cdot \left(-1 + \left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{2} \]
    2. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\tan^{-1} \left(1 + x \cdot \left(-1 + \left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right), \color{blue}{2}\right) \]
    3. atan-lowering-atan.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(1 + x \cdot \left(-1 + \left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right), 2\right) \]
    4. distribute-rgt-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(1 + \left(-1 \cdot x + \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot x\right)\right)\right), 2\right) \]
    5. associate-+r+N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right) + \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot x\right)\right), 2\right) \]
    6. neg-mul-1N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot x\right)\right), 2\right) \]
    7. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - x\right) + \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot x\right)\right), 2\right) \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - x\right) + x \cdot \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right), 2\right) \]
    9. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - x\right) + x \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right)\right)\right)\right), 2\right) \]
    10. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - x\right) + \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right)\right)\right), 2\right) \]
    11. distribute-rgt1-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right)\right)\right), 2\right) \]
    12. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) + 1\right), \left(1 - x\right)\right)\right), 2\right) \]
    13. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right), 1\right), \left(1 - x\right)\right)\right), 2\right) \]
    14. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right), 1\right), \left(1 - x\right)\right)\right), 2\right) \]
    15. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right), 1\right), \left(1 - x\right)\right)\right), 2\right) \]
    16. --lowering--.f6499.5%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right), 1\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right), 2\right) \]
  7. Applied egg-rr99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1} \left(\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.5\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
  8. Final simplification99.5%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 + x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 99.4% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(1 + x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.5 + -1\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (* 2.0 (atan (+ 1.0 (* x (+ (* x 0.5) -1.0))))))
double code(double x) {
	return 2.0 * atan((1.0 + (x * ((x * 0.5) + -1.0))));
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 2.0d0 * atan((1.0d0 + (x * ((x * 0.5d0) + (-1.0d0)))))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return 2.0 * Math.atan((1.0 + (x * ((x * 0.5) + -1.0))));
}
def code(x):
	return 2.0 * math.atan((1.0 + (x * ((x * 0.5) + -1.0))))
function code(x)
	return Float64(2.0 * atan(Float64(1.0 + Float64(x * Float64(Float64(x * 0.5) + -1.0)))))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 2.0 * atan((1.0 + (x * ((x * 0.5) + -1.0))));
end
code[x_] := N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[(1.0 + N[(x * N[(N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(1 + x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.5 + -1\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{1 + x}}\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x - 1\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x - 1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x - 1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    3. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    4. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + -1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \left(-1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    6. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    7. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    8. *-lowering-*.f6499.4%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
  5. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(1 + x \cdot \left(-1 + x \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} \]
  6. Final simplification99.4%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(1 + x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.5 + -1\right)\right) \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 99.0% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{1}{1 + x}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 2.0 (atan (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 x)))))
double code(double x) {
	return 2.0 * atan((1.0 / (1.0 + x)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 2.0d0 * atan((1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + x)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return 2.0 * Math.atan((1.0 / (1.0 + x)));
}
def code(x):
	return 2.0 * math.atan((1.0 / (1.0 + x)))
function code(x)
	return Float64(2.0 * atan(Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + x))))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 2.0 * atan((1.0 / (1.0 + x)));
end
code[x_] := N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{1}{1 + x}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{1 + x}}\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)}\right)\right) \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(1 - x\right)\right)\right) \]
    3. --lowering--.f6499.0%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right) \]
  5. Simplified99.0%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(1 - x\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. flip--N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 \cdot 1 - x \cdot x}{1 + x}\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 \cdot 1 - x \cdot x\right), \left(1 + x\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    3. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - x \cdot x\right), \left(1 + x\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    4. --lowering--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(x \cdot x\right)\right), \left(1 + x\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, x\right)\right), \left(1 + x\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    6. +-lowering-+.f6499.0%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, x\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
  7. Applied egg-rr99.0%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1 - x \cdot x}{1 + x}\right)} \]
  8. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Simplified99.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{1 + x}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 7: 99.0% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(1 - x\right) \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 2.0 (atan (- 1.0 x))))
    double code(double x) {
    	return 2.0 * atan((1.0 - x));
    }
    
    real(8) function code(x)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        code = 2.0d0 * atan((1.0d0 - x))
    end function
    
    public static double code(double x) {
    	return 2.0 * Math.atan((1.0 - x));
    }
    
    def code(x):
    	return 2.0 * math.atan((1.0 - x))
    
    function code(x)
    	return Float64(2.0 * atan(Float64(1.0 - x)))
    end
    
    function tmp = code(x)
    	tmp = 2.0 * atan((1.0 - x));
    end
    
    code[x_] := N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(1 - x\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{1 + x}}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)}\right)\right) \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
      2. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\left(1 - x\right)\right)\right) \]
      3. --lowering--.f6499.0%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{atan.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, x\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. Simplified99.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(1 - x\right)} \]
    6. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 8: 97.9% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} 1 \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 2.0 (atan 1.0)))
    double code(double x) {
    	return 2.0 * atan(1.0);
    }
    
    real(8) function code(x)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        code = 2.0d0 * atan(1.0d0)
    end function
    
    public static double code(double x) {
    	return 2.0 * Math.atan(1.0);
    }
    
    def code(x):
    	return 2.0 * math.atan(1.0)
    
    function code(x)
    	return Float64(2.0 * atan(1.0))
    end
    
    function tmp = code(x)
    	tmp = 2.0 * atan(1.0);
    end
    
    code[x_] := N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[1.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    2 \cdot \tan^{-1} 1
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{1 + x}}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Applied egg-rr97.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1} 1 \cdot 2} \]
    4. Final simplification97.5%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \tan^{-1} 1 \]
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Reproduce

    ?
    herbie shell --seed 2024191 
    (FPCore (x)
      :name "arccos"
      :precision binary64
      (* 2.0 (atan (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 x) (+ 1.0 x))))))