
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 11 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+ (/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (- (/ PI s))))) (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf(-(((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(-Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp(-(single(pi) / s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{-\frac{\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Final simplification99.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (- (log s) (/ s PI)) (log PI))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * ((logf(s) - (s / ((float) M_PI))) - logf(((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(log(s) - Float32(s / Float32(pi))) - log(Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * ((log(s) - (s / single(pi))) - log(single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\left(\log s - \frac{s}{\pi}\right) - \log \pi\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 25.1%
+-commutative25.1%
fma-define25.1%
associate--r+25.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.1%
distribute-rgt-out--25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.2%
associate-*r*25.2%
neg-mul-125.2%
log1p-define25.2%
Simplified25.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.5%
+-commutative25.5%
mul-1-neg25.5%
unsub-neg25.5%
Simplified25.5%
Final simplification25.5%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log s) (log PI))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (logf(s) - logf(((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(log(s) - log(Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (log(s) - log(single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\log s - \log \pi\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 25.1%
+-commutative25.1%
fma-define25.1%
associate--r+25.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.1%
distribute-rgt-out--25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.2%
associate-*r*25.2%
neg-mul-125.2%
log1p-define25.2%
Simplified25.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.4%
mul-1-neg25.4%
*-commutative25.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-in25.4%
mul-1-neg25.4%
unsub-neg25.4%
Simplified25.4%
Final simplification25.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (* -2.0 (* u (/ PI (* s (- -1.0 (/ PI s)))))) (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * ((-2.0f * (u * (((float) M_PI) / (s * (-1.0f - (((float) M_PI) / s)))))) - log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(Float32(-2.0) * Float32(u * Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(s * Float32(Float32(-1.0) - Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) - log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left(u \cdot \frac{\pi}{s \cdot \left(-1 - \frac{\pi}{s}\right)}\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 25.1%
+-commutative25.1%
fma-define25.1%
associate--r+25.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.1%
distribute-rgt-out--25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.2%
log1p-define25.2%
associate-/l*25.2%
Simplified25.2%
Final simplification25.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (/ (* PI (* u 2.0)) (+ 1.0 (/ PI s))) (* s (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return ((((float) M_PI) * (u * 2.0f)) / (1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s))) - (s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(u * Float32(2.0))) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s))) - Float32(s * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\pi \cdot \left(u \cdot 2\right)}{1 + \frac{\pi}{s}} - s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 25.1%
+-commutative25.1%
fma-define25.1%
associate--r+25.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.1%
distribute-rgt-out--25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.2%
+-commutative25.2%
mul-1-neg25.2%
unsub-neg25.2%
associate-*r/25.2%
associate-*r*25.2%
log1p-define25.2%
Simplified25.2%
Final simplification25.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log1p (/ 1.0 (/ s PI))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -log1pf((1.0f / (s / ((float) M_PI))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log1p(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(s / Float32(pi)))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\frac{s}{\pi}}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 25.1%
+-commutative25.1%
fma-define25.1%
associate--r+25.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.1%
distribute-rgt-out--25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.2%
associate-*r*25.2%
neg-mul-125.2%
log1p-define25.2%
Simplified25.2%
clear-num25.2%
inv-pow25.2%
Applied egg-rr25.2%
unpow-125.2%
Simplified25.2%
Final simplification25.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 25.1%
+-commutative25.1%
fma-define25.1%
associate--r+25.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.1%
distribute-rgt-out--25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.2%
associate-*r*25.2%
neg-mul-125.2%
log1p-define25.2%
Simplified25.2%
Final simplification25.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* -4.0 (+ (* PI (+ (* u -0.25) 0.25)) (* u (* PI -0.25)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -4.0f * ((((float) M_PI) * ((u * -0.25f) + 0.25f)) + (u * (((float) M_PI) * -0.25f)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(u * Float32(-0.25)) + Float32(0.25))) + Float32(u * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(-0.25))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(-4.0) * ((single(pi) * ((u * single(-0.25)) + single(0.25))) + (u * (single(pi) * single(-0.25)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-4 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(u \cdot -0.25 + 0.25\right) + u \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.25\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.7%
associate--r+11.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.7%
metadata-eval11.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.7%
associate-*r*11.7%
distribute-rgt-out11.7%
metadata-eval11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
associate-*r*11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
Simplified11.7%
Final simplification11.7%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* PI (* u 2.0)) PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (((float) M_PI) * (u * 2.0f)) - ((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(u * Float32(2.0))) - Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (single(pi) * (u * single(2.0))) - single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\pi \cdot \left(u \cdot 2\right) - \pi
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.7%
associate--r+11.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.7%
metadata-eval11.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.7%
associate-*r*11.7%
distribute-rgt-out11.7%
metadata-eval11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
associate-*r*11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
Simplified11.7%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 11.7%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.7%
+-commutative11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
associate-*r*11.7%
mul-1-neg11.7%
unsub-neg11.7%
Simplified11.7%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* PI (+ -1.0 (* u 2.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return ((float) M_PI) * (-1.0f + (u * 2.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(u * Float32(2.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(pi) * (single(-1.0) + (u * single(2.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\pi \cdot \left(-1 + u \cdot 2\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.7%
associate--r+11.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.7%
metadata-eval11.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.7%
associate-*r*11.7%
distribute-rgt-out11.7%
metadata-eval11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
associate-*r*11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
Simplified11.7%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.7%
neg-mul-111.7%
+-commutative11.7%
associate-*r*11.7%
neg-mul-111.7%
distribute-rgt-out11.7%
Simplified11.7%
Final simplification11.7%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.7%
neg-mul-111.7%
Simplified11.7%
herbie shell --seed 2024182
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))