Toniolo and Linder, Equation (2)

Percentage Accurate: 84.2% → 98.5%

Time: 19.3s

Alternatives: 8

Speedup: 2.0×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (t l Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (asin
  (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 (pow (/ Om Omc) 2.0)) (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (pow (/ t l) 2.0)))))))

C

double code(double t, double l, double Om, double Omc) {
	return asin(sqrt(((1.0 - pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * pow((t / l), 2.0))))));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(t, l, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    code = asin(sqrt(((1.0d0 - ((om / omc) ** 2.0d0)) / (1.0d0 + (2.0d0 * ((t / l) ** 2.0d0))))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double t, double l, double Om, double Omc) {
	return Math.asin(Math.sqrt(((1.0 - Math.pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * Math.pow((t / l), 2.0))))));
}

Python

def code(t, l, Om, Omc):
	return math.asin(math.sqrt(((1.0 - math.pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * math.pow((t / l), 2.0))))))

Julia

function code(t, l, Om, Omc)
	return asin(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - (Float64(Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(2.0 * (Float64(t / l) ^ 2.0))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(t, l, Om, Omc)
	tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0 - ((Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * ((t / l) ^ 2.0))))));
end

Wolfram

code[t_, l_, Om_, Omc_] := N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - N[Power[N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(t / l), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 84.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (t l Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (asin
  (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 (pow (/ Om Omc) 2.0)) (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (pow (/ t l) 2.0)))))))

C

double code(double t, double l, double Om, double Omc) {
	return asin(sqrt(((1.0 - pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * pow((t / l), 2.0))))));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(t, l, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    code = asin(sqrt(((1.0d0 - ((om / omc) ** 2.0d0)) / (1.0d0 + (2.0d0 * ((t / l) ** 2.0d0))))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double t, double l, double Om, double Omc) {
	return Math.asin(Math.sqrt(((1.0 - Math.pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * Math.pow((t / l), 2.0))))));
}

Python

def code(t, l, Om, Omc):
	return math.asin(math.sqrt(((1.0 - math.pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * math.pow((t / l), 2.0))))))

Julia

function code(t, l, Om, Omc)
	return asin(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - (Float64(Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(2.0 * (Float64(t / l) ^ 2.0))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(t, l, Om, Omc)
	tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0 - ((Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * ((t / l) ^ 2.0))))));
end

Wolfram

code[t_, l_, Om_, Omc_] := N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - N[Power[N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(t / l), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 98.5% accurate, 1.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{t\_m}{l\_m} \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+153}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot \frac{\frac{t\_m}{l\_m}}{\frac{l\_m}{t\_m}}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{l\_m \cdot \sqrt{0.5} + \frac{-0.125 \cdot \left(l\_m \cdot \left(l\_m \cdot l\_m\right)\right)}{t\_m \cdot \left(t\_m \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right)}}{t\_m}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ t_m l_m) 2e+153)
   (asin
    (sqrt
     (/
      (- 1.0 (pow (/ Om Omc) 2.0))
      (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (/ (/ t_m l_m) (/ l_m t_m)))))))
   (asin
    (/
     (+
      (* l_m (sqrt 0.5))
      (/ (* -0.125 (* l_m (* l_m l_m))) (* t_m (* t_m (sqrt 0.5)))))
     t_m))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 2e+153) {
		tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0 - pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / t_m)))))));
	} else {
		tmp = asin((((l_m * sqrt(0.5)) + ((-0.125 * (l_m * (l_m * l_m))) / (t_m * (t_m * sqrt(0.5))))) / t_m));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
real(8) function code(t_m, l_m, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: l_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((t_m / l_m) <= 2d+153) then
        tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0d0 - ((om / omc) ** 2.0d0)) / (1.0d0 + (2.0d0 * ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / t_m)))))))
    else
        tmp = asin((((l_m * sqrt(0.5d0)) + (((-0.125d0) * (l_m * (l_m * l_m))) / (t_m * (t_m * sqrt(0.5d0))))) / t_m))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

t_m = Math.abs(t);
l_m = Math.abs(l);
public static double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 2e+153) {
		tmp = Math.asin(Math.sqrt(((1.0 - Math.pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / t_m)))))));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.asin((((l_m * Math.sqrt(0.5)) + ((-0.125 * (l_m * (l_m * l_m))) / (t_m * (t_m * Math.sqrt(0.5))))) / t_m));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

t_m = math.fabs(t)
l_m = math.fabs(l)
def code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc):
	tmp = 0
	if (t_m / l_m) <= 2e+153:
		tmp = math.asin(math.sqrt(((1.0 - math.pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / t_m)))))))
	else:
		tmp = math.asin((((l_m * math.sqrt(0.5)) + ((-0.125 * (l_m * (l_m * l_m))) / (t_m * (t_m * math.sqrt(0.5))))) / t_m))
	return tmp

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(t_m / l_m) <= 2e+153)
		tmp = asin(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - (Float64(Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(t_m / l_m) / Float64(l_m / t_m)))))));
	else
		tmp = asin(Float64(Float64(Float64(l_m * sqrt(0.5)) + Float64(Float64(-0.125 * Float64(l_m * Float64(l_m * l_m))) / Float64(t_m * Float64(t_m * sqrt(0.5))))) / t_m));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

t_m = abs(t);
l_m = abs(l);
function tmp_2 = code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 2e+153)
		tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0 - ((Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / t_m)))))));
	else
		tmp = asin((((l_m * sqrt(0.5)) + ((-0.125 * (l_m * (l_m * l_m))) / (t_m * (t_m * sqrt(0.5))))) / t_m));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 2e+153], N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - N[Power[N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(2.0 * N[(N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / N[(l$95$m / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[(l$95$m * N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.125 * N[(l$95$m * N[(l$95$m * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$m * N[(t$95$m * N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f64 t l) < 2e153

   1. Initial program 91.9%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{t}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. un-div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left(\frac{\frac{t}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{t}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right), \left(\frac{\ell}{t}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \left(\frac{\ell}{t}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. /-lowering-/.f64 91.9%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   4. Applied egg-rr 91.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{t}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}}}\right) \]

   if 2e153 < (/.f64 t l)

   1. Initial program 50.8%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 49.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\left(2 \cdot t\right) \cdot t}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell}\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(2 \cdot t\right), \ell\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. /-lowering-/.f64 49.9%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 49.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}}}}\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Simplified 50.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in t around inf

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{-1}{8} \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{3}}{{t}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}} + \ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{3}}{{t}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}} + \ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right), t\right)\right) \]

   12. Simplified 99.6%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{0.5} + \frac{-0.125 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right)}{t \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right)}}{t}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.7% accurate, 1.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{t\_m}{l\_m} \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+153}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot \frac{\frac{t\_m}{l\_m}}{\frac{l\_m}{t\_m}}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{l\_m \cdot \sqrt{0.5}}{t\_m}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ t_m l_m) 2e+153)
   (asin
    (sqrt
     (/
      (- 1.0 (pow (/ Om Omc) 2.0))
      (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (/ (/ t_m l_m) (/ l_m t_m)))))))
   (asin (/ (* l_m (sqrt 0.5)) t_m))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 2e+153) {
		tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0 - pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / t_m)))))));
	} else {
		tmp = asin(((l_m * sqrt(0.5)) / t_m));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
real(8) function code(t_m, l_m, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: l_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((t_m / l_m) <= 2d+153) then
        tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0d0 - ((om / omc) ** 2.0d0)) / (1.0d0 + (2.0d0 * ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / t_m)))))))
    else
        tmp = asin(((l_m * sqrt(0.5d0)) / t_m))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

t_m = Math.abs(t);
l_m = Math.abs(l);
public static double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 2e+153) {
		tmp = Math.asin(Math.sqrt(((1.0 - Math.pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / t_m)))))));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.asin(((l_m * Math.sqrt(0.5)) / t_m));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

t_m = math.fabs(t)
l_m = math.fabs(l)
def code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc):
	tmp = 0
	if (t_m / l_m) <= 2e+153:
		tmp = math.asin(math.sqrt(((1.0 - math.pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / t_m)))))))
	else:
		tmp = math.asin(((l_m * math.sqrt(0.5)) / t_m))
	return tmp

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(t_m / l_m) <= 2e+153)
		tmp = asin(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - (Float64(Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(t_m / l_m) / Float64(l_m / t_m)))))));
	else
		tmp = asin(Float64(Float64(l_m * sqrt(0.5)) / t_m));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

t_m = abs(t);
l_m = abs(l);
function tmp_2 = code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 2e+153)
		tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0 - ((Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / t_m)))))));
	else
		tmp = asin(((l_m * sqrt(0.5)) / t_m));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 2e+153], N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - N[Power[N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(2.0 * N[(N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / N[(l$95$m / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[(N[(l$95$m * N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f64 t l) < 2e153

   1. Initial program 91.9%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{t}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. un-div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left(\frac{\frac{t}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{t}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right), \left(\frac{\ell}{t}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \left(\frac{\ell}{t}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. /-lowering-/.f64 91.9%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   4. Applied egg-rr 91.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{t}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}}}\right) \]

   if 2e153 < (/.f64 t l)

   1. Initial program 50.8%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 49.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. pow1/2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left({\left(\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \]

      2. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left({\left(\frac{1}{\frac{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \]

      3. inv-pow N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left({\left({\left(\frac{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}\right)}^{-1}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \]

      4. pow-pow N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left({\left(\frac{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}\right)}^{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      5. pow-lowering-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}\right), \left(-1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 49.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}{1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc \cdot Omc}{Om}}}\right)}^{-0.5}\right)} \]

   7. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + 2 \cdot \frac{{t}^{2}}{{\ell}^{2}}\right)}, \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(2 \cdot \frac{{t}^{2}}{{\ell}^{2}}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      2. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot {t}^{2}}{{\ell}^{2}}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(2 \cdot {t}^{2}\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left({t}^{2}\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left(t \cdot t\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      7. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      8. *-lowering-*.f64 50.8%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

   9. Simplified 50.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left({\color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)}}^{-0.5}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in t around inf

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{{t}^{2}}{{\ell}^{2}}\right)}, \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. associate-*r/ N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\left(\frac{2 \cdot {t}^{2}}{{\ell}^{2}}\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       2. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(2 \cdot {t}^{2}\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       3. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left({t}^{2}\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       4. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left(t \cdot t\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       5. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       6. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       7. *-lowering-*.f64 50.8%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

   12. Simplified 50.8%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left({\color{blue}{\left(\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)}}^{-0.5}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in t around 0

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)} \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)\right) \]

       2. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right), t\right)\right) \]

       3. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right), t\right)\right) \]

       4. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 99.6%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right), t\right)\right) \]

   15. Simplified 99.6%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{0.5}}{t}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.3% accurate, 1.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{t\_m}{l\_m} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+31}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}}}{1 + \frac{t\_m}{l\_m \cdot \frac{\frac{l\_m}{t\_m}}{2}}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(l\_m \cdot \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t\_m}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ t_m l_m) 5e+31)
   (asin
    (sqrt
     (/
      (- 1.0 (/ Om (/ Omc (/ Om Omc))))
      (+ 1.0 (/ t_m (* l_m (/ (/ l_m t_m) 2.0)))))))
   (asin (* l_m (/ (sqrt 0.5) t_m)))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 5e+31) {
		tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0 - (Om / (Omc / (Om / Omc)))) / (1.0 + (t_m / (l_m * ((l_m / t_m) / 2.0)))))));
	} else {
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
real(8) function code(t_m, l_m, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: l_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((t_m / l_m) <= 5d+31) then
        tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0d0 - (om / (omc / (om / omc)))) / (1.0d0 + (t_m / (l_m * ((l_m / t_m) / 2.0d0)))))))
    else
        tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5d0) / t_m)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

t_m = Math.abs(t);
l_m = Math.abs(l);
public static double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 5e+31) {
		tmp = Math.asin(Math.sqrt(((1.0 - (Om / (Omc / (Om / Omc)))) / (1.0 + (t_m / (l_m * ((l_m / t_m) / 2.0)))))));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.asin((l_m * (Math.sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

t_m = math.fabs(t)
l_m = math.fabs(l)
def code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc):
	tmp = 0
	if (t_m / l_m) <= 5e+31:
		tmp = math.asin(math.sqrt(((1.0 - (Om / (Omc / (Om / Omc)))) / (1.0 + (t_m / (l_m * ((l_m / t_m) / 2.0)))))))
	else:
		tmp = math.asin((l_m * (math.sqrt(0.5) / t_m)))
	return tmp

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(t_m / l_m) <= 5e+31)
		tmp = asin(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(Om / Float64(Omc / Float64(Om / Omc)))) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(t_m / Float64(l_m * Float64(Float64(l_m / t_m) / 2.0)))))));
	else
		tmp = asin(Float64(l_m * Float64(sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

t_m = abs(t);
l_m = abs(l);
function tmp_2 = code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 5e+31)
		tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0 - (Om / (Omc / (Om / Omc)))) / (1.0 + (t_m / (l_m * ((l_m / t_m) / 2.0)))))));
	else
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 5e+31], N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - N[(Om / N[(Omc / N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(t$95$m / N[(l$95$m * N[(N[(l$95$m / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[(l$95$m * N[(N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f64 t l) < 5.00000000000000027e31

   1. Initial program 90.7%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{t}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. un-div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left(\frac{\frac{t}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{t}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right), \left(\frac{\ell}{t}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \left(\frac{\ell}{t}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. /-lowering-/.f64 90.7%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   4. Applied egg-rr 90.7%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{t}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}}}\right) \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 89.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc}}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}}{1 + \frac{t}{\ell \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell}{t}}{2}}}}\right)} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. --lowering--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\frac{Om}{Omc}}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, t\right), 2\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. associate-/r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{Om}{Omc \cdot \frac{Omc}{Om}}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, t\right), 2\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \left(Omc \cdot \frac{Omc}{Om}\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, t\right), 2\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \left(Omc \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, t\right), 2\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. un-div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \left(\frac{Omc}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, t\right), 2\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, \left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, t\right), 2\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. /-lowering-/.f64 89.3%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, t\right), 2\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   8. Applied egg-rr 89.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}}}}{1 + \frac{t}{\ell \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell}{t}}{2}}}}\right) \]

   if 5.00000000000000027e31 < (/.f64 t l)

   1. Initial program 74.7%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 47.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\left(2 \cdot t\right) \cdot t}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell}\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(2 \cdot t\right), \ell\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. /-lowering-/.f64 71.5%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 71.5%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}}}}\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Simplified 73.6%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in t around inf

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. associate-/l* N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)\right) \]

       2. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)\right)\right) \]

       3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right), t\right)\right)\right) \]

       4. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 98.3%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right), t\right)\right)\right) \]

   12. Simplified 98.3%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 97.5% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{t\_m}{l\_m} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+44}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left({\left(1 + \frac{\frac{t\_m}{\frac{\frac{l\_m}{t\_m}}{2}}}{l\_m}\right)}^{-0.5}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(l\_m \cdot \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t\_m}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ t_m l_m) 5e+44)
   (asin (pow (+ 1.0 (/ (/ t_m (/ (/ l_m t_m) 2.0)) l_m)) -0.5))
   (asin (* l_m (/ (sqrt 0.5) t_m)))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 5e+44) {
		tmp = asin(pow((1.0 + ((t_m / ((l_m / t_m) / 2.0)) / l_m)), -0.5));
	} else {
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
real(8) function code(t_m, l_m, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: l_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((t_m / l_m) <= 5d+44) then
        tmp = asin(((1.0d0 + ((t_m / ((l_m / t_m) / 2.0d0)) / l_m)) ** (-0.5d0)))
    else
        tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5d0) / t_m)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

t_m = Math.abs(t);
l_m = Math.abs(l);
public static double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 5e+44) {
		tmp = Math.asin(Math.pow((1.0 + ((t_m / ((l_m / t_m) / 2.0)) / l_m)), -0.5));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.asin((l_m * (Math.sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

t_m = math.fabs(t)
l_m = math.fabs(l)
def code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc):
	tmp = 0
	if (t_m / l_m) <= 5e+44:
		tmp = math.asin(math.pow((1.0 + ((t_m / ((l_m / t_m) / 2.0)) / l_m)), -0.5))
	else:
		tmp = math.asin((l_m * (math.sqrt(0.5) / t_m)))
	return tmp

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(t_m / l_m) <= 5e+44)
		tmp = asin((Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(t_m / Float64(Float64(l_m / t_m) / 2.0)) / l_m)) ^ -0.5));
	else
		tmp = asin(Float64(l_m * Float64(sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

t_m = abs(t);
l_m = abs(l);
function tmp_2 = code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 5e+44)
		tmp = asin(((1.0 + ((t_m / ((l_m / t_m) / 2.0)) / l_m)) ^ -0.5));
	else
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 5e+44], N[ArcSin[N[Power[N[(1.0 + N[(N[(t$95$m / N[(N[(l$95$m / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.5], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[(l$95$m * N[(N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f64 t l) < 4.9999999999999996e44

   1. Initial program 90.8%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 74.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. pow1/2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left({\left(\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \]

      2. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left({\left(\frac{1}{\frac{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \]

      3. inv-pow N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left({\left({\left(\frac{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}\right)}^{-1}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \]

      4. pow-pow N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left({\left(\frac{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}\right)}^{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      5. pow-lowering-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}\right), \left(-1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 69.6%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}{1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc \cdot Omc}{Om}}}\right)}^{-0.5}\right)} \]

   7. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + 2 \cdot \frac{{t}^{2}}{{\ell}^{2}}\right)}, \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(2 \cdot \frac{{t}^{2}}{{\ell}^{2}}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      2. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot {t}^{2}}{{\ell}^{2}}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(2 \cdot {t}^{2}\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left({t}^{2}\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left(t \cdot t\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      7. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      8. *-lowering-*.f64 72.8%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

   9. Simplified 72.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left({\color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)}}^{-0.5}\right) \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. associate-*r* N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\left(2 \cdot t\right) \cdot t}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       2. frac-times N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       3. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       4. associate-*r/ N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \left(2 \cdot t\right)}{\ell}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       5. associate-/r/ N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\frac{t}{\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}}}{\ell}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       6. associate-/l/ N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\frac{t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{t}}{2}}}{\ell}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       7. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{t}}{2}}\right), \ell\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       8. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \left(\frac{\frac{\ell}{t}}{2}\right)\right), \ell\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       9. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\ell}{t}\right), 2\right)\right), \ell\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       10. /-lowering-/.f64 86.7%

           \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, t\right), 2\right)\right), \ell\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

   11. Applied egg-rr 86.7%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left({\left(1 + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{t}}{2}}}{\ell}}\right)}^{-0.5}\right) \]

   if 4.9999999999999996e44 < (/.f64 t l)

   1. Initial program 74.3%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 48.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\left(2 \cdot t\right) \cdot t}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell}\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(2 \cdot t\right), \ell\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. /-lowering-/.f64 71.1%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 71.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}}}}\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Simplified 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in t around inf

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. associate-/l* N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)\right) \]

       2. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)\right)\right) \]

       3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right), t\right)\right)\right) \]

       4. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 98.3%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right), t\right)\right)\right) \]

   12. Simplified 98.3%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 97.6% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{t\_m}{l\_m} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+31}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left({\left(1 + t\_m \cdot \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{l\_m}{t\_m}}}{l\_m}\right)}^{-0.5}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(l\_m \cdot \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t\_m}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ t_m l_m) 5e+31)
   (asin (pow (+ 1.0 (* t_m (/ (/ 2.0 (/ l_m t_m)) l_m))) -0.5))
   (asin (* l_m (/ (sqrt 0.5) t_m)))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 5e+31) {
		tmp = asin(pow((1.0 + (t_m * ((2.0 / (l_m / t_m)) / l_m))), -0.5));
	} else {
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
real(8) function code(t_m, l_m, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: l_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((t_m / l_m) <= 5d+31) then
        tmp = asin(((1.0d0 + (t_m * ((2.0d0 / (l_m / t_m)) / l_m))) ** (-0.5d0)))
    else
        tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5d0) / t_m)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

t_m = Math.abs(t);
l_m = Math.abs(l);
public static double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 5e+31) {
		tmp = Math.asin(Math.pow((1.0 + (t_m * ((2.0 / (l_m / t_m)) / l_m))), -0.5));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.asin((l_m * (Math.sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

t_m = math.fabs(t)
l_m = math.fabs(l)
def code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc):
	tmp = 0
	if (t_m / l_m) <= 5e+31:
		tmp = math.asin(math.pow((1.0 + (t_m * ((2.0 / (l_m / t_m)) / l_m))), -0.5))
	else:
		tmp = math.asin((l_m * (math.sqrt(0.5) / t_m)))
	return tmp

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(t_m / l_m) <= 5e+31)
		tmp = asin((Float64(1.0 + Float64(t_m * Float64(Float64(2.0 / Float64(l_m / t_m)) / l_m))) ^ -0.5));
	else
		tmp = asin(Float64(l_m * Float64(sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

t_m = abs(t);
l_m = abs(l);
function tmp_2 = code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 5e+31)
		tmp = asin(((1.0 + (t_m * ((2.0 / (l_m / t_m)) / l_m))) ^ -0.5));
	else
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 5e+31], N[ArcSin[N[Power[N[(1.0 + N[(t$95$m * N[(N[(2.0 / N[(l$95$m / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.5], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[(l$95$m * N[(N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f64 t l) < 5.00000000000000027e31

   1. Initial program 90.7%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 75.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. pow1/2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left({\left(\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \]

      2. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left({\left(\frac{1}{\frac{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \]

      3. inv-pow N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left({\left({\left(\frac{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}\right)}^{-1}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \]

      4. pow-pow N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left({\left(\frac{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}\right)}^{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      5. pow-lowering-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}\right), \left(-1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 69.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}{1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc \cdot Omc}{Om}}}\right)}^{-0.5}\right)} \]

   7. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + 2 \cdot \frac{{t}^{2}}{{\ell}^{2}}\right)}, \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(2 \cdot \frac{{t}^{2}}{{\ell}^{2}}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      2. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot {t}^{2}}{{\ell}^{2}}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(2 \cdot {t}^{2}\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left({t}^{2}\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left(t \cdot t\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      7. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

      8. *-lowering-*.f64 73.2%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

   9. Simplified 73.2%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left({\color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)}}^{-0.5}\right) \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. associate-*r* N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\left(2 \cdot t\right) \cdot t}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       2. frac-times N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       3. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       4. associate-*l/ N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{t \cdot \frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell}}{\ell}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       5. associate-/l* N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(t \cdot \frac{\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell}}{\ell}\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, \left(\frac{\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell}}{\ell}\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       7. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell}\right), \ell\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       8. clear-num N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}}\right), \ell\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       9. associate-/l/ N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{t}}{2}}\right), \ell\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       10. clear-num N/A

           \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{2}{\frac{\ell}{t}}\right), \ell\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       11. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(2, \left(\frac{\ell}{t}\right)\right), \ell\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

       12. /-lowering-/.f64 88.0%

           \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, t\right)\right), \ell\right)\right)\right), \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \]

   11. Applied egg-rr 88.0%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left({\left(1 + \color{blue}{t \cdot \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}{\ell}}\right)}^{-0.5}\right) \]

   if 5.00000000000000027e31 < (/.f64 t l)

   1. Initial program 74.7%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 47.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\left(2 \cdot t\right) \cdot t}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell}\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(2 \cdot t\right), \ell\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. /-lowering-/.f64 71.5%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 71.5%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}}}}\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Simplified 73.6%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in t around inf

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. associate-/l* N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)\right) \]

       2. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)\right)\right) \]

       3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right), t\right)\right)\right) \]

       4. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 98.3%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right), t\right)\right)\right) \]

   12. Simplified 98.3%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 97.2% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{t\_m}{l\_m} \leq 0.0002:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc}}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(l\_m \cdot \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t\_m}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ t_m l_m) 0.0002)
   (asin (sqrt (- 1.0 (/ (/ Om Omc) (/ Omc Om)))))
   (asin (* l_m (/ (sqrt 0.5) t_m)))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 0.0002) {
		tmp = asin(sqrt((1.0 - ((Om / Omc) / (Omc / Om)))));
	} else {
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
real(8) function code(t_m, l_m, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: l_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((t_m / l_m) <= 0.0002d0) then
        tmp = asin(sqrt((1.0d0 - ((om / omc) / (omc / om)))))
    else
        tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5d0) / t_m)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

t_m = Math.abs(t);
l_m = Math.abs(l);
public static double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 0.0002) {
		tmp = Math.asin(Math.sqrt((1.0 - ((Om / Omc) / (Omc / Om)))));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.asin((l_m * (Math.sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

t_m = math.fabs(t)
l_m = math.fabs(l)
def code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc):
	tmp = 0
	if (t_m / l_m) <= 0.0002:
		tmp = math.asin(math.sqrt((1.0 - ((Om / Omc) / (Omc / Om)))))
	else:
		tmp = math.asin((l_m * (math.sqrt(0.5) / t_m)))
	return tmp

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(t_m / l_m) <= 0.0002)
		tmp = asin(sqrt(Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(Om / Omc) / Float64(Omc / Om)))));
	else
		tmp = asin(Float64(l_m * Float64(sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

t_m = abs(t);
l_m = abs(l);
function tmp_2 = code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 0.0002)
		tmp = asin(sqrt((1.0 - ((Om / Omc) / (Omc / Om)))));
	else
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 0.0002], N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - N[(N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision] / N[(Omc / Om), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[(l$95$m * N[(N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f64 t l) < 2.0000000000000001e-4

   1. Initial program 90.3%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 74.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in t around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}}\right)}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. --lowering--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left({Om}^{2}\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(Om \cdot Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left(Omc \cdot Omc\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. *-lowering-*.f64 60.9%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Simplified 60.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}\right)} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}\right) \]

      2. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}\right) \]

      3. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{1 - \frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc}}\right) \]

      4. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}\right) \]

      5. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(1 - \frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc}\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. --lowering--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-*r/ N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. times-frac N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. clear-num N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. un-div-inv N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\frac{Om}{Omc}}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right), \left(\frac{Omc}{Om}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      16. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \left(\frac{Omc}{Om}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      17. /-lowering-/.f64 66.6%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   9. Applied egg-rr 66.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc}}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}}\right)} \]

   if 2.0000000000000001e-4 < (/.f64 t l)

   1. Initial program 77.5%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 51.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\left(2 \cdot t\right) \cdot t}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell}\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(2 \cdot t\right), \ell\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. /-lowering-/.f64 74.7%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 74.7%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}}}}\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Simplified 76.5%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in t around inf

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. associate-/l* N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)\right) \]

       2. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)\right)\right) \]

       3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right), t\right)\right)\right) \]

       4. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 94.8%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right), t\right)\right)\right) \]

   12. Simplified 94.8%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 96.8% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{t\_m}{l\_m} \leq 0.0002:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(1 - \frac{t\_m}{l\_m} \cdot \frac{t\_m}{l\_m}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(l\_m \cdot \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t\_m}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ t_m l_m) 0.0002)
   (asin (- 1.0 (* (/ t_m l_m) (/ t_m l_m))))
   (asin (* l_m (/ (sqrt 0.5) t_m)))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 0.0002) {
		tmp = asin((1.0 - ((t_m / l_m) * (t_m / l_m))));
	} else {
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
real(8) function code(t_m, l_m, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: l_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((t_m / l_m) <= 0.0002d0) then
        tmp = asin((1.0d0 - ((t_m / l_m) * (t_m / l_m))))
    else
        tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5d0) / t_m)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

t_m = Math.abs(t);
l_m = Math.abs(l);
public static double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 0.0002) {
		tmp = Math.asin((1.0 - ((t_m / l_m) * (t_m / l_m))));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.asin((l_m * (Math.sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

t_m = math.fabs(t)
l_m = math.fabs(l)
def code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc):
	tmp = 0
	if (t_m / l_m) <= 0.0002:
		tmp = math.asin((1.0 - ((t_m / l_m) * (t_m / l_m))))
	else:
		tmp = math.asin((l_m * (math.sqrt(0.5) / t_m)))
	return tmp

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(t_m / l_m) <= 0.0002)
		tmp = asin(Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(t_m / l_m) * Float64(t_m / l_m))));
	else
		tmp = asin(Float64(l_m * Float64(sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

t_m = abs(t);
l_m = abs(l);
function tmp_2 = code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 0.0002)
		tmp = asin((1.0 - ((t_m / l_m) * (t_m / l_m))));
	else
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 0.0002], N[ArcSin[N[(1.0 - N[(N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[(l$95$m * N[(N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f64 t l) < 2.0000000000000001e-4

   1. Initial program 90.3%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 74.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\left(2 \cdot t\right) \cdot t}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell}\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(2 \cdot t\right), \ell\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. /-lowering-/.f64 84.7%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 84.7%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}}}}\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Simplified 89.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in t around 0

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{{t}^{2}}{{\ell}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. mul-1-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{t}^{2}}{{\ell}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

       2. unsub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(1 - \frac{{t}^{2}}{{\ell}^{2}}\right)\right) \]

       3. --lowering--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{{t}^{2}}{{\ell}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

       4. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left({t}^{2}\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

       5. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(t \cdot t\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

       6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

       7. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right), \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

       8. *-lowering-*.f64 56.2%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   12. Simplified 56.2%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{t \cdot t}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)} \]
   13. Step-by-step derivation

       1. times-frac N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right) \]

       2. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

       3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

       4. /-lowering-/.f64 64.0%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   14. Applied egg-rr 64.0%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}}\right) \]

   if 2.0000000000000001e-4 < (/.f64 t l)

   1. Initial program 77.5%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 51.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\left(2 \cdot t\right) \cdot t}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell}\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(2 \cdot t\right), \ell\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. /-lowering-/.f64 74.7%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 74.7%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}}}}\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Simplified 76.5%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in t around inf

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. associate-/l* N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)\right) \]

       2. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)\right)\right) \]

       3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right), t\right)\right)\right) \]

       4. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 94.8%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right), t\right)\right)\right) \]

   12. Simplified 94.8%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 50.0% accurate, 4.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \sin^{-1} 1 \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc) :precision binary64 (asin 1.0))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	return asin(1.0);
}

Fortran

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
real(8) function code(t_m, l_m, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: l_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    code = asin(1.0d0)
end function

Java

t_m = Math.abs(t);
l_m = Math.abs(l);
public static double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	return Math.asin(1.0);
}

Python

t_m = math.fabs(t)
l_m = math.fabs(l)
def code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc):
	return math.asin(1.0)

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	return asin(1.0)
end

MATLAB

t_m = abs(t);
l_m = abs(l);
function tmp = code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = asin(1.0);
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := N[ArcSin[1.0], $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 86.8%

   \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

   2. sub-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

   3. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

   4. neg-sub0 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

   5. associate-+l- N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

   6. sub0-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

   7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

   8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

   10. sub0-neg N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

   11. associate-+l- N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

   12. neg-sub0 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

   13. +-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

   14. sub-neg N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

   15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

3. Simplified 68.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - Om \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}}}\right)} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in t around 0

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}}\right)}\right) \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

   2. --lowering--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left({Om}^{2}\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   4. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(Om \cdot Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   5. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left(Omc \cdot Omc\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. *-lowering-*.f64 45.4%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

7. Simplified 45.4%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}\right)} \]

8. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}\right) \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

10. Simplified 48.8%

    \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{1} \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024191 
(FPCore (t l Om Omc)
  :name "Toniolo and Linder, Equation (2)"
  :precision binary64
  (asin (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 (pow (/ Om Omc) 2.0)) (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (pow (/ t l) 2.0)))))))