
(FPCore (u1 u2) :precision binary64 (+ (* (* (/ 1.0 6.0) (pow (* -2.0 (log u1)) 0.5)) (cos (* (* 2.0 PI) u2))) 0.5))
double code(double u1, double u2) {
return (((1.0 / 6.0) * pow((-2.0 * log(u1)), 0.5)) * cos(((2.0 * ((double) M_PI)) * u2))) + 0.5;
}
public static double code(double u1, double u2) {
return (((1.0 / 6.0) * Math.pow((-2.0 * Math.log(u1)), 0.5)) * Math.cos(((2.0 * Math.PI) * u2))) + 0.5;
}
def code(u1, u2): return (((1.0 / 6.0) * math.pow((-2.0 * math.log(u1)), 0.5)) * math.cos(((2.0 * math.pi) * u2))) + 0.5
function code(u1, u2) return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / 6.0) * (Float64(-2.0 * log(u1)) ^ 0.5)) * cos(Float64(Float64(2.0 * pi) * u2))) + 0.5) end
function tmp = code(u1, u2) tmp = (((1.0 / 6.0) * ((-2.0 * log(u1)) ^ 0.5)) * cos(((2.0 * pi) * u2))) + 0.5; end
code[u1_, u2_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(1.0 / 6.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(-2.0 * N[Log[u1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(N[(2.0 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * u2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot {\left(-2 \cdot \log u1\right)}^{0.5}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) + 0.5
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 6 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u1 u2) :precision binary64 (+ (* (* (/ 1.0 6.0) (pow (* -2.0 (log u1)) 0.5)) (cos (* (* 2.0 PI) u2))) 0.5))
double code(double u1, double u2) {
return (((1.0 / 6.0) * pow((-2.0 * log(u1)), 0.5)) * cos(((2.0 * ((double) M_PI)) * u2))) + 0.5;
}
public static double code(double u1, double u2) {
return (((1.0 / 6.0) * Math.pow((-2.0 * Math.log(u1)), 0.5)) * Math.cos(((2.0 * Math.PI) * u2))) + 0.5;
}
def code(u1, u2): return (((1.0 / 6.0) * math.pow((-2.0 * math.log(u1)), 0.5)) * math.cos(((2.0 * math.pi) * u2))) + 0.5
function code(u1, u2) return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / 6.0) * (Float64(-2.0 * log(u1)) ^ 0.5)) * cos(Float64(Float64(2.0 * pi) * u2))) + 0.5) end
function tmp = code(u1, u2) tmp = (((1.0 / 6.0) * ((-2.0 * log(u1)) ^ 0.5)) * cos(((2.0 * pi) * u2))) + 0.5; end
code[u1_, u2_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(1.0 / 6.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(-2.0 * N[Log[u1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(N[(2.0 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * u2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot {\left(-2 \cdot \log u1\right)}^{0.5}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) + 0.5
\end{array}
(FPCore (u1 u2)
:precision binary64
(+
(sqrt
(*
(log (exp (pow (cos (* 2.0 (* u2 PI))) 2.0)))
(* (log u1) -0.05555555555555555)))
0.5))
double code(double u1, double u2) {
return sqrt((log(exp(pow(cos((2.0 * (u2 * ((double) M_PI)))), 2.0))) * (log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555))) + 0.5;
}
public static double code(double u1, double u2) {
return Math.sqrt((Math.log(Math.exp(Math.pow(Math.cos((2.0 * (u2 * Math.PI))), 2.0))) * (Math.log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555))) + 0.5;
}
def code(u1, u2): return math.sqrt((math.log(math.exp(math.pow(math.cos((2.0 * (u2 * math.pi))), 2.0))) * (math.log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555))) + 0.5
function code(u1, u2) return Float64(sqrt(Float64(log(exp((cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(u2 * pi))) ^ 2.0))) * Float64(log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555))) + 0.5) end
function tmp = code(u1, u2) tmp = sqrt((log(exp((cos((2.0 * (u2 * pi))) ^ 2.0))) * (log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555))) + 0.5; end
code[u1_, u2_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[Log[N[Exp[N[Power[N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(u2 * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Log[u1], $MachinePrecision] * -0.05555555555555555), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{\log \left(e^{{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\log u1 \cdot -0.05555555555555555\right)} + 0.5
\end{array}
Initial program 99.4%
add-sqr-sqrt99.1%
sqrt-unprod99.4%
*-commutative99.4%
pow1/299.4%
*-commutative99.4%
pow1/299.4%
swap-sqr99.4%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
associate-*l*99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
add-log-exp99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
(FPCore (u1 u2)
:precision binary64
(+
0.5
(sqrt
(*
(* (log u1) -0.05555555555555555)
(+ (+ (pow (cos (* 2.0 (* u2 PI))) 2.0) 1.0) -1.0)))))
double code(double u1, double u2) {
return 0.5 + sqrt(((log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555) * ((pow(cos((2.0 * (u2 * ((double) M_PI)))), 2.0) + 1.0) + -1.0)));
}
public static double code(double u1, double u2) {
return 0.5 + Math.sqrt(((Math.log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555) * ((Math.pow(Math.cos((2.0 * (u2 * Math.PI))), 2.0) + 1.0) + -1.0)));
}
def code(u1, u2): return 0.5 + math.sqrt(((math.log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555) * ((math.pow(math.cos((2.0 * (u2 * math.pi))), 2.0) + 1.0) + -1.0)))
function code(u1, u2) return Float64(0.5 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555) * Float64(Float64((cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(u2 * pi))) ^ 2.0) + 1.0) + -1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u1, u2) tmp = 0.5 + sqrt(((log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555) * (((cos((2.0 * (u2 * pi))) ^ 2.0) + 1.0) + -1.0))); end
code[u1_, u2_] := N[(0.5 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[Log[u1], $MachinePrecision] * -0.05555555555555555), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Power[N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(u2 * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.5 + \sqrt{\left(\log u1 \cdot -0.05555555555555555\right) \cdot \left(\left({\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + 1\right) + -1\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.4%
add-sqr-sqrt99.1%
sqrt-unprod99.4%
*-commutative99.4%
pow1/299.4%
*-commutative99.4%
pow1/299.4%
swap-sqr99.4%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
associate-*l*99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
add-log-exp99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
expm1-log1p-u99.6%
expm1-undefine99.6%
rem-log-exp99.6%
associate-*r*99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
log1p-undefine99.6%
rem-exp-log99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
associate-*l*99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (u1 u2) :precision binary64 (+ 0.5 (sqrt (* (pow (cos (* 2.0 (* u2 PI))) 2.0) (* (log u1) -0.05555555555555555)))))
double code(double u1, double u2) {
return 0.5 + sqrt((pow(cos((2.0 * (u2 * ((double) M_PI)))), 2.0) * (log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555)));
}
public static double code(double u1, double u2) {
return 0.5 + Math.sqrt((Math.pow(Math.cos((2.0 * (u2 * Math.PI))), 2.0) * (Math.log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555)));
}
def code(u1, u2): return 0.5 + math.sqrt((math.pow(math.cos((2.0 * (u2 * math.pi))), 2.0) * (math.log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555)))
function code(u1, u2) return Float64(0.5 + sqrt(Float64((cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(u2 * pi))) ^ 2.0) * Float64(log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555)))) end
function tmp = code(u1, u2) tmp = 0.5 + sqrt(((cos((2.0 * (u2 * pi))) ^ 2.0) * (log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555))); end
code[u1_, u2_] := N[(0.5 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(u2 * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Log[u1], $MachinePrecision] * -0.05555555555555555), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.5 + \sqrt{{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(\log u1 \cdot -0.05555555555555555\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.4%
add-sqr-sqrt99.1%
sqrt-unprod99.4%
*-commutative99.4%
pow1/299.4%
*-commutative99.4%
pow1/299.4%
swap-sqr99.4%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
associate-*l*99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (u1 u2) :precision binary64 (+ 0.5 (* (sqrt (* (log u1) -0.05555555555555555)) (cos (* u2 (* 2.0 PI))))))
double code(double u1, double u2) {
return 0.5 + (sqrt((log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555)) * cos((u2 * (2.0 * ((double) M_PI)))));
}
public static double code(double u1, double u2) {
return 0.5 + (Math.sqrt((Math.log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555)) * Math.cos((u2 * (2.0 * Math.PI))));
}
def code(u1, u2): return 0.5 + (math.sqrt((math.log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555)) * math.cos((u2 * (2.0 * math.pi))))
function code(u1, u2) return Float64(0.5 + Float64(sqrt(Float64(log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555)) * cos(Float64(u2 * Float64(2.0 * pi))))) end
function tmp = code(u1, u2) tmp = 0.5 + (sqrt((log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555)) * cos((u2 * (2.0 * pi)))); end
code[u1_, u2_] := N[(0.5 + N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[Log[u1], $MachinePrecision] * -0.05555555555555555), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(u2 * N[(2.0 * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.5 + \sqrt{\log u1 \cdot -0.05555555555555555} \cdot \cos \left(u2 \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.4%
pow1/299.4%
add-sqr-sqrt99.1%
sqrt-unprod99.4%
*-commutative99.4%
*-commutative99.4%
swap-sqr99.4%
add-sqr-sqrt99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
associate-*l*99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (u1 u2) :precision binary64 (+ 0.5 (sqrt (log (pow u1 -0.05555555555555555)))))
double code(double u1, double u2) {
return 0.5 + sqrt(log(pow(u1, -0.05555555555555555)));
}
real(8) function code(u1, u2)
real(8), intent (in) :: u1
real(8), intent (in) :: u2
code = 0.5d0 + sqrt(log((u1 ** (-0.05555555555555555d0))))
end function
public static double code(double u1, double u2) {
return 0.5 + Math.sqrt(Math.log(Math.pow(u1, -0.05555555555555555)));
}
def code(u1, u2): return 0.5 + math.sqrt(math.log(math.pow(u1, -0.05555555555555555)))
function code(u1, u2) return Float64(0.5 + sqrt(log((u1 ^ -0.05555555555555555)))) end
function tmp = code(u1, u2) tmp = 0.5 + sqrt(log((u1 ^ -0.05555555555555555))); end
code[u1_, u2_] := N[(0.5 + N[Sqrt[N[Log[N[Power[u1, -0.05555555555555555], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.5 + \sqrt{\log \left({u1}^{-0.05555555555555555}\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.4%
add-sqr-sqrt99.1%
sqrt-unprod99.4%
*-commutative99.4%
pow1/299.4%
*-commutative99.4%
pow1/299.4%
swap-sqr99.4%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
associate-*l*99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 98.3%
*-commutative98.3%
Simplified98.3%
add-log-exp98.3%
exp-to-pow98.4%
Applied egg-rr98.4%
Final simplification98.4%
(FPCore (u1 u2) :precision binary64 (+ 0.5 (sqrt (* (log u1) -0.05555555555555555))))
double code(double u1, double u2) {
return 0.5 + sqrt((log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555));
}
real(8) function code(u1, u2)
real(8), intent (in) :: u1
real(8), intent (in) :: u2
code = 0.5d0 + sqrt((log(u1) * (-0.05555555555555555d0)))
end function
public static double code(double u1, double u2) {
return 0.5 + Math.sqrt((Math.log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555));
}
def code(u1, u2): return 0.5 + math.sqrt((math.log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555))
function code(u1, u2) return Float64(0.5 + sqrt(Float64(log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555))) end
function tmp = code(u1, u2) tmp = 0.5 + sqrt((log(u1) * -0.05555555555555555)); end
code[u1_, u2_] := N[(0.5 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[Log[u1], $MachinePrecision] * -0.05555555555555555), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.5 + \sqrt{\log u1 \cdot -0.05555555555555555}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.4%
add-sqr-sqrt99.1%
sqrt-unprod99.4%
*-commutative99.4%
pow1/299.4%
*-commutative99.4%
pow1/299.4%
swap-sqr99.4%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
associate-*l*99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 98.3%
*-commutative98.3%
Simplified98.3%
Final simplification98.3%
herbie shell --seed 2024186
(FPCore (u1 u2)
:name "normal distribution"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 u1) (<= u1 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 u2) (<= u2 1.0)))
(+ (* (* (/ 1.0 6.0) (pow (* -2.0 (log u1)) 0.5)) (cos (* (* 2.0 PI) u2))) 0.5))