Maksimov and Kolovsky, Equation (3)

Percentage Accurate: 73.6% → 99.6%
Time: 12.3s
Alternatives: 12
Speedup: 1.9×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0))))
   (* (* (* -2.0 J) t_0) (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U (* (* 2.0 J) t_0)) 2.0))))))
double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)));
}
real(8) function code(j, k, u)
    real(8), intent (in) :: j
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = cos((k / 2.0d0))
    code = (((-2.0d0) * j) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0d0 + ((u / ((2.0d0 * j) * t_0)) ** 2.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)));
}
def code(J, K, U):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)))
function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))))
end
function tmp = code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	tmp = ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)) ^ 2.0)));
end
code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U / N[(N[(2.0 * J), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\
\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 12 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 73.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0))))
   (* (* (* -2.0 J) t_0) (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U (* (* 2.0 J) t_0)) 2.0))))))
double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)));
}
real(8) function code(j, k, u)
    real(8), intent (in) :: j
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = cos((k / 2.0d0))
    code = (((-2.0d0) * j) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0d0 + ((u / ((2.0d0 * j) * t_0)) ** 2.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)));
}
def code(J, K, U):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)))
function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))))
end
function tmp = code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	tmp = ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)) ^ 2.0)));
end
code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U / N[(N[(2.0 * J), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\
\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.6% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{t\_0 \cdot \left(J\_m \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 10^{+298}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]
U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* t_0 (* J_m 2.0))) 2.0))))))
   (* J_s (if (<= t_1 (- INFINITY)) (- U_m) (if (<= t_1 1e+298) t_1 U_m)))))
U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= 1e+298) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= 1e+298) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))), 2.0)))
	tmp = 0
	if t_1 <= -math.inf:
		tmp = -U_m
	elif t_1 <= 1e+298:
		tmp = t_1
	else:
		tmp = U_m
	return J_s * tmp
U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(t_0 * Float64(J_m * 2.0))) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_1 <= 1e+298)
		tmp = t_1;
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end
U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / (t_0 * (J_m * 2.0))) ^ 2.0)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_1 <= -Inf)
		tmp = -U_m;
	elseif (t_1 <= 1e+298)
		tmp = t_1;
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end
U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(t$95$0 * N[(J$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$1, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 1e+298], t$95$1, U$95$m]]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
U_m = \left|U\right|
\\
J\_m = \left|J\right|
\\
J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right)

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\
t_1 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{t\_0 \cdot \left(J\_m \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}}\\
J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -\infty:\\
\;\;\;\;-U\_m\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 10^{+298}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;U\_m\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

    1. Initial program 5.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified56.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in J around 0 46.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-146.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]
    6. Simplified46.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

    if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 9.9999999999999996e297

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing

    if 9.9999999999999996e297 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

    1. Initial program 17.5%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified67.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in U around -inf 53.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification85.2%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}} \leq 10^{+298}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 89.6% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;J\_m \leq 8.6 \cdot 10^{-203}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U\_m}{2}}{J\_m \cdot t\_0}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]
U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= J_m 8.6e-203)
      (- U_m)
      (* J_m (* (* -2.0 t_0) (hypot 1.0 (/ (/ U_m 2.0) (* J_m t_0)))))))))
U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double tmp;
	if (J_m <= 8.6e-203) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = J_m * ((-2.0 * t_0) * hypot(1.0, ((U_m / 2.0) / (J_m * t_0))));
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	double tmp;
	if (J_m <= 8.6e-203) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = J_m * ((-2.0 * t_0) * Math.hypot(1.0, ((U_m / 2.0) / (J_m * t_0))));
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	tmp = 0
	if J_m <= 8.6e-203:
		tmp = -U_m
	else:
		tmp = J_m * ((-2.0 * t_0) * math.hypot(1.0, ((U_m / 2.0) / (J_m * t_0))))
	return J_s * tmp
U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (J_m <= 8.6e-203)
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	else
		tmp = Float64(J_m * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * t_0) * hypot(1.0, Float64(Float64(U_m / 2.0) / Float64(J_m * t_0)))));
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end
U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (J_m <= 8.6e-203)
		tmp = -U_m;
	else
		tmp = J_m * ((-2.0 * t_0) * hypot(1.0, ((U_m / 2.0) / (J_m * t_0))));
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end
U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[J$95$m, 8.6e-203], (-U$95$m), N[(J$95$m * N[(N[(-2.0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + N[(N[(U$95$m / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(J$95$m * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
U_m = \left|U\right|
\\
J\_m = \left|J\right|
\\
J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right)

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\
J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;J\_m \leq 8.6 \cdot 10^{-203}:\\
\;\;\;\;-U\_m\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U\_m}{2}}{J\_m \cdot t\_0}\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if J < 8.60000000000000054e-203

    1. Initial program 67.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified82.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in J around 0 28.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-128.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]
    6. Simplified28.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

    if 8.60000000000000054e-203 < J

    1. Initial program 83.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified97.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 89.5% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;J\_m \leq 8.8 \cdot 10^{-200}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, U\_m \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5}{J\_m}}{\cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  J_s
  (if (<= J_m 8.8e-200)
    (- U_m)
    (*
     J_m
     (*
      (* -2.0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
      (hypot 1.0 (* U_m (/ (/ 0.5 J_m) (cos (* K 0.5))))))))))
U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (J_m <= 8.8e-200) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = J_m * ((-2.0 * cos((K / 2.0))) * hypot(1.0, (U_m * ((0.5 / J_m) / cos((K * 0.5))))));
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (J_m <= 8.8e-200) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = J_m * ((-2.0 * Math.cos((K / 2.0))) * Math.hypot(1.0, (U_m * ((0.5 / J_m) / Math.cos((K * 0.5))))));
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	tmp = 0
	if J_m <= 8.8e-200:
		tmp = -U_m
	else:
		tmp = J_m * ((-2.0 * math.cos((K / 2.0))) * math.hypot(1.0, (U_m * ((0.5 / J_m) / math.cos((K * 0.5))))))
	return J_s * tmp
U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (J_m <= 8.8e-200)
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	else
		tmp = Float64(J_m * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * cos(Float64(K / 2.0))) * hypot(1.0, Float64(U_m * Float64(Float64(0.5 / J_m) / cos(Float64(K * 0.5)))))));
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end
U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (J_m <= 8.8e-200)
		tmp = -U_m;
	else
		tmp = J_m * ((-2.0 * cos((K / 2.0))) * hypot(1.0, (U_m * ((0.5 / J_m) / cos((K * 0.5))))));
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end
U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[J$95$m, 8.8e-200], (-U$95$m), N[(J$95$m * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + N[(U$95$m * N[(N[(0.5 / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[N[(K * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
U_m = \left|U\right|
\\
J\_m = \left|J\right|
\\
J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right)

\\
J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;J\_m \leq 8.8 \cdot 10^{-200}:\\
\;\;\;\;-U\_m\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, U\_m \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5}{J\_m}}{\cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if J < 8.80000000000000054e-200

    1. Initial program 67.4%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified82.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in J around 0 28.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-128.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]
    6. Simplified28.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

    if 8.80000000000000054e-200 < J

    1. Initial program 84.0%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified97.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/r*97.9%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{U}{2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}\right)\right) \]
      2. associate-*l*97.9%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right)\right) \]
      3. clear-num97.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}{U}}}\right)\right) \]
      4. associate-/r/97.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot U}\right)\right) \]
      5. *-commutative97.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(J \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
      6. associate-/r*97.9%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{J \cdot 2}}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
      7. *-commutative97.9%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot J}}}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
      8. associate-/r*97.9%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{J}}}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
      9. metadata-eval97.9%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{J}}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
      10. div-inv97.9%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{0.5}{J}}{\cos \color{blue}{\left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval97.9%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{0.5}{J}}{\cos \left(K \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right)} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
    5. Applied egg-rr97.9%

      \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5}{J}}{\cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot U}\right)\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification56.1%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;J \leq 8.8 \cdot 10^{-200}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, U \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5}{J}}{\cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 78.6% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;J\_m \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{-181}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(J\_m \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{U\_m}{-2 \cdot J\_m}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  J_s
  (if (<= J_m 5.4e-181)
    (- U_m)
    (* (* J_m (* -2.0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))) (hypot 1.0 (/ U_m (* -2.0 J_m)))))))
U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (J_m <= 5.4e-181) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = (J_m * (-2.0 * cos((K / 2.0)))) * hypot(1.0, (U_m / (-2.0 * J_m)));
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (J_m <= 5.4e-181) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = (J_m * (-2.0 * Math.cos((K / 2.0)))) * Math.hypot(1.0, (U_m / (-2.0 * J_m)));
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	tmp = 0
	if J_m <= 5.4e-181:
		tmp = -U_m
	else:
		tmp = (J_m * (-2.0 * math.cos((K / 2.0)))) * math.hypot(1.0, (U_m / (-2.0 * J_m)))
	return J_s * tmp
U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (J_m <= 5.4e-181)
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(J_m * Float64(-2.0 * cos(Float64(K / 2.0)))) * hypot(1.0, Float64(U_m / Float64(-2.0 * J_m))));
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end
U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (J_m <= 5.4e-181)
		tmp = -U_m;
	else
		tmp = (J_m * (-2.0 * cos((K / 2.0)))) * hypot(1.0, (U_m / (-2.0 * J_m)));
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end
U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[J$95$m, 5.4e-181], (-U$95$m), N[(N[(J$95$m * N[(-2.0 * N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + N[(U$95$m / N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
U_m = \left|U\right|
\\
J\_m = \left|J\right|
\\
J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right)

\\
J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;J\_m \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{-181}:\\
\;\;\;\;-U\_m\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(J\_m \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{U\_m}{-2 \cdot J\_m}\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if J < 5.3999999999999999e-181

    1. Initial program 66.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified83.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in J around 0 29.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-129.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]
    6. Simplified29.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

    if 5.3999999999999999e-181 < J

    1. Initial program 86.5%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow286.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}} \]
      2. hypot-1-def97.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
      3. associate-/r*97.8%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{U}{2 \cdot J}}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right) \]
      4. cos-neg97.8%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2 \cdot J}}{\color{blue}{\cos \left(-\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right) \]
      5. distribute-frac-neg97.8%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2 \cdot J}}{\cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-K}{2}\right)}}\right) \]
      6. associate-/r*97.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-K}{2}\right)}}\right) \]
      7. hypot-1-def86.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-K}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-K}{2}\right)}}} \]
      8. unpow286.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]
    3. Simplified97.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{J \cdot 2}}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in K around 0 82.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{J \cdot 2}}{\color{blue}{1}}\right) \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. /-rgt-identity82.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{U}{J \cdot 2}}\right) \]
      2. frac-2neg82.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{-U}{-J \cdot 2}}\right) \]
      3. add-sqr-sqrt42.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{-\color{blue}{\sqrt{U} \cdot \sqrt{U}}}{-J \cdot 2}\right) \]
      4. distribute-rgt-neg-out42.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{U} \cdot \left(-\sqrt{U}\right)}}{-J \cdot 2}\right) \]
      5. associate-/l*42.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\sqrt{U} \cdot \frac{-\sqrt{U}}{-J \cdot 2}}\right) \]
      6. add-sqr-sqrt0.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{U} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{-\sqrt{U}} \cdot \sqrt{-\sqrt{U}}}}{-J \cdot 2}\right) \]
      7. sqrt-unprod42.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{U} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-\sqrt{U}\right) \cdot \left(-\sqrt{U}\right)}}}{-J \cdot 2}\right) \]
      8. sqr-neg42.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{U} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\sqrt{U} \cdot \sqrt{U}}}}{-J \cdot 2}\right) \]
      9. add-sqr-sqrt42.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{U} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{U}}}{-J \cdot 2}\right) \]
      10. distribute-rgt-neg-in42.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{U} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{U}}{\color{blue}{J \cdot \left(-2\right)}}\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval42.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{U} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{U}}{J \cdot \color{blue}{-2}}\right) \]
    7. Applied egg-rr42.3%

      \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\sqrt{U} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{U}}{J \cdot -2}}\right) \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/42.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{U} \cdot \sqrt{U}}{J \cdot -2}}\right) \]
      2. rem-square-sqrt82.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\color{blue}{U}}{J \cdot -2}\right) \]
      3. *-commutative82.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{U}{\color{blue}{-2 \cdot J}}\right) \]
    9. Simplified82.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{U}{-2 \cdot J}}\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 78.6% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;J\_m \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{-181}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U\_m}{2}}{J\_m}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  J_s
  (if (<= J_m 5.4e-181)
    (- U_m)
    (* J_m (* (* -2.0 (cos (/ K 2.0))) (hypot 1.0 (/ (/ U_m 2.0) J_m)))))))
U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (J_m <= 5.4e-181) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = J_m * ((-2.0 * cos((K / 2.0))) * hypot(1.0, ((U_m / 2.0) / J_m)));
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (J_m <= 5.4e-181) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = J_m * ((-2.0 * Math.cos((K / 2.0))) * Math.hypot(1.0, ((U_m / 2.0) / J_m)));
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	tmp = 0
	if J_m <= 5.4e-181:
		tmp = -U_m
	else:
		tmp = J_m * ((-2.0 * math.cos((K / 2.0))) * math.hypot(1.0, ((U_m / 2.0) / J_m)))
	return J_s * tmp
U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (J_m <= 5.4e-181)
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	else
		tmp = Float64(J_m * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * cos(Float64(K / 2.0))) * hypot(1.0, Float64(Float64(U_m / 2.0) / J_m))));
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end
U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (J_m <= 5.4e-181)
		tmp = -U_m;
	else
		tmp = J_m * ((-2.0 * cos((K / 2.0))) * hypot(1.0, ((U_m / 2.0) / J_m)));
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end
U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[J$95$m, 5.4e-181], (-U$95$m), N[(J$95$m * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + N[(N[(U$95$m / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
U_m = \left|U\right|
\\
J\_m = \left|J\right|
\\
J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right)

\\
J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;J\_m \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{-181}:\\
\;\;\;\;-U\_m\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U\_m}{2}}{J\_m}\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if J < 5.3999999999999999e-181

    1. Initial program 66.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified83.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in J around 0 29.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-129.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]
    6. Simplified29.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

    if 5.3999999999999999e-181 < J

    1. Initial program 86.5%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified97.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in K around 0 82.9%

      \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{\color{blue}{J}}\right)\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 78.6% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;J\_m \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{-181}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, U\_m \cdot \frac{0.5}{J\_m}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  J_s
  (if (<= J_m 5.4e-181)
    (- U_m)
    (* J_m (* (* -2.0 (cos (/ K 2.0))) (hypot 1.0 (* U_m (/ 0.5 J_m))))))))
U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (J_m <= 5.4e-181) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = J_m * ((-2.0 * cos((K / 2.0))) * hypot(1.0, (U_m * (0.5 / J_m))));
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (J_m <= 5.4e-181) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = J_m * ((-2.0 * Math.cos((K / 2.0))) * Math.hypot(1.0, (U_m * (0.5 / J_m))));
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	tmp = 0
	if J_m <= 5.4e-181:
		tmp = -U_m
	else:
		tmp = J_m * ((-2.0 * math.cos((K / 2.0))) * math.hypot(1.0, (U_m * (0.5 / J_m))))
	return J_s * tmp
U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (J_m <= 5.4e-181)
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	else
		tmp = Float64(J_m * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * cos(Float64(K / 2.0))) * hypot(1.0, Float64(U_m * Float64(0.5 / J_m)))));
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end
U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (J_m <= 5.4e-181)
		tmp = -U_m;
	else
		tmp = J_m * ((-2.0 * cos((K / 2.0))) * hypot(1.0, (U_m * (0.5 / J_m))));
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end
U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[J$95$m, 5.4e-181], (-U$95$m), N[(J$95$m * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + N[(U$95$m * N[(0.5 / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
U_m = \left|U\right|
\\
J\_m = \left|J\right|
\\
J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right)

\\
J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;J\_m \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{-181}:\\
\;\;\;\;-U\_m\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, U\_m \cdot \frac{0.5}{J\_m}\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if J < 5.3999999999999999e-181

    1. Initial program 66.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified83.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in J around 0 29.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-129.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]
    6. Simplified29.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

    if 5.3999999999999999e-181 < J

    1. Initial program 86.5%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified97.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/r*97.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{U}{2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}\right)\right) \]
      2. associate-*l*97.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right)\right) \]
      3. clear-num97.7%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}{U}}}\right)\right) \]
      4. associate-/r/97.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot U}\right)\right) \]
      5. *-commutative97.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(J \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
      6. associate-/r*97.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{J \cdot 2}}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
      7. *-commutative97.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot J}}}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
      8. associate-/r*97.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{J}}}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
      9. metadata-eval97.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{J}}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
      10. div-inv97.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{0.5}{J}}{\cos \color{blue}{\left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval97.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{0.5}{J}}{\cos \left(K \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right)} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
    5. Applied egg-rr97.8%

      \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5}{J}}{\cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot U}\right)\right) \]
    6. Taylor expanded in K around 0 82.9%

      \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{J}} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification49.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;J \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{-181}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, U \cdot \frac{0.5}{J}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 70.3% accurate, 3.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;U\_m \leq 1.6 \cdot 10^{-74}:\\ \;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;U\_m \leq 6.5 \cdot 10^{+93}:\\ \;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{1}{\frac{J\_m \cdot 2}{U\_m}}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  J_s
  (if (<= U_m 1.6e-74)
    (* J_m (* -2.0 (cos (* K 0.5))))
    (if (<= U_m 6.5e+93)
      (* J_m (* -2.0 (hypot 1.0 (/ 1.0 (/ (* J_m 2.0) U_m)))))
      (- U_m)))))
U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (U_m <= 1.6e-74) {
		tmp = J_m * (-2.0 * cos((K * 0.5)));
	} else if (U_m <= 6.5e+93) {
		tmp = J_m * (-2.0 * hypot(1.0, (1.0 / ((J_m * 2.0) / U_m))));
	} else {
		tmp = -U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (U_m <= 1.6e-74) {
		tmp = J_m * (-2.0 * Math.cos((K * 0.5)));
	} else if (U_m <= 6.5e+93) {
		tmp = J_m * (-2.0 * Math.hypot(1.0, (1.0 / ((J_m * 2.0) / U_m))));
	} else {
		tmp = -U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	tmp = 0
	if U_m <= 1.6e-74:
		tmp = J_m * (-2.0 * math.cos((K * 0.5)))
	elif U_m <= 6.5e+93:
		tmp = J_m * (-2.0 * math.hypot(1.0, (1.0 / ((J_m * 2.0) / U_m))))
	else:
		tmp = -U_m
	return J_s * tmp
U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (U_m <= 1.6e-74)
		tmp = Float64(J_m * Float64(-2.0 * cos(Float64(K * 0.5))));
	elseif (U_m <= 6.5e+93)
		tmp = Float64(J_m * Float64(-2.0 * hypot(1.0, Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(J_m * 2.0) / U_m)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end
U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (U_m <= 1.6e-74)
		tmp = J_m * (-2.0 * cos((K * 0.5)));
	elseif (U_m <= 6.5e+93)
		tmp = J_m * (-2.0 * hypot(1.0, (1.0 / ((J_m * 2.0) / U_m))));
	else
		tmp = -U_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end
U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[U$95$m, 1.6e-74], N[(J$95$m * N[(-2.0 * N[Cos[N[(K * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[U$95$m, 6.5e+93], N[(J$95$m * N[(-2.0 * N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + N[(1.0 / N[(N[(J$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] / U$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], (-U$95$m)]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
U_m = \left|U\right|
\\
J\_m = \left|J\right|
\\
J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right)

\\
J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;U\_m \leq 1.6 \cdot 10^{-74}:\\
\;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;U\_m \leq 6.5 \cdot 10^{+93}:\\
\;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{1}{\frac{J\_m \cdot 2}{U\_m}}\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-U\_m\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if U < 1.5999999999999999e-74

    1. Initial program 82.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified92.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in U around 0 62.3%

      \[\leadsto J \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)} \]

    if 1.5999999999999999e-74 < U < 6.4999999999999998e93

    1. Initial program 74.3%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified96.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/r*96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{U}{2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}\right)\right) \]
      2. associate-*l*96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right)\right) \]
      3. clear-num96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}{U}}}\right)\right) \]
      4. associate-/r/96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot U}\right)\right) \]
      5. *-commutative96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(J \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
      6. associate-/r*96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{J \cdot 2}}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
      7. *-commutative96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot J}}}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
      8. associate-/r*96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{J}}}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
      9. metadata-eval96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{J}}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
      10. div-inv96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{0.5}{J}}{\cos \color{blue}{\left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{0.5}{J}}{\cos \left(K \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right)} \cdot U\right)\right) \]
    5. Applied egg-rr96.8%

      \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5}{J}}{\cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot U}\right)\right) \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{U \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5}{J}}{\cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right)\right) \]
      2. clear-num96.7%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, U \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)}{\frac{0.5}{J}}}}\right)\right) \]
      3. div-inv96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{U}{\frac{\cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)}{\frac{0.5}{J}}}}\right)\right) \]
      4. metadata-eval96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{U}{\frac{\cos \left(K \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)}{\frac{0.5}{J}}}\right)\right) \]
      5. div-inv96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{U}{\frac{\cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}{\frac{0.5}{J}}}\right)\right) \]
      6. div-inv96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{U}{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{0.5}{J}}}}\right)\right) \]
      7. clear-num96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{J}{0.5}}}\right)\right) \]
      8. div-inv96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot \frac{1}{0.5}\right)}}\right)\right) \]
      9. metadata-eval96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot \color{blue}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]
      10. clear-num96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}{U}}}\right)\right) \]
      11. div-inv96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{1}{\frac{\cos \color{blue}{\left(K \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}{U}}\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval96.8%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{1}{\frac{\cos \left(K \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}{U}}\right)\right) \]
    7. Applied egg-rr96.8%

      \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot 2\right)}{U}}}\right)\right) \]
    8. Taylor expanded in K around 0 71.6%

      \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot J}}{U}}\right)\right) \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative71.6%

        \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{J \cdot 2}}{U}}\right)\right) \]
    10. Simplified71.6%

      \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{J \cdot 2}}{U}}\right)\right) \]
    11. Taylor expanded in K around 0 76.2%

      \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{1}{\frac{J \cdot 2}{U}}\right)\right) \]

    if 6.4999999999999998e93 < U

    1. Initial program 38.0%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified65.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in J around 0 37.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-137.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]
    6. Simplified37.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification60.1%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;U \leq 1.6 \cdot 10^{-74}:\\ \;\;\;\;J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;U \leq 6.5 \cdot 10^{+93}:\\ \;\;\;\;J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{1}{\frac{J \cdot 2}{U}}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 70.3% accurate, 3.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;U\_m \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{-74}:\\ \;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;U\_m \leq 8.5 \cdot 10^{+93}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, U\_m \cdot \frac{0.5}{J\_m}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  J_s
  (if (<= U_m 1.5e-74)
    (* J_m (* -2.0 (cos (* K 0.5))))
    (if (<= U_m 8.5e+93)
      (* (* -2.0 J_m) (hypot 1.0 (* U_m (/ 0.5 J_m))))
      (- U_m)))))
U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (U_m <= 1.5e-74) {
		tmp = J_m * (-2.0 * cos((K * 0.5)));
	} else if (U_m <= 8.5e+93) {
		tmp = (-2.0 * J_m) * hypot(1.0, (U_m * (0.5 / J_m)));
	} else {
		tmp = -U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (U_m <= 1.5e-74) {
		tmp = J_m * (-2.0 * Math.cos((K * 0.5)));
	} else if (U_m <= 8.5e+93) {
		tmp = (-2.0 * J_m) * Math.hypot(1.0, (U_m * (0.5 / J_m)));
	} else {
		tmp = -U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	tmp = 0
	if U_m <= 1.5e-74:
		tmp = J_m * (-2.0 * math.cos((K * 0.5)))
	elif U_m <= 8.5e+93:
		tmp = (-2.0 * J_m) * math.hypot(1.0, (U_m * (0.5 / J_m)))
	else:
		tmp = -U_m
	return J_s * tmp
U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (U_m <= 1.5e-74)
		tmp = Float64(J_m * Float64(-2.0 * cos(Float64(K * 0.5))));
	elseif (U_m <= 8.5e+93)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * hypot(1.0, Float64(U_m * Float64(0.5 / J_m))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end
U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (U_m <= 1.5e-74)
		tmp = J_m * (-2.0 * cos((K * 0.5)));
	elseif (U_m <= 8.5e+93)
		tmp = (-2.0 * J_m) * hypot(1.0, (U_m * (0.5 / J_m)));
	else
		tmp = -U_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end
U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[U$95$m, 1.5e-74], N[(J$95$m * N[(-2.0 * N[Cos[N[(K * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[U$95$m, 8.5e+93], N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + N[(U$95$m * N[(0.5 / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], (-U$95$m)]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
U_m = \left|U\right|
\\
J\_m = \left|J\right|
\\
J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right)

\\
J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;U\_m \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{-74}:\\
\;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;U\_m \leq 8.5 \cdot 10^{+93}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, U\_m \cdot \frac{0.5}{J\_m}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-U\_m\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if U < 1.50000000000000003e-74

    1. Initial program 82.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified92.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in U around 0 62.3%

      \[\leadsto J \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)} \]

    if 1.50000000000000003e-74 < U < 8.5000000000000005e93

    1. Initial program 74.3%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow274.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}} \]
      2. hypot-1-def97.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
      3. associate-/r*96.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{U}{2 \cdot J}}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right) \]
      4. cos-neg96.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2 \cdot J}}{\color{blue}{\cos \left(-\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right) \]
      5. distribute-frac-neg96.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2 \cdot J}}{\cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-K}{2}\right)}}\right) \]
      6. associate-/r*97.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-K}{2}\right)}}\right) \]
      7. hypot-1-def74.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-K}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-K}{2}\right)}}} \]
      8. unpow274.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]
    3. Simplified96.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{J \cdot 2}}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in K around 0 71.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{J \cdot 2}}{\color{blue}{1}}\right) \]
    6. Taylor expanded in K around 0 53.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + 0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative53.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + 0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot -2} \]
      2. *-commutative53.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 + 0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right)} \cdot -2 \]
      3. associate-*l*53.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + 0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right)} \]
      4. metadata-eval53.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 \cdot 1} + 0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]
      5. metadata-eval53.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 \cdot 1 + \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]
      6. unpow253.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 \cdot 1 + \left(0.5 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{U \cdot U}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]
      7. unpow253.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 \cdot 1 + \left(0.5 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{U \cdot U}{\color{blue}{J \cdot J}}} \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]
      8. times-frac56.4%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 \cdot 1 + \left(0.5 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}\right)}} \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]
      9. swap-sqr56.4%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 \cdot 1 + \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{U}{J}\right) \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{U}{J}\right)}} \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]
      10. hypot-undefine76.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, 0.5 \cdot \frac{U}{J}\right)} \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]
      11. associate-*r/76.3%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot U}{J}}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]
      12. associate-*l/76.2%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{J} \cdot U}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]
      13. *-commutative76.2%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{U \cdot \frac{0.5}{J}}\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]
      14. *-commutative76.2%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, U \cdot \frac{0.5}{J}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]
    8. Simplified76.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, U \cdot \frac{0.5}{J}\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]

    if 8.5000000000000005e93 < U

    1. Initial program 38.0%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified65.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in J around 0 37.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-137.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]
    6. Simplified37.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification60.1%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;U \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{-74}:\\ \;\;\;\;J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;U \leq 8.5 \cdot 10^{+93}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, U \cdot \frac{0.5}{J}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 67.6% accurate, 3.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;J\_m \leq 7 \cdot 10^{-42}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (* J_s (if (<= J_m 7e-42) (- U_m) (* J_m (* -2.0 (cos (* K 0.5)))))))
U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (J_m <= 7e-42) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = J_m * (-2.0 * cos((K * 0.5)));
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = abs(u)
J\_m = abs(j)
J\_s = copysign(1.0d0, j)
real(8) function code(j_s, j_m, k, u_m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: j_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: j_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u_m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (j_m <= 7d-42) then
        tmp = -u_m
    else
        tmp = j_m * ((-2.0d0) * cos((k * 0.5d0)))
    end if
    code = j_s * tmp
end function
U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (J_m <= 7e-42) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = J_m * (-2.0 * Math.cos((K * 0.5)));
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	tmp = 0
	if J_m <= 7e-42:
		tmp = -U_m
	else:
		tmp = J_m * (-2.0 * math.cos((K * 0.5)))
	return J_s * tmp
U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (J_m <= 7e-42)
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	else
		tmp = Float64(J_m * Float64(-2.0 * cos(Float64(K * 0.5))));
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end
U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (J_m <= 7e-42)
		tmp = -U_m;
	else
		tmp = J_m * (-2.0 * cos((K * 0.5)));
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end
U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[J$95$m, 7e-42], (-U$95$m), N[(J$95$m * N[(-2.0 * N[Cos[N[(K * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
U_m = \left|U\right|
\\
J\_m = \left|J\right|
\\
J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right)

\\
J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;J\_m \leq 7 \cdot 10^{-42}:\\
\;\;\;\;-U\_m\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if J < 7.0000000000000004e-42

    1. Initial program 66.5%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified84.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in J around 0 29.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-129.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]
    6. Simplified29.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

    if 7.0000000000000004e-42 < J

    1. Initial program 95.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in U around 0 76.1%

      \[\leadsto J \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification41.4%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;J \leq 7 \cdot 10^{-42}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;J \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 50.6% accurate, 52.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;U\_m \leq 1.82 \cdot 10^{-90}:\\ \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot J\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (* J_s (if (<= U_m 1.82e-90) (* -2.0 J_m) (- U_m))))
U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (U_m <= 1.82e-90) {
		tmp = -2.0 * J_m;
	} else {
		tmp = -U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = abs(u)
J\_m = abs(j)
J\_s = copysign(1.0d0, j)
real(8) function code(j_s, j_m, k, u_m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: j_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: j_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u_m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (u_m <= 1.82d-90) then
        tmp = (-2.0d0) * j_m
    else
        tmp = -u_m
    end if
    code = j_s * tmp
end function
U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (U_m <= 1.82e-90) {
		tmp = -2.0 * J_m;
	} else {
		tmp = -U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}
U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	tmp = 0
	if U_m <= 1.82e-90:
		tmp = -2.0 * J_m
	else:
		tmp = -U_m
	return J_s * tmp
U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (U_m <= 1.82e-90)
		tmp = Float64(-2.0 * J_m);
	else
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end
U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (U_m <= 1.82e-90)
		tmp = -2.0 * J_m;
	else
		tmp = -U_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end
U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[U$95$m, 1.82e-90], N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision], (-U$95$m)]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
U_m = \left|U\right|
\\
J\_m = \left|J\right|
\\
J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right)

\\
J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;U\_m \leq 1.82 \cdot 10^{-90}:\\
\;\;\;\;-2 \cdot J\_m\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-U\_m\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if U < 1.8199999999999999e-90

    1. Initial program 82.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified92.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in U around 0 62.4%

      \[\leadsto J \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in K around 0 31.6%

      \[\leadsto J \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

    if 1.8199999999999999e-90 < U

    1. Initial program 56.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
    2. Simplified80.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in J around 0 36.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-136.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]
    6. Simplified36.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification33.0%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;U \leq 1.82 \cdot 10^{-90}:\\ \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot J\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 39.1% accurate, 210.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ J\_s \cdot \left(-U\_m\right) \end{array} \]
U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m) :precision binary64 (* J_s (- U_m)))
U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	return J_s * -U_m;
}
U_m = abs(u)
J\_m = abs(j)
J\_s = copysign(1.0d0, j)
real(8) function code(j_s, j_m, k, u_m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: j_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: j_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u_m
    code = j_s * -u_m
end function
U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	return J_s * -U_m;
}
U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	return J_s * -U_m
U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	return Float64(J_s * Float64(-U_m))
end
U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = J_s * -U_m;
end
U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := N[(J$95$s * (-U$95$m)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
U_m = \left|U\right|
\\
J\_m = \left|J\right|
\\
J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right)

\\
J\_s \cdot \left(-U\_m\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 74.0%

    \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
  2. Simplified88.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in J around 0 27.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. neg-mul-127.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]
  6. Simplified27.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 12: 13.9% accurate, 420.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ J\_s \cdot U\_m \end{array} \]
U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m) :precision binary64 (* J_s U_m))
U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	return J_s * U_m;
}
U_m = abs(u)
J\_m = abs(j)
J\_s = copysign(1.0d0, j)
real(8) function code(j_s, j_m, k, u_m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: j_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: j_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u_m
    code = j_s * u_m
end function
U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	return J_s * U_m;
}
U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	return J_s * U_m
U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	return Float64(J_s * U_m)
end
U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = J_s * U_m;
end
U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := N[(J$95$s * U$95$m), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
U_m = \left|U\right|
\\
J\_m = \left|J\right|
\\
J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right)

\\
J\_s \cdot U\_m
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 74.0%

    \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
  2. Simplified88.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\frac{U}{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in U around -inf 24.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024191 
(FPCore (J K U)
  :name "Maksimov and Kolovsky, Equation (3)"
  :precision binary64
  (* (* (* -2.0 J) (cos (/ K 2.0))) (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U (* (* 2.0 J) (cos (/ K 2.0)))) 2.0)))))