Destination given bearing on a great circle

Percentage Accurate: 99.8% → 99.9%
Time: 18.2s
Alternatives: 15
Speedup: 1.3×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
   (-
    (cos delta)
    (*
     (sin phi1)
     (sin
      (asin
       (+
        (* (sin phi1) (cos delta))
        (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(delta) - (Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(Math.asin(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.cos(delta)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(theta))))))));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(delta) - (math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(math.asin(((math.sin(phi1) * math.cos(delta)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(theta))))))))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 15 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
   (-
    (cos delta)
    (*
     (sin phi1)
     (sin
      (asin
       (+
        (* (sin phi1) (cos delta))
        (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(delta) - (Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(Math.asin(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.cos(delta)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(theta))))))));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(delta) - (math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(math.asin(((math.sin(phi1) * math.cos(delta)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(theta))))))))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.9% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta - \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)} + \lambda_1 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  (atan2
   (* (* (sin delta) (cos phi1)) (sin theta))
   (*
    (cos phi1)
    (- (* (cos phi1) (cos delta)) (* (cos theta) (* (sin delta) (sin phi1))))))
  lambda1))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return atan2(((sin(delta) * cos(phi1)) * sin(theta)), (cos(phi1) * ((cos(phi1) * cos(delta)) - (cos(theta) * (sin(delta) * sin(phi1)))))) + lambda1;
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = atan2(((sin(delta) * cos(phi1)) * sin(theta)), (cos(phi1) * ((cos(phi1) * cos(delta)) - (cos(theta) * (sin(delta) * sin(phi1)))))) + lambda1
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return Math.atan2(((Math.sin(delta) * Math.cos(phi1)) * Math.sin(theta)), (Math.cos(phi1) * ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.cos(delta)) - (Math.cos(theta) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(phi1)))))) + lambda1;
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return math.atan2(((math.sin(delta) * math.cos(phi1)) * math.sin(theta)), (math.cos(phi1) * ((math.cos(phi1) * math.cos(delta)) - (math.cos(theta) * (math.sin(delta) * math.sin(phi1)))))) + lambda1
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(atan(Float64(Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1)) * sin(theta)), Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(delta)) - Float64(cos(theta) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(phi1)))))) + lambda1)
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = atan2(((sin(delta) * cos(phi1)) * sin(theta)), (cos(phi1) * ((cos(phi1) * cos(delta)) - (cos(theta) * (sin(delta) * sin(phi1)))))) + lambda1;
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta - \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)} + \lambda_1
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)} + \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
    2. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}, \color{blue}{\lambda_1}\right) \]
  5. Simplified99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) \cdot \cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right)} + \lambda_1} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)}\right) \]
    2. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)}\right)\right) \]
    3. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}, \color{blue}{\lambda_1}\right)\right)\right) \]
  8. Simplified99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot {\cos \phi_1}^{2} - \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot {\cos \phi_1}^{2} - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot {\cos \phi_1}^{2} - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)} + \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
    2. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot {\cos \phi_1}^{2} - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}, \color{blue}{\lambda_1}\right) \]
  11. Simplified99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(0 - \sin delta\right)\right)\right)} + \lambda_1} \]
  12. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}, \lambda_1\right) \]
  13. Step-by-step derivation
    1. atan2-lowering-atan2.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\right), \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    2. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin theta\right), \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    3. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right), \sin theta\right), \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right), \sin theta\right), \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    5. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\sin delta, \cos \phi_1\right), \sin theta\right), \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    6. sin-lowering-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \cos \phi_1\right), \sin theta\right), \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    7. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \sin theta\right), \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    8. sin-lowering-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    9. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\cos \phi_1, \left(-1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    10. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \left(-1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    11. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \left(\cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1 + -1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    12. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \left(\cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    13. unsub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \left(\cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    14. --lowering--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\left(\cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right), \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
  14. Simplified99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}} + \lambda_1 \]
  15. Final simplification99.9%

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta - \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)} + \lambda_1 \]
  16. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 94.8% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot {\cos \phi_1}^{2} - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (sin theta)))
   (-
    (* (cos delta) (pow (cos phi1) 2.0))
    (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (sin phi1)))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), ((cos(delta) * pow(cos(phi1), 2.0)) - (cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(phi1)))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), ((cos(delta) * (cos(phi1) ** 2.0d0)) - (cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(phi1)))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(theta))), ((Math.cos(delta) * Math.pow(Math.cos(phi1), 2.0)) - (Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(phi1)))));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(delta) * math.sin(theta))), ((math.cos(delta) * math.pow(math.cos(phi1), 2.0)) - (math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(delta) * math.sin(phi1)))))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta))), Float64(Float64(cos(delta) * (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0)) - Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(phi1))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), ((cos(delta) * (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0)) - (cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(phi1)))));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot {\cos \phi_1}^{2} - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)} + \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
    2. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}, \color{blue}{\lambda_1}\right) \]
  5. Simplified99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) \cdot \cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right)} + \lambda_1} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. --lowering--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\left(\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    2. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\left(\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    3. 1-sub-sinN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    4. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\left(\cos delta \cdot {\cos \phi_1}^{2}\right), \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    5. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\cos delta, \left({\cos \phi_1}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    6. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \left({\cos \phi_1}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    7. pow-lowering-pow.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\cos \phi_1, 2\right)\right), \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    8. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), 2\right)\right), \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    9. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\cos \phi_1, \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    10. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    11. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    12. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\sin \phi_1, \sin delta\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    13. sin-lowering-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \sin delta\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    14. sin-lowering-sin.f6496.2%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
  8. Simplified96.2%

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos delta \cdot {\cos \phi_1}^{2} - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}} + \lambda_1 \]
  9. Final simplification96.2%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot {\cos \phi_1}^{2} - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 94.8% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta - \sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (sin theta)))
   (* (cos phi1) (- (* (cos phi1) (cos delta)) (* (sin delta) (sin phi1)))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), (cos(phi1) * ((cos(phi1) * cos(delta)) - (sin(delta) * sin(phi1)))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), (cos(phi1) * ((cos(phi1) * cos(delta)) - (sin(delta) * sin(phi1)))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(theta))), (Math.cos(phi1) * ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.cos(delta)) - (Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(phi1)))));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(delta) * math.sin(theta))), (math.cos(phi1) * ((math.cos(phi1) * math.cos(delta)) - (math.sin(delta) * math.sin(phi1)))))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta))), Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(delta)) - Float64(sin(delta) * sin(phi1))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), (cos(phi1) * ((cos(phi1) * cos(delta)) - (sin(delta) * sin(phi1)))));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta - \sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)} + \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
    2. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}, \color{blue}{\lambda_1}\right) \]
  5. Simplified99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) \cdot \cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right)} + \lambda_1} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)}\right) \]
    2. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)}\right)\right) \]
    3. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}, \color{blue}{\lambda_1}\right)\right)\right) \]
  8. Simplified99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot {\cos \phi_1}^{2} - \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot {\cos \phi_1}^{2} - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot {\cos \phi_1}^{2} - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)} + \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
    2. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot {\cos \phi_1}^{2} - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}, \color{blue}{\lambda_1}\right) \]
  11. Simplified99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(0 - \sin delta\right)\right)\right)} + \lambda_1} \]
  12. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) + \cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
  13. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \left(\cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1 + -1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    2. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \left(\cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    3. unsub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \left(\cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    4. --lowering--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\left(\cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right), \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    5. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\cos delta, \cos \phi_1\right), \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    6. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \cos \phi_1\right), \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    7. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    8. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\sin delta, \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    9. sin-lowering-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    10. sin-lowering-sin.f6496.2%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
  14. Simplified96.2%

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} + \lambda_1 \]
  15. Final simplification96.2%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta - \sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
  16. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 92.4% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (sin theta)))
   (- (cos delta) (pow (sin phi1) 2.0)))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), (cos(delta) - pow(sin(phi1), 2.0)));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ** 2.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(theta))), (Math.cos(delta) - Math.pow(Math.sin(phi1), 2.0)));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(delta) * math.sin(theta))), (math.cos(delta) - math.pow(math.sin(phi1), 2.0)))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta))), Float64(cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ^ 2.0))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ^ 2.0)));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \color{blue}{\left({\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. pow-lowering-pow.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. sin-lowering-sin.f6493.6%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), 2\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
  5. Simplified93.6%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
  6. Final simplification93.6%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 92.2% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\\ t_2 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.95 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.25 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}}{\lambda_1}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (sin theta))))
        (t_2 (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 (cos delta)))))
   (if (<= delta -1.95e-6)
     t_2
     (if (<= delta 1.25e-5)
       (* lambda1 (+ 1.0 (/ (atan2 t_1 (pow (cos phi1) 2.0)) lambda1)))
       t_2))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	double t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta));
	double t_2 = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, cos(delta));
	double tmp;
	if (delta <= -1.95e-6) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (delta <= 1.25e-5) {
		tmp = lambda1 * (1.0 + (atan2(t_1, pow(cos(phi1), 2.0)) / lambda1));
	} else {
		tmp = t_2;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: t_2
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))
    t_2 = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, cos(delta))
    if (delta <= (-1.95d-6)) then
        tmp = t_2
    else if (delta <= 1.25d-5) then
        tmp = lambda1 * (1.0d0 + (atan2(t_1, (cos(phi1) ** 2.0d0)) / lambda1))
    else
        tmp = t_2
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	double t_1 = Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(theta));
	double t_2 = lambda1 + Math.atan2(t_1, Math.cos(delta));
	double tmp;
	if (delta <= -1.95e-6) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (delta <= 1.25e-5) {
		tmp = lambda1 * (1.0 + (Math.atan2(t_1, Math.pow(Math.cos(phi1), 2.0)) / lambda1));
	} else {
		tmp = t_2;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	t_1 = math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(delta) * math.sin(theta))
	t_2 = lambda1 + math.atan2(t_1, math.cos(delta))
	tmp = 0
	if delta <= -1.95e-6:
		tmp = t_2
	elif delta <= 1.25e-5:
		tmp = lambda1 * (1.0 + (math.atan2(t_1, math.pow(math.cos(phi1), 2.0)) / lambda1))
	else:
		tmp = t_2
	return tmp
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	t_1 = Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta)))
	t_2 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, cos(delta)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (delta <= -1.95e-6)
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (delta <= 1.25e-5)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 * Float64(1.0 + Float64(atan(t_1, (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0)) / lambda1)));
	else
		tmp = t_2;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta));
	t_2 = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, cos(delta));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (delta <= -1.95e-6)
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (delta <= 1.25e-5)
		tmp = lambda1 * (1.0 + (atan2(t_1, (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0)) / lambda1));
	else
		tmp = t_2;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[delta, -1.95e-6], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[delta, 1.25e-5], N[(lambda1 * N[(1.0 + N[(N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[Power[N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / lambda1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$2]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\\
t_2 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta}\\
\mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.95 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_2\\

\mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.25 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}}{\lambda_1}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_2\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if delta < -1.95e-6 or 1.25000000000000006e-5 < delta

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \color{blue}{\cos delta}\right)\right) \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. cos-lowering-cos.f6486.4%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. Simplified86.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]

    if -1.95e-6 < delta < 1.25000000000000006e-5

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)} + \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
      2. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}, \color{blue}{\lambda_1}\right) \]
    5. Simplified99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) \cdot \cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right)} + \lambda_1} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)}\right) \]
      2. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)}\right)\right) \]
      3. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}, \color{blue}{\lambda_1}\right)\right)\right) \]
    8. Simplified99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot {\cos \phi_1}^{2} - \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left({\cos \phi_1}^{2}\right)}\right), \lambda_1\right)\right)\right) \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. pow-lowering-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\cos \phi_1, 2\right)\right), \lambda_1\right)\right)\right) \]
      2. cos-lowering-cos.f6499.4%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), 2\right)\right), \lambda_1\right)\right)\right) \]
    11. Simplified99.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}}}{\lambda_1}\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification92.6%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.95 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.25 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}}{\lambda_1}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 92.2% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\\ t_2 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -6.2 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 2.05 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (sin theta))))
        (t_2 (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 (cos delta)))))
   (if (<= delta -6.2e-5)
     t_2
     (if (<= delta 2.05e-7)
       (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 (pow (cos phi1) 2.0)))
       t_2))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	double t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta));
	double t_2 = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, cos(delta));
	double tmp;
	if (delta <= -6.2e-5) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (delta <= 2.05e-7) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, pow(cos(phi1), 2.0));
	} else {
		tmp = t_2;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: t_2
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))
    t_2 = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, cos(delta))
    if (delta <= (-6.2d-5)) then
        tmp = t_2
    else if (delta <= 2.05d-7) then
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, (cos(phi1) ** 2.0d0))
    else
        tmp = t_2
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	double t_1 = Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(theta));
	double t_2 = lambda1 + Math.atan2(t_1, Math.cos(delta));
	double tmp;
	if (delta <= -6.2e-5) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (delta <= 2.05e-7) {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2(t_1, Math.pow(Math.cos(phi1), 2.0));
	} else {
		tmp = t_2;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	t_1 = math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(delta) * math.sin(theta))
	t_2 = lambda1 + math.atan2(t_1, math.cos(delta))
	tmp = 0
	if delta <= -6.2e-5:
		tmp = t_2
	elif delta <= 2.05e-7:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2(t_1, math.pow(math.cos(phi1), 2.0))
	else:
		tmp = t_2
	return tmp
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	t_1 = Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta)))
	t_2 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, cos(delta)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (delta <= -6.2e-5)
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (delta <= 2.05e-7)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0)));
	else
		tmp = t_2;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta));
	t_2 = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, cos(delta));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (delta <= -6.2e-5)
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (delta <= 2.05e-7)
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0));
	else
		tmp = t_2;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[delta, -6.2e-5], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[delta, 2.05e-7], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[Power[N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$2]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\\
t_2 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta}\\
\mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -6.2 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_2\\

\mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 2.05 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_2\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if delta < -6.20000000000000027e-5 or 2.05e-7 < delta

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \color{blue}{\cos delta}\right)\right) \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. cos-lowering-cos.f6486.4%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. Simplified86.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]

    if -6.20000000000000027e-5 < delta < 2.05e-7

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)} + \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
      2. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}, \color{blue}{\lambda_1}\right) \]
    5. Simplified99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) \cdot \cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right)} + \lambda_1} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right)}\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \left(1 - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
      2. 1-sub-sinN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
      3. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \left({\cos \phi_1}^{2}\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
      4. pow-lowering-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\cos \phi_1, 2\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
      5. cos-lowering-cos.f6499.4%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), 2\right)\right), \lambda_1\right) \]
    8. Simplified99.4%

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} + \lambda_1 \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification92.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -6.2 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 2.05 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 92.2% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\\ t_2 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.36 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.6 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot 2\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (sin theta))))
        (t_2 (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 (cos delta)))))
   (if (<= delta -1.36e-6)
     t_2
     (if (<= delta 1.6e-5)
       (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* phi1 2.0))))))
       t_2))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	double t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta));
	double t_2 = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, cos(delta));
	double tmp;
	if (delta <= -1.36e-6) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (delta <= 1.6e-5) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, (0.5 + (0.5 * cos((phi1 * 2.0)))));
	} else {
		tmp = t_2;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: t_2
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))
    t_2 = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, cos(delta))
    if (delta <= (-1.36d-6)) then
        tmp = t_2
    else if (delta <= 1.6d-5) then
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, (0.5d0 + (0.5d0 * cos((phi1 * 2.0d0)))))
    else
        tmp = t_2
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	double t_1 = Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(theta));
	double t_2 = lambda1 + Math.atan2(t_1, Math.cos(delta));
	double tmp;
	if (delta <= -1.36e-6) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (delta <= 1.6e-5) {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2(t_1, (0.5 + (0.5 * Math.cos((phi1 * 2.0)))));
	} else {
		tmp = t_2;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	t_1 = math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(delta) * math.sin(theta))
	t_2 = lambda1 + math.atan2(t_1, math.cos(delta))
	tmp = 0
	if delta <= -1.36e-6:
		tmp = t_2
	elif delta <= 1.6e-5:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2(t_1, (0.5 + (0.5 * math.cos((phi1 * 2.0)))))
	else:
		tmp = t_2
	return tmp
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	t_1 = Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta)))
	t_2 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, cos(delta)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (delta <= -1.36e-6)
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (delta <= 1.6e-5)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(phi1 * 2.0))))));
	else
		tmp = t_2;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta));
	t_2 = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, cos(delta));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (delta <= -1.36e-6)
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (delta <= 1.6e-5)
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, (0.5 + (0.5 * cos((phi1 * 2.0)))));
	else
		tmp = t_2;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[delta, -1.36e-6], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[delta, 1.6e-5], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(phi1 * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$2]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\\
t_2 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta}\\
\mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.36 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_2\\

\mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.6 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot 2\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_2\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if delta < -1.3599999999999999e-6 or 1.59999999999999993e-5 < delta

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \color{blue}{\cos delta}\right)\right) \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. cos-lowering-cos.f6486.4%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. Simplified86.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]

    if -1.3599999999999999e-6 < delta < 1.59999999999999993e-5

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sin-asinN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
      2. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta + \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
      3. distribute-rgt-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta - \left(\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
      4. associate--r+N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\left(\cos delta - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)\right)\right) \]
      5. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\left(\cos delta - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\left(\cos delta - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
      7. --lowering--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\left(\cos delta - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
    4. Applied egg-rr99.8%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta - \left(\sin delta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \cos delta}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
      2. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
      3. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
      4. *-lowering-*.f6499.4%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    7. Simplified99.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification92.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.36 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.6 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot 2\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 89.0% accurate, 2.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (sin theta))) (cos delta))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), cos(delta));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), cos(delta))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(theta))), Math.cos(delta));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(delta) * math.sin(theta))), math.cos(delta))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta))), cos(delta)))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), cos(delta));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \color{blue}{\cos delta}\right)\right) \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. cos-lowering-cos.f6489.3%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right)\right)\right) \]
  5. Simplified89.3%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
  6. Final simplification89.3%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 86.7% accurate, 3.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta}}{\lambda_1}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  lambda1
  (+ 1.0 (/ (atan2 (* (sin delta) (sin theta)) (cos delta)) lambda1))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 * (1.0 + (atan2((sin(delta) * sin(theta)), cos(delta)) / lambda1));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 * (1.0d0 + (atan2((sin(delta) * sin(theta)), cos(delta)) / lambda1))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 * (1.0 + (Math.atan2((Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(theta)), Math.cos(delta)) / lambda1));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 * (1.0 + (math.atan2((math.sin(delta) * math.sin(theta)), math.cos(delta)) / lambda1))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 * Float64(1.0 + Float64(atan(Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta)), cos(delta)) / lambda1)))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 * (1.0 + (atan2((sin(delta) * sin(theta)), cos(delta)) / lambda1));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 * N[(1.0 + N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / lambda1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta}}{\lambda_1}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)} + \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
    2. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}, \color{blue}{\lambda_1}\right) \]
  5. Simplified99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) \cdot \cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right)} + \lambda_1} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)}\right) \]
    2. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)}\right)\right) \]
    3. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}, \color{blue}{\lambda_1}\right)\right)\right) \]
  8. Simplified99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot {\cos \phi_1}^{2} - \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \color{blue}{\cos delta}\right), \lambda_1\right)\right)\right) \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. cos-lowering-cos.f6489.3%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \lambda_1\right)\right)\right) \]
  11. Simplified89.3%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}}}{\lambda_1}\right) \]
  12. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \lambda_1\right)\right)\right) \]
  13. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\sin delta, \sin theta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \lambda_1\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. sin-lowering-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \sin theta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \lambda_1\right)\right)\right) \]
    3. sin-lowering-sin.f6488.1%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \lambda_1\right)\right)\right) \]
  14. Simplified88.1%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta}}{\lambda_1}\right) \]
  15. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 75.2% accurate, 4.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -5.1 \cdot 10^{+49}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \left(1 + \phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= phi1 -5.1e+49)
   lambda1
   (if (<= phi1 1.0)
     (+
      lambda1
      (atan2
       (* (* (sin delta) (sin theta)) (+ 1.0 (* phi1 (* phi1 -0.5))))
       (- 1.0 (* phi1 phi1))))
     lambda1)))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= -5.1e+49) {
		tmp = lambda1;
	} else if (phi1 <= 1.0) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(delta) * sin(theta)) * (1.0 + (phi1 * (phi1 * -0.5)))), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (phi1 <= (-5.1d+49)) then
        tmp = lambda1
    else if (phi1 <= 1.0d0) then
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(delta) * sin(theta)) * (1.0d0 + (phi1 * (phi1 * (-0.5d0))))), (1.0d0 - (phi1 * phi1)))
    else
        tmp = lambda1
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= -5.1e+49) {
		tmp = lambda1;
	} else if (phi1 <= 1.0) {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(theta)) * (1.0 + (phi1 * (phi1 * -0.5)))), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	tmp = 0
	if phi1 <= -5.1e+49:
		tmp = lambda1
	elif phi1 <= 1.0:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(delta) * math.sin(theta)) * (1.0 + (phi1 * (phi1 * -0.5)))), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)))
	else:
		tmp = lambda1
	return tmp
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi1 <= -5.1e+49)
		tmp = lambda1;
	elseif (phi1 <= 1.0)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta)) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(phi1 * Float64(phi1 * -0.5)))), Float64(1.0 - Float64(phi1 * phi1))));
	else
		tmp = lambda1;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (phi1 <= -5.1e+49)
		tmp = lambda1;
	elseif (phi1 <= 1.0)
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(delta) * sin(theta)) * (1.0 + (phi1 * (phi1 * -0.5)))), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)));
	else
		tmp = lambda1;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[LessEqual[phi1, -5.1e+49], lambda1, If[LessEqual[phi1, 1.0], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(phi1 * N[(phi1 * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(phi1 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], lambda1]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -5.1 \cdot 10^{+49}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\

\mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 1:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \left(1 + \phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if phi1 < -5.09999999999999956e49 or 1 < phi1

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Simplified77.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]

      if -5.09999999999999956e49 < phi1 < 1

      1. Initial program 99.9%

        \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) - \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. sub-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        2. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\cos theta \cdot \sin delta}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        3. distribute-neg-outN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        4. distribute-rgt-neg-outN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        5. unsub-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta - \color{blue}{\phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
        6. --lowering--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\cos delta, \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
        7. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \left(\color{blue}{\phi_1} \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        8. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        9. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta + \color{blue}{\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        10. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right), \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        11. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right), \left(\color{blue}{\phi_1} \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        12. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\sin delta, \cos theta\right), \left(\color{blue}{\phi_1} \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        13. sin-lowering-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \cos theta\right), \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        14. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        15. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        16. cos-lowering-cos.f6497.0%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
      5. Simplified97.0%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta + \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)}} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left(1 - {\phi_1}^{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. --lowering--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left({\phi_1}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
        2. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\phi_1}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        3. *-lowering-*.f6474.9%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \color{blue}{\phi_1}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
      8. Simplified74.9%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}} \]
      9. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\phi_1}^{2} \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\right) + \sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
      10. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\left(\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right) + \sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        2. distribute-lft1-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\left(\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2} + 1\right) \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        3. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        4. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right), \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        5. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        6. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left({\phi_1}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right), \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        7. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\left(\phi_1 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right), \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        8. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)\right), \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        9. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\phi_1 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right), \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        10. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right), \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        11. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)\right), \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        12. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)\right), \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        13. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\sin delta, \sin theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        14. sin-lowering-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \sin theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        15. sin-lowering-sin.f6474.8%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
      11. Simplified74.8%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(1 + \phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot -0.5\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1} \]
    5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    6. Final simplification75.9%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -5.1 \cdot 10^{+49}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \left(1 + \phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\ \end{array} \]
    7. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 11: 75.8% accurate, 4.1× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -1.1:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 1.55:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
     :precision binary64
     (if (<= phi1 -1.1)
       lambda1
       (if (<= phi1 1.55)
         (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin delta) (sin theta)) (- 1.0 (* phi1 phi1))))
         lambda1)))
    double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (phi1 <= -1.1) {
    		tmp = lambda1;
    	} else if (phi1 <= 1.55) {
    		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * sin(theta)), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)));
    	} else {
    		tmp = lambda1;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
        real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
        real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
        real(8), intent (in) :: delta
        real(8), intent (in) :: theta
        real(8) :: tmp
        if (phi1 <= (-1.1d0)) then
            tmp = lambda1
        else if (phi1 <= 1.55d0) then
            tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * sin(theta)), (1.0d0 - (phi1 * phi1)))
        else
            tmp = lambda1
        end if
        code = tmp
    end function
    
    public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (phi1 <= -1.1) {
    		tmp = lambda1;
    	} else if (phi1 <= 1.55) {
    		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(theta)), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)));
    	} else {
    		tmp = lambda1;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
    	tmp = 0
    	if phi1 <= -1.1:
    		tmp = lambda1
    	elif phi1 <= 1.55:
    		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(delta) * math.sin(theta)), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)))
    	else:
    		tmp = lambda1
    	return tmp
    
    function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (phi1 <= -1.1)
    		tmp = lambda1;
    	elseif (phi1 <= 1.55)
    		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta)), Float64(1.0 - Float64(phi1 * phi1))));
    	else
    		tmp = lambda1;
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if (phi1 <= -1.1)
    		tmp = lambda1;
    	elseif (phi1 <= 1.55)
    		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * sin(theta)), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)));
    	else
    		tmp = lambda1;
    	end
    	tmp_2 = tmp;
    end
    
    code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[LessEqual[phi1, -1.1], lambda1, If[LessEqual[phi1, 1.55], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(phi1 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], lambda1]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -1.1:\\
    \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 1.55:\\
    \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if phi1 < -1.1000000000000001 or 1.55000000000000004 < phi1

      1. Initial program 99.6%

        \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Simplified74.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]

        if -1.1000000000000001 < phi1 < 1.55000000000000004

        1. Initial program 99.9%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) - \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. sub-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          2. mul-1-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\cos theta \cdot \sin delta}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          3. distribute-neg-outN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          4. distribute-rgt-neg-outN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          5. unsub-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta - \color{blue}{\phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
          6. --lowering--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\cos delta, \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
          7. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \left(\color{blue}{\phi_1} \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          8. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          9. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta + \color{blue}{\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          10. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right), \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          11. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right), \left(\color{blue}{\phi_1} \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          12. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\sin delta, \cos theta\right), \left(\color{blue}{\phi_1} \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          13. sin-lowering-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \cos theta\right), \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          14. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          15. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          16. cos-lowering-cos.f6499.7%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        5. Simplified99.7%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta + \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)}} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left(1 - {\phi_1}^{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. --lowering--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left({\phi_1}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
          2. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\phi_1}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          3. *-lowering-*.f6476.3%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \color{blue}{\phi_1}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        8. Simplified76.3%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}} \]
        9. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        10. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\sin delta, \sin theta\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          2. sin-lowering-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \sin theta\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          3. sin-lowering-sin.f6476.3%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        11. Simplified76.3%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1} \]
      5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      6. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 12: 73.7% accurate, 5.5× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -0.0006:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 0.94:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(delta \cdot \left(1 + \left(delta \cdot delta\right) \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 + \left(delta \cdot delta\right) \cdot \left(0.008333333333333333 + \left(delta \cdot delta\right) \cdot -0.0001984126984126984\right)\right)\right)\right)}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (if (<= phi1 -0.0006)
         lambda1
         (if (<= phi1 0.94)
           (+
            lambda1
            (atan2
             (*
              (sin theta)
              (*
               delta
               (+
                1.0
                (*
                 (* delta delta)
                 (+
                  -0.16666666666666666
                  (*
                   (* delta delta)
                   (+
                    0.008333333333333333
                    (* (* delta delta) -0.0001984126984126984))))))))
             (- 1.0 (* phi1 phi1))))
           lambda1)))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (phi1 <= -0.0006) {
      		tmp = lambda1;
      	} else if (phi1 <= 0.94) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (delta * (1.0 + ((delta * delta) * (-0.16666666666666666 + ((delta * delta) * (0.008333333333333333 + ((delta * delta) * -0.0001984126984126984)))))))), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)));
      	} else {
      		tmp = lambda1;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
          real(8), intent (in) :: delta
          real(8), intent (in) :: theta
          real(8) :: tmp
          if (phi1 <= (-0.0006d0)) then
              tmp = lambda1
          else if (phi1 <= 0.94d0) then
              tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (delta * (1.0d0 + ((delta * delta) * ((-0.16666666666666666d0) + ((delta * delta) * (0.008333333333333333d0 + ((delta * delta) * (-0.0001984126984126984d0))))))))), (1.0d0 - (phi1 * phi1)))
          else
              tmp = lambda1
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (phi1 <= -0.0006) {
      		tmp = lambda1;
      	} else if (phi1 <= 0.94) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * (delta * (1.0 + ((delta * delta) * (-0.16666666666666666 + ((delta * delta) * (0.008333333333333333 + ((delta * delta) * -0.0001984126984126984)))))))), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)));
      	} else {
      		tmp = lambda1;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
      	tmp = 0
      	if phi1 <= -0.0006:
      		tmp = lambda1
      	elif phi1 <= 0.94:
      		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * (delta * (1.0 + ((delta * delta) * (-0.16666666666666666 + ((delta * delta) * (0.008333333333333333 + ((delta * delta) * -0.0001984126984126984)))))))), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)))
      	else:
      		tmp = lambda1
      	return tmp
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (phi1 <= -0.0006)
      		tmp = lambda1;
      	elseif (phi1 <= 0.94)
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * Float64(delta * Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(delta * delta) * Float64(-0.16666666666666666 + Float64(Float64(delta * delta) * Float64(0.008333333333333333 + Float64(Float64(delta * delta) * -0.0001984126984126984)))))))), Float64(1.0 - Float64(phi1 * phi1))));
      	else
      		tmp = lambda1;
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if (phi1 <= -0.0006)
      		tmp = lambda1;
      	elseif (phi1 <= 0.94)
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (delta * (1.0 + ((delta * delta) * (-0.16666666666666666 + ((delta * delta) * (0.008333333333333333 + ((delta * delta) * -0.0001984126984126984)))))))), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)));
      	else
      		tmp = lambda1;
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[LessEqual[phi1, -0.0006], lambda1, If[LessEqual[phi1, 0.94], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(delta * N[(1.0 + N[(N[(delta * delta), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-0.16666666666666666 + N[(N[(delta * delta), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.008333333333333333 + N[(N[(delta * delta), $MachinePrecision] * -0.0001984126984126984), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(phi1 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], lambda1]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -0.0006:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 0.94:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(delta \cdot \left(1 + \left(delta \cdot delta\right) \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 + \left(delta \cdot delta\right) \cdot \left(0.008333333333333333 + \left(delta \cdot delta\right) \cdot -0.0001984126984126984\right)\right)\right)\right)}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if phi1 < -5.99999999999999947e-4 or 0.93999999999999995 < phi1

        1. Initial program 99.6%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Simplified74.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]

          if -5.99999999999999947e-4 < phi1 < 0.93999999999999995

          1. Initial program 99.9%

            \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) - \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. sub-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            2. mul-1-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\cos theta \cdot \sin delta}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            3. distribute-neg-outN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            4. distribute-rgt-neg-outN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            5. unsub-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta - \color{blue}{\phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
            6. --lowering--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\cos delta, \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
            7. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \left(\color{blue}{\phi_1} \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            8. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            9. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta + \color{blue}{\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            10. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right), \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            11. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right), \left(\color{blue}{\phi_1} \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            12. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\sin delta, \cos theta\right), \left(\color{blue}{\phi_1} \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            13. sin-lowering-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \cos theta\right), \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            14. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            15. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            16. cos-lowering-cos.f6499.9%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          5. Simplified99.9%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta + \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)}} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left(1 - {\phi_1}^{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. --lowering--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left({\phi_1}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
            2. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\phi_1}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            3. *-lowering-*.f6476.5%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \color{blue}{\phi_1}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          8. Simplified76.5%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}} \]
          9. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          10. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\sin delta, \sin theta\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            2. sin-lowering-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \sin theta\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            3. sin-lowering-sin.f6476.5%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          11. Simplified76.5%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1} \]
          12. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \left(1 + {delta}^{2} \cdot \left({delta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} + \frac{-1}{5040} \cdot {delta}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right)\right)}, \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          13. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \left(1 + {delta}^{2} \cdot \left({delta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} + \frac{-1}{5040} \cdot {delta}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            2. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left({delta}^{2} \cdot \left({delta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} + \frac{-1}{5040} \cdot {delta}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            3. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left({delta}^{2}\right), \left({delta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} + \frac{-1}{5040} \cdot {delta}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            4. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(delta \cdot delta\right), \left({delta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} + \frac{-1}{5040} \cdot {delta}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            5. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \left({delta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} + \frac{-1}{5040} \cdot {delta}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            6. sub-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \left({delta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} + \frac{-1}{5040} \cdot {delta}^{2}\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{6}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            7. metadata-evalN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \left({delta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} + \frac{-1}{5040} \cdot {delta}^{2}\right) + \frac{-1}{6}\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            8. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \left(\frac{-1}{6} + {delta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} + \frac{-1}{5040} \cdot {delta}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            9. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-1}{6}, \left({delta}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{120} + \frac{-1}{5040} \cdot {delta}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            10. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-1}{6}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left({delta}^{2}\right), \left(\frac{1}{120} + \frac{-1}{5040} \cdot {delta}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            11. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-1}{6}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(delta \cdot delta\right), \left(\frac{1}{120} + \frac{-1}{5040} \cdot {delta}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            12. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-1}{6}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \left(\frac{1}{120} + \frac{-1}{5040} \cdot {delta}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            13. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-1}{6}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{120}, \left(\frac{-1}{5040} \cdot {delta}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            14. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-1}{6}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{120}, \left({delta}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{5040}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            15. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-1}{6}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{120}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left({delta}^{2}\right), \frac{-1}{5040}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            16. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-1}{6}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{120}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(delta \cdot delta\right), \frac{-1}{5040}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            17. *-lowering-*.f6475.6%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-1}{6}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{120}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right), \frac{-1}{5040}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
          14. Simplified75.6%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \left(1 + \left(delta \cdot delta\right) \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 + \left(delta \cdot delta\right) \cdot \left(0.008333333333333333 + \left(delta \cdot delta\right) \cdot -0.0001984126984126984\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1} \]
        5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        6. Final simplification75.0%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -0.0006:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 0.94:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(delta \cdot \left(1 + \left(delta \cdot delta\right) \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 + \left(delta \cdot delta\right) \cdot \left(0.008333333333333333 + \left(delta \cdot delta\right) \cdot -0.0001984126984126984\right)\right)\right)\right)}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\ \end{array} \]
        7. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 13: 73.8% accurate, 5.8× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -0.00074:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 1.55:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(delta \cdot \left(1 + \left(delta \cdot delta\right) \cdot -0.16666666666666666\right)\right)}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
         :precision binary64
         (if (<= phi1 -0.00074)
           lambda1
           (if (<= phi1 1.55)
             (+
              lambda1
              (atan2
               (*
                (sin theta)
                (* delta (+ 1.0 (* (* delta delta) -0.16666666666666666))))
               (- 1.0 (* phi1 phi1))))
             lambda1)))
        double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	double tmp;
        	if (phi1 <= -0.00074) {
        		tmp = lambda1;
        	} else if (phi1 <= 1.55) {
        		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (delta * (1.0 + ((delta * delta) * -0.16666666666666666)))), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)));
        	} else {
        		tmp = lambda1;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
            real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
            real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
            real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
            real(8), intent (in) :: delta
            real(8), intent (in) :: theta
            real(8) :: tmp
            if (phi1 <= (-0.00074d0)) then
                tmp = lambda1
            else if (phi1 <= 1.55d0) then
                tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (delta * (1.0d0 + ((delta * delta) * (-0.16666666666666666d0))))), (1.0d0 - (phi1 * phi1)))
            else
                tmp = lambda1
            end if
            code = tmp
        end function
        
        public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	double tmp;
        	if (phi1 <= -0.00074) {
        		tmp = lambda1;
        	} else if (phi1 <= 1.55) {
        		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * (delta * (1.0 + ((delta * delta) * -0.16666666666666666)))), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)));
        	} else {
        		tmp = lambda1;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
        	tmp = 0
        	if phi1 <= -0.00074:
        		tmp = lambda1
        	elif phi1 <= 1.55:
        		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * (delta * (1.0 + ((delta * delta) * -0.16666666666666666)))), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)))
        	else:
        		tmp = lambda1
        	return tmp
        
        function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (phi1 <= -0.00074)
        		tmp = lambda1;
        	elseif (phi1 <= 1.55)
        		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * Float64(delta * Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(delta * delta) * -0.16666666666666666)))), Float64(1.0 - Float64(phi1 * phi1))));
        	else
        		tmp = lambda1;
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	tmp = 0.0;
        	if (phi1 <= -0.00074)
        		tmp = lambda1;
        	elseif (phi1 <= 1.55)
        		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * (delta * (1.0 + ((delta * delta) * -0.16666666666666666)))), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)));
        	else
        		tmp = lambda1;
        	end
        	tmp_2 = tmp;
        end
        
        code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[LessEqual[phi1, -0.00074], lambda1, If[LessEqual[phi1, 1.55], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(delta * N[(1.0 + N[(N[(delta * delta), $MachinePrecision] * -0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(phi1 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], lambda1]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -0.00074:\\
        \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\
        
        \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 1.55:\\
        \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(delta \cdot \left(1 + \left(delta \cdot delta\right) \cdot -0.16666666666666666\right)\right)}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if phi1 < -7.3999999999999999e-4 or 1.55000000000000004 < phi1

          1. Initial program 99.6%

            \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Simplified74.4%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]

            if -7.3999999999999999e-4 < phi1 < 1.55000000000000004

            1. Initial program 99.9%

              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) - \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. sub-negN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              2. mul-1-negN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\cos theta \cdot \sin delta}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              3. distribute-neg-outN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              4. distribute-rgt-neg-outN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              5. unsub-negN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta - \color{blue}{\phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
              6. --lowering--.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\cos delta, \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
              7. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \left(\color{blue}{\phi_1} \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              8. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              9. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta + \color{blue}{\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              10. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right), \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              11. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right), \left(\color{blue}{\phi_1} \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              12. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\sin delta, \cos theta\right), \left(\color{blue}{\phi_1} \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              13. sin-lowering-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \cos theta\right), \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              14. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              15. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              16. cos-lowering-cos.f6499.9%

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            5. Simplified99.9%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta + \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)}} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left(1 - {\phi_1}^{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. --lowering--.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left({\phi_1}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
              2. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\phi_1}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              3. *-lowering-*.f6476.5%

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \color{blue}{\phi_1}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            8. Simplified76.5%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}} \]
            9. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            10. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\sin delta, \sin theta\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              2. sin-lowering-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \sin theta\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              3. sin-lowering-sin.f6476.5%

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            11. Simplified76.5%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1} \]
            12. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot {delta}^{2}\right)\right)}, \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            13. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \left(1 + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot {delta}^{2}\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              2. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {delta}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              3. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{-1}{6}, \left({delta}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              4. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{-1}{6}, \left(delta \cdot delta\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              5. *-lowering-*.f6475.4%

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{-1}{6}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, delta\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            14. Simplified75.4%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \left(1 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(delta \cdot delta\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1} \]
          5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          6. Final simplification74.9%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -0.00074:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 1.55:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \left(delta \cdot \left(1 + \left(delta \cdot delta\right) \cdot -0.16666666666666666\right)\right)}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\ \end{array} \]
          7. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 14: 72.8% accurate, 6.0× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -4.6 \cdot 10^{+49}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-76}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \sin theta}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
           :precision binary64
           (if (<= phi1 -4.6e+49)
             lambda1
             (if (<= phi1 5e-76)
               (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* delta (sin theta)) (- 1.0 (* phi1 phi1))))
               lambda1)))
          double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
          	double tmp;
          	if (phi1 <= -4.6e+49) {
          		tmp = lambda1;
          	} else if (phi1 <= 5e-76) {
          		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((delta * sin(theta)), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)));
          	} else {
          		tmp = lambda1;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
              real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
              real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
              real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
              real(8), intent (in) :: delta
              real(8), intent (in) :: theta
              real(8) :: tmp
              if (phi1 <= (-4.6d+49)) then
                  tmp = lambda1
              else if (phi1 <= 5d-76) then
                  tmp = lambda1 + atan2((delta * sin(theta)), (1.0d0 - (phi1 * phi1)))
              else
                  tmp = lambda1
              end if
              code = tmp
          end function
          
          public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
          	double tmp;
          	if (phi1 <= -4.6e+49) {
          		tmp = lambda1;
          	} else if (phi1 <= 5e-76) {
          		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((delta * Math.sin(theta)), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)));
          	} else {
          		tmp = lambda1;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
          	tmp = 0
          	if phi1 <= -4.6e+49:
          		tmp = lambda1
          	elif phi1 <= 5e-76:
          		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((delta * math.sin(theta)), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)))
          	else:
          		tmp = lambda1
          	return tmp
          
          function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (phi1 <= -4.6e+49)
          		tmp = lambda1;
          	elseif (phi1 <= 5e-76)
          		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(delta * sin(theta)), Float64(1.0 - Float64(phi1 * phi1))));
          	else
          		tmp = lambda1;
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          	tmp = 0.0;
          	if (phi1 <= -4.6e+49)
          		tmp = lambda1;
          	elseif (phi1 <= 5e-76)
          		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((delta * sin(theta)), (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1)));
          	else
          		tmp = lambda1;
          	end
          	tmp_2 = tmp;
          end
          
          code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[LessEqual[phi1, -4.6e+49], lambda1, If[LessEqual[phi1, 5e-76], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(delta * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(phi1 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], lambda1]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -4.6 \cdot 10^{+49}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\
          
          \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-76}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \sin theta}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 2 regimes
          2. if phi1 < -4.60000000000000004e49 or 4.9999999999999998e-76 < phi1

            1. Initial program 99.7%

              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Simplified76.9%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]

              if -4.60000000000000004e49 < phi1 < 4.9999999999999998e-76

              1. Initial program 99.8%

                \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) - \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. sub-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                2. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\cos theta \cdot \sin delta}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                3. distribute-neg-outN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \phi_1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                4. distribute-rgt-neg-outN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                5. unsub-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \left(\cos delta - \color{blue}{\phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
                6. --lowering--.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\cos delta, \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
                7. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \left(\color{blue}{\phi_1} \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                8. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                9. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta + \color{blue}{\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                10. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin delta\right), \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                11. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right), \left(\color{blue}{\phi_1} \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                12. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\sin delta, \cos theta\right), \left(\color{blue}{\phi_1} \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                13. sin-lowering-sin.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \cos theta\right), \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                14. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \left(\phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                15. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                16. cos-lowering-cos.f6496.6%

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(delta\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              5. Simplified96.6%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta + \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)}} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left(1 - {\phi_1}^{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. --lowering--.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left({\phi_1}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
                2. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\phi_1}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                3. *-lowering-*.f6474.8%

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right)\right), \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \color{blue}{\phi_1}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              8. Simplified74.8%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}} \]
              9. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              10. Step-by-step derivation
                1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\sin delta, \sin theta\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                2. sin-lowering-sin.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \sin theta\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                3. sin-lowering-sin.f6473.8%

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sin.f64}\left(delta\right), \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              11. Simplified73.8%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1} \]
              12. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              13. Step-by-step derivation
                1. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \sin theta\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                2. sin-lowering-sin.f6471.8%

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\lambda_1, \mathsf{atan2.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(delta, \mathsf{sin.f64}\left(theta\right)\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\phi_1, \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              14. Simplified71.8%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{delta \cdot \sin theta}}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1} \]
            5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            6. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 15: 70.5% accurate, 1320.0× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta) :precision binary64 lambda1)
            double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
            	return lambda1;
            }
            
            real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
                real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
                real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
                real(8), intent (in) :: delta
                real(8), intent (in) :: theta
                code = lambda1
            end function
            
            public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
            	return lambda1;
            }
            
            def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
            	return lambda1
            
            function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
            	return lambda1
            end
            
            function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
            	tmp = lambda1;
            end
            
            code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := lambda1
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \lambda_1
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 99.8%

              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Simplified70.9%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing

              Reproduce

              ?
              herbie shell --seed 2024191 
              (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                :name "Destination given bearing on a great circle"
                :precision binary64
                (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1)) (- (cos delta) (* (sin phi1) (sin (asin (+ (* (sin phi1) (cos delta)) (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))