Diagrams.TwoD.Arc:arcBetween from diagrams-lib-1.3.0.3

Percentage Accurate: 50.0% → 80.8%
Time: 10.0s
Alternatives: 5
Speedup: 19.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y))) (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
    code = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 5 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 50.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y))) (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
    code = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 80.8% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := y \cdot \left(y \cdot 4\right)\\ t_1 := \frac{y \cdot \frac{y}{x}}{x}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 10^{-286}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + t\_1 \cdot -8\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 10^{+207}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{t\_0 + x \cdot x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{t\_1} + -1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* y (* y 4.0))) (t_1 (/ (* y (/ y x)) x)))
   (if (<= t_0 1e-286)
     (+ 1.0 (* t_1 -8.0))
     (if (<= t_0 1e+207)
       (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ t_0 (* x x)))
       (+ (/ 0.5 t_1) -1.0)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = y * (y * 4.0);
	double t_1 = (y * (y / x)) / x;
	double tmp;
	if (t_0 <= 1e-286) {
		tmp = 1.0 + (t_1 * -8.0);
	} else if (t_0 <= 1e+207) {
		tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / (t_0 + (x * x));
	} else {
		tmp = (0.5 / t_1) + -1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = y * (y * 4.0d0)
    t_1 = (y * (y / x)) / x
    if (t_0 <= 1d-286) then
        tmp = 1.0d0 + (t_1 * (-8.0d0))
    else if (t_0 <= 1d+207) then
        tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / (t_0 + (x * x))
    else
        tmp = (0.5d0 / t_1) + (-1.0d0)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = y * (y * 4.0);
	double t_1 = (y * (y / x)) / x;
	double tmp;
	if (t_0 <= 1e-286) {
		tmp = 1.0 + (t_1 * -8.0);
	} else if (t_0 <= 1e+207) {
		tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / (t_0 + (x * x));
	} else {
		tmp = (0.5 / t_1) + -1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = y * (y * 4.0)
	t_1 = (y * (y / x)) / x
	tmp = 0
	if t_0 <= 1e-286:
		tmp = 1.0 + (t_1 * -8.0)
	elif t_0 <= 1e+207:
		tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / (t_0 + (x * x))
	else:
		tmp = (0.5 / t_1) + -1.0
	return tmp
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(y * Float64(y * 4.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(y * Float64(y / x)) / x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_0 <= 1e-286)
		tmp = Float64(1.0 + Float64(t_1 * -8.0));
	elseif (t_0 <= 1e+207)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(t_0 + Float64(x * x)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 / t_1) + -1.0);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
	t_0 = y * (y * 4.0);
	t_1 = (y * (y / x)) / x;
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_0 <= 1e-286)
		tmp = 1.0 + (t_1 * -8.0);
	elseif (t_0 <= 1e+207)
		tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / (t_0 + (x * x));
	else
		tmp = (0.5 / t_1) + -1.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(y * N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(y * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 1e-286], N[(1.0 + N[(t$95$1 * -8.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 1e+207], N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$0 + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(0.5 / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := y \cdot \left(y \cdot 4\right)\\
t_1 := \frac{y \cdot \frac{y}{x}}{x}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 10^{-286}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 + t\_1 \cdot -8\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 10^{+207}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{t\_0 + x \cdot x}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{t\_1} + -1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 1.00000000000000005e-286

    1. Initial program 51.9%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)} \]
      2. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-4 - 4\right)} \]
      3. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot -8 \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + -8 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
      5. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{-8}\right)\right) \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{y \cdot y}{{x}^{2}} \cdot -8\right)\right) \]
      8. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\left(y \cdot \frac{y}{{x}^{2}}\right) \cdot -8\right)\right) \]
      9. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(y \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y}{{x}^{2}} \cdot -8\right)}\right)\right) \]
      10. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y}{{x}^{2}} \cdot -8\right)}\right)\right) \]
      11. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{y}{{x}^{2}}\right), \color{blue}{-8}\right)\right)\right) \]
      12. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(y, \left({x}^{2}\right)\right), -8\right)\right)\right) \]
      13. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(y, \left(x \cdot x\right)\right), -8\right)\right)\right) \]
      14. *-lowering-*.f6474.6%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, x\right)\right), -8\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. Simplified74.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + y \cdot \left(\frac{y}{x \cdot x} \cdot -8\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\left(y \cdot \frac{y}{x \cdot x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-8}\right)\right) \]
      2. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\left(y \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}\right) \cdot -8\right)\right) \]
      3. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{y}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}} \cdot -8\right)\right) \]
      4. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{y}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}\right), \color{blue}{-8}\right)\right) \]
      5. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(y \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}\right), -8\right)\right) \]
      6. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(y \cdot \frac{y}{x \cdot x}\right), -8\right)\right) \]
      7. associate-/r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(y \cdot \frac{\frac{y}{x}}{x}\right), -8\right)\right) \]
      8. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{y \cdot \frac{y}{x}}{x}\right), -8\right)\right) \]
      9. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(y \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right), x\right), -8\right)\right) \]
      10. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \left(\frac{y}{x}\right)\right), x\right), -8\right)\right) \]
      11. /-lowering-/.f6487.9%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(y, x\right)\right), x\right), -8\right)\right) \]
    7. Applied egg-rr87.9%

      \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\frac{y \cdot \frac{y}{x}}{x} \cdot -8} \]

    if 1.00000000000000005e-286 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 1e207

    1. Initial program 78.3%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing

    if 1e207 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)

    1. Initial program 24.4%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} - 1} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1 \cdot {x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
      3. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{{y}^{2}} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
      4. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right) \cdot {x}^{2} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{1}\right)\right) \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{1}\right)\right) \]
      6. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) + \color{blue}{{x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right)} \]
      7. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right)\right)}\right) \]
      8. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\color{blue}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \]
      10. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{{y}^{2}} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]
      11. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1 \cdot {x}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{y}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]
      12. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{\color{blue}{y}}^{2}}\right)\right) \]
      13. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]
      14. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(\frac{{x}^{2}}{y \cdot \color{blue}{y}}\right)\right)\right) \]
      15. associate-/r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(\frac{\frac{{x}^{2}}{y}}{\color{blue}{y}}\right)\right)\right) \]
      16. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{{x}^{2}}{y}\right), \color{blue}{y}\right)\right)\right) \]
      17. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left({x}^{2}\right), y\right), y\right)\right)\right) \]
      18. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(x \cdot x\right), y\right), y\right)\right)\right) \]
      19. *-lowering-*.f6479.5%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, x\right), y\right), y\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. Simplified79.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}{y}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}{y} + \color{blue}{-1} \]
      2. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}{y}\right), \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
      3. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{y}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}}\right), -1\right) \]
      4. un-div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{y}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}}\right), -1\right) \]
      5. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(\frac{y}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}\right)\right), -1\right) \]
      6. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(y \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}\right)\right), -1\right) \]
      7. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(y \cdot \frac{y}{x \cdot x}\right)\right), -1\right) \]
      8. associate-/r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(y \cdot \frac{\frac{y}{x}}{x}\right)\right), -1\right) \]
      9. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(\frac{y \cdot \frac{y}{x}}{x}\right)\right), -1\right) \]
      10. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(y \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right), x\right)\right), -1\right) \]
      11. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \left(\frac{y}{x}\right)\right), x\right)\right), -1\right) \]
      12. /-lowering-/.f6494.2%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(y, x\right)\right), x\right)\right), -1\right) \]
    7. Applied egg-rr94.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\frac{y \cdot \frac{y}{x}}{x}} + -1} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification85.4%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \cdot \left(y \cdot 4\right) \leq 10^{-286}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + \frac{y \cdot \frac{y}{x}}{x} \cdot -8\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \cdot \left(y \cdot 4\right) \leq 10^{+207}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x - y \cdot \left(y \cdot 4\right)}{y \cdot \left(y \cdot 4\right) + x \cdot x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{\frac{y \cdot \frac{y}{x}}{x}} + -1\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 63.1% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{y \cdot \frac{y}{x}}{x}\\ \mathbf{if}\;y \leq 7.8 \cdot 10^{+58}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + t\_0 \cdot -8\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{t\_0} + -1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* y (/ y x)) x)))
   (if (<= y 7.8e+58) (+ 1.0 (* t_0 -8.0)) (+ (/ 0.5 t_0) -1.0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * (y / x)) / x;
	double tmp;
	if (y <= 7.8e+58) {
		tmp = 1.0 + (t_0 * -8.0);
	} else {
		tmp = (0.5 / t_0) + -1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = (y * (y / x)) / x
    if (y <= 7.8d+58) then
        tmp = 1.0d0 + (t_0 * (-8.0d0))
    else
        tmp = (0.5d0 / t_0) + (-1.0d0)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * (y / x)) / x;
	double tmp;
	if (y <= 7.8e+58) {
		tmp = 1.0 + (t_0 * -8.0);
	} else {
		tmp = (0.5 / t_0) + -1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = (y * (y / x)) / x
	tmp = 0
	if y <= 7.8e+58:
		tmp = 1.0 + (t_0 * -8.0)
	else:
		tmp = (0.5 / t_0) + -1.0
	return tmp
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * Float64(y / x)) / x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (y <= 7.8e+58)
		tmp = Float64(1.0 + Float64(t_0 * -8.0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 / t_0) + -1.0);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
	t_0 = (y * (y / x)) / x;
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (y <= 7.8e+58)
		tmp = 1.0 + (t_0 * -8.0);
	else
		tmp = (0.5 / t_0) + -1.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[y, 7.8e+58], N[(1.0 + N[(t$95$0 * -8.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(0.5 / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{y \cdot \frac{y}{x}}{x}\\
\mathbf{if}\;y \leq 7.8 \cdot 10^{+58}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 + t\_0 \cdot -8\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{t\_0} + -1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if y < 7.8000000000000002e58

    1. Initial program 60.2%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)} \]
      2. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-4 - 4\right)} \]
      3. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot -8 \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + -8 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
      5. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{-8}\right)\right) \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{y \cdot y}{{x}^{2}} \cdot -8\right)\right) \]
      8. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\left(y \cdot \frac{y}{{x}^{2}}\right) \cdot -8\right)\right) \]
      9. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(y \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y}{{x}^{2}} \cdot -8\right)}\right)\right) \]
      10. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y}{{x}^{2}} \cdot -8\right)}\right)\right) \]
      11. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{y}{{x}^{2}}\right), \color{blue}{-8}\right)\right)\right) \]
      12. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(y, \left({x}^{2}\right)\right), -8\right)\right)\right) \]
      13. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(y, \left(x \cdot x\right)\right), -8\right)\right)\right) \]
      14. *-lowering-*.f6452.7%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, x\right)\right), -8\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. Simplified52.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + y \cdot \left(\frac{y}{x \cdot x} \cdot -8\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\left(y \cdot \frac{y}{x \cdot x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-8}\right)\right) \]
      2. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\left(y \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}\right) \cdot -8\right)\right) \]
      3. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{y}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}} \cdot -8\right)\right) \]
      4. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{y}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}\right), \color{blue}{-8}\right)\right) \]
      5. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(y \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}\right), -8\right)\right) \]
      6. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(y \cdot \frac{y}{x \cdot x}\right), -8\right)\right) \]
      7. associate-/r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(y \cdot \frac{\frac{y}{x}}{x}\right), -8\right)\right) \]
      8. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{y \cdot \frac{y}{x}}{x}\right), -8\right)\right) \]
      9. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(y \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right), x\right), -8\right)\right) \]
      10. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \left(\frac{y}{x}\right)\right), x\right), -8\right)\right) \]
      11. /-lowering-/.f6456.3%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(y, x\right)\right), x\right), -8\right)\right) \]
    7. Applied egg-rr56.3%

      \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\frac{y \cdot \frac{y}{x}}{x} \cdot -8} \]

    if 7.8000000000000002e58 < y

    1. Initial program 34.0%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} - 1} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1 \cdot {x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
      3. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{{y}^{2}} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
      4. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right) \cdot {x}^{2} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{1}\right)\right) \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{1}\right)\right) \]
      6. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) + \color{blue}{{x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right)} \]
      7. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right)\right)}\right) \]
      8. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\color{blue}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \]
      10. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{{y}^{2}} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]
      11. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1 \cdot {x}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{y}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]
      12. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{\color{blue}{y}}^{2}}\right)\right) \]
      13. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]
      14. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(\frac{{x}^{2}}{y \cdot \color{blue}{y}}\right)\right)\right) \]
      15. associate-/r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(\frac{\frac{{x}^{2}}{y}}{\color{blue}{y}}\right)\right)\right) \]
      16. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{{x}^{2}}{y}\right), \color{blue}{y}\right)\right)\right) \]
      17. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left({x}^{2}\right), y\right), y\right)\right)\right) \]
      18. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(x \cdot x\right), y\right), y\right)\right)\right) \]
      19. *-lowering-*.f6466.9%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, x\right), y\right), y\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. Simplified66.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}{y}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}{y} + \color{blue}{-1} \]
      2. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}{y}\right), \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
      3. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{y}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}}\right), -1\right) \]
      4. un-div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{y}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}}\right), -1\right) \]
      5. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(\frac{y}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}\right)\right), -1\right) \]
      6. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(y \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}\right)\right), -1\right) \]
      7. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(y \cdot \frac{y}{x \cdot x}\right)\right), -1\right) \]
      8. associate-/r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(y \cdot \frac{\frac{y}{x}}{x}\right)\right), -1\right) \]
      9. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(\frac{y \cdot \frac{y}{x}}{x}\right)\right), -1\right) \]
      10. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(y \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right), x\right)\right), -1\right) \]
      11. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \left(\frac{y}{x}\right)\right), x\right)\right), -1\right) \]
      12. /-lowering-/.f6488.2%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(y, x\right)\right), x\right)\right), -1\right) \]
    7. Applied egg-rr88.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\frac{y \cdot \frac{y}{x}}{x}} + -1} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 63.0% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq 3.8 \cdot 10^{+58}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + \frac{y \cdot \frac{y}{x}}{x} \cdot -8\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= y 3.8e+58) (+ 1.0 (* (/ (* y (/ y x)) x) -8.0)) -1.0))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double tmp;
	if (y <= 3.8e+58) {
		tmp = 1.0 + (((y * (y / x)) / x) * -8.0);
	} else {
		tmp = -1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (y <= 3.8d+58) then
        tmp = 1.0d0 + (((y * (y / x)) / x) * (-8.0d0))
    else
        tmp = -1.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double tmp;
	if (y <= 3.8e+58) {
		tmp = 1.0 + (((y * (y / x)) / x) * -8.0);
	} else {
		tmp = -1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y):
	tmp = 0
	if y <= 3.8e+58:
		tmp = 1.0 + (((y * (y / x)) / x) * -8.0)
	else:
		tmp = -1.0
	return tmp
function code(x, y)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (y <= 3.8e+58)
		tmp = Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(Float64(y * Float64(y / x)) / x) * -8.0));
	else
		tmp = -1.0;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (y <= 3.8e+58)
		tmp = 1.0 + (((y * (y / x)) / x) * -8.0);
	else
		tmp = -1.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[y, 3.8e+58], N[(1.0 + N[(N[(N[(y * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision] * -8.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1.0]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;y \leq 3.8 \cdot 10^{+58}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 + \frac{y \cdot \frac{y}{x}}{x} \cdot -8\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if y < 3.7999999999999999e58

    1. Initial program 60.2%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)} \]
      2. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-4 - 4\right)} \]
      3. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot -8 \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + -8 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
      5. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{-8}\right)\right) \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{y \cdot y}{{x}^{2}} \cdot -8\right)\right) \]
      8. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\left(y \cdot \frac{y}{{x}^{2}}\right) \cdot -8\right)\right) \]
      9. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(y \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y}{{x}^{2}} \cdot -8\right)}\right)\right) \]
      10. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y}{{x}^{2}} \cdot -8\right)}\right)\right) \]
      11. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{y}{{x}^{2}}\right), \color{blue}{-8}\right)\right)\right) \]
      12. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(y, \left({x}^{2}\right)\right), -8\right)\right)\right) \]
      13. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(y, \left(x \cdot x\right)\right), -8\right)\right)\right) \]
      14. *-lowering-*.f6452.7%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(x, x\right)\right), -8\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. Simplified52.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + y \cdot \left(\frac{y}{x \cdot x} \cdot -8\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\left(y \cdot \frac{y}{x \cdot x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-8}\right)\right) \]
      2. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\left(y \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}\right) \cdot -8\right)\right) \]
      3. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{y}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}} \cdot -8\right)\right) \]
      4. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{y}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}\right), \color{blue}{-8}\right)\right) \]
      5. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(y \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{x \cdot x}{y}}\right), -8\right)\right) \]
      6. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(y \cdot \frac{y}{x \cdot x}\right), -8\right)\right) \]
      7. associate-/r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(y \cdot \frac{\frac{y}{x}}{x}\right), -8\right)\right) \]
      8. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{y \cdot \frac{y}{x}}{x}\right), -8\right)\right) \]
      9. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(y \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right), x\right), -8\right)\right) \]
      10. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \left(\frac{y}{x}\right)\right), x\right), -8\right)\right) \]
      11. /-lowering-/.f6456.3%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(y, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(y, x\right)\right), x\right), -8\right)\right) \]
    7. Applied egg-rr56.3%

      \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\frac{y \cdot \frac{y}{x}}{x} \cdot -8} \]

    if 3.7999999999999999e58 < y

    1. Initial program 34.0%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Simplified87.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
    5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    6. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 61.8% accurate, 3.2× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{+59}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= y 1.5e+59) 1.0 -1.0))
    double code(double x, double y) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (y <= 1.5e+59) {
    		tmp = 1.0;
    	} else {
    		tmp = -1.0;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    real(8) function code(x, y)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        real(8) :: tmp
        if (y <= 1.5d+59) then
            tmp = 1.0d0
        else
            tmp = -1.0d0
        end if
        code = tmp
    end function
    
    public static double code(double x, double y) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (y <= 1.5e+59) {
    		tmp = 1.0;
    	} else {
    		tmp = -1.0;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    def code(x, y):
    	tmp = 0
    	if y <= 1.5e+59:
    		tmp = 1.0
    	else:
    		tmp = -1.0
    	return tmp
    
    function code(x, y)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (y <= 1.5e+59)
    		tmp = 1.0;
    	else
    		tmp = -1.0;
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if (y <= 1.5e+59)
    		tmp = 1.0;
    	else
    		tmp = -1.0;
    	end
    	tmp_2 = tmp;
    end
    
    code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[y, 1.5e+59], 1.0, -1.0]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;y \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{+59}:\\
    \;\;\;\;1\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;-1\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if y < 1.5e59

      1. Initial program 60.2%

        \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Simplified54.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

        if 1.5e59 < y

        1. Initial program 34.0%

          \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Simplified87.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
        5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        6. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 5: 50.5% accurate, 19.0× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -1 \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 -1.0)
        double code(double x, double y) {
        	return -1.0;
        }
        
        real(8) function code(x, y)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            real(8), intent (in) :: y
            code = -1.0d0
        end function
        
        public static double code(double x, double y) {
        	return -1.0;
        }
        
        def code(x, y):
        	return -1.0
        
        function code(x, y)
        	return -1.0
        end
        
        function tmp = code(x, y)
        	tmp = -1.0;
        end
        
        code[x_, y_] := -1.0
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        -1
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 55.4%

          \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Simplified52.5%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing

          Developer Target 1: 50.5% accurate, 0.1× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot 4\\ t_1 := x \cdot x + t\_0\\ t_2 := \frac{t\_0}{t\_1}\\ t_3 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x \cdot x - t\_3}{x \cdot x + t\_3} < 0.9743233849626781:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x}{t\_1} - t\_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{t\_1}}\right)}^{2} - t\_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (x y)
           :precision binary64
           (let* ((t_0 (* (* y y) 4.0))
                  (t_1 (+ (* x x) t_0))
                  (t_2 (/ t_0 t_1))
                  (t_3 (* (* y 4.0) y)))
             (if (< (/ (- (* x x) t_3) (+ (* x x) t_3)) 0.9743233849626781)
               (- (/ (* x x) t_1) t_2)
               (- (pow (/ x (sqrt t_1)) 2.0) t_2))))
          double code(double x, double y) {
          	double t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
          	double t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
          	double t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
          	double t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
          	double tmp;
          	if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) {
          		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
          	} else {
          		tmp = pow((x / sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          real(8) function code(x, y)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              real(8) :: t_0
              real(8) :: t_1
              real(8) :: t_2
              real(8) :: t_3
              real(8) :: tmp
              t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0d0
              t_1 = (x * x) + t_0
              t_2 = t_0 / t_1
              t_3 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
              if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781d0) then
                  tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2
              else
                  tmp = ((x / sqrt(t_1)) ** 2.0d0) - t_2
              end if
              code = tmp
          end function
          
          public static double code(double x, double y) {
          	double t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
          	double t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
          	double t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
          	double t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
          	double tmp;
          	if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) {
          		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
          	} else {
          		tmp = Math.pow((x / Math.sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          def code(x, y):
          	t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0
          	t_1 = (x * x) + t_0
          	t_2 = t_0 / t_1
          	t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y
          	tmp = 0
          	if (((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781:
          		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2
          	else:
          		tmp = math.pow((x / math.sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2
          	return tmp
          
          function code(x, y)
          	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * y) * 4.0)
          	t_1 = Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0)
          	t_2 = Float64(t_0 / t_1)
          	t_3 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_3) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781)
          		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) / t_1) - t_2);
          	else
          		tmp = Float64((Float64(x / sqrt(t_1)) ^ 2.0) - t_2);
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
          	t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
          	t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
          	t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
          	t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
          	tmp = 0.0;
          	if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781)
          		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
          	else
          		tmp = ((x / sqrt(t_1)) ^ 2.0) - t_2;
          	end
          	tmp_2 = tmp;
          end
          
          code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$0 / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.9743233849626781], N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[N[(x / N[Sqrt[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          t_0 := \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot 4\\
          t_1 := x \cdot x + t\_0\\
          t_2 := \frac{t\_0}{t\_1}\\
          t_3 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
          \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x \cdot x - t\_3}{x \cdot x + t\_3} < 0.9743233849626781:\\
          \;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x}{t\_1} - t\_2\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{t\_1}}\right)}^{2} - t\_2\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          

          Reproduce

          ?
          herbie shell --seed 2024191 
          (FPCore (x y)
            :name "Diagrams.TwoD.Arc:arcBetween from diagrams-lib-1.3.0.3"
            :precision binary64
          
            :alt
            (! :herbie-platform default (if (< (/ (- (* x x) (* (* y 4) y)) (+ (* x x) (* (* y 4) y))) 9743233849626781/10000000000000000) (- (/ (* x x) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4))) (/ (* (* y y) 4) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4)))) (- (pow (/ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4)))) 2) (/ (* (* y y) 4) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4))))))
          
            (/ (- (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y)) (+ (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y))))