
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(-
(*
a
(-
(*
a
(+
(* -2.0 (/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 5.0)))
(* -5.0 (/ (* a (pow c 4.0)) (pow b 7.0)))))
(/ (* c c) (pow b 3.0))))
(/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 5.0))) + (-5.0 * ((a * pow(c, 4.0)) / pow(b, 7.0))))) - ((c * c) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * ((a * (((-2.0d0) * ((c ** 3.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0))) + ((-5.0d0) * ((a * (c ** 4.0d0)) / (b ** 7.0d0))))) - ((c * c) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (Math.pow(c, 3.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-5.0 * ((a * Math.pow(c, 4.0)) / Math.pow(b, 7.0))))) - ((c * c) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (math.pow(c, 3.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-5.0 * ((a * math.pow(c, 4.0)) / math.pow(b, 7.0))))) - ((c * c) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(-5.0 * Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 4.0)) / (b ^ 7.0))))) - Float64(Float64(c * c) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * ((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + (-5.0 * ((a * (c ^ 4.0)) / (b ^ 7.0))))) - ((c * c) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(a * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-5.0 * N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + -5 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{4}}{{b}^{7}}\right) - \frac{c \cdot c}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 98.1%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 98.1%
associate-*r/98.1%
Applied egg-rr98.1%
associate-*r/98.1%
mul-1-neg98.1%
distribute-neg-frac298.1%
Simplified98.1%
unpow298.1%
Applied egg-rr98.1%
Final simplification98.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* a (- (/ (* -2.0 (* a (pow c 3.0))) (pow b 5.0)) (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * (((-2.0 * (a * pow(c, 3.0))) / pow(b, 5.0)) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * ((((-2.0d0) * (a * (c ** 3.0d0))) / (b ** 5.0d0)) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * (((-2.0 * (a * Math.pow(c, 3.0))) / Math.pow(b, 5.0)) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * (((-2.0 * (a * math.pow(c, 3.0))) / math.pow(b, 5.0)) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(a * (c ^ 3.0))) / (b ^ 5.0)) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * (((-2.0 * (a * (c ^ 3.0))) / (b ^ 5.0)) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(a * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(\frac{-2 \cdot \left(a \cdot {c}^{3}\right)}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 96.9%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.4%
neg-mul-197.4%
distribute-frac-neg97.4%
+-commutative97.4%
distribute-frac-neg97.4%
unsub-neg97.4%
mul-1-neg97.4%
unsub-neg97.4%
associate-*r/97.4%
Simplified97.4%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (+ (* c (* a (+ (/ (* -2.0 (* c a)) (pow b 5.0)) (/ -1.0 (pow b 3.0))))) (/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * (a * (((-2.0 * (c * a)) / pow(b, 5.0)) + (-1.0 / pow(b, 3.0))))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((c * (a * ((((-2.0d0) * (c * a)) / (b ** 5.0d0)) + ((-1.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0))))) + ((-1.0d0) / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * (a * (((-2.0 * (c * a)) / Math.pow(b, 5.0)) + (-1.0 / Math.pow(b, 3.0))))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((c * (a * (((-2.0 * (c * a)) / math.pow(b, 5.0)) + (-1.0 / math.pow(b, 3.0))))) + (-1.0 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(a * Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(c * a)) / (b ^ 5.0)) + Float64(-1.0 / (b ^ 3.0))))) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((c * (a * (((-2.0 * (c * a)) / (b ^ 5.0)) + (-1.0 / (b ^ 3.0))))) + (-1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(a * N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(\frac{-2 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)}{{b}^{5}} + \frac{-1}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 97.1%
distribute-lft-in97.1%
associate-/l*97.1%
associate-*r/97.1%
neg-mul-197.1%
Applied egg-rr97.1%
distribute-lft-out97.1%
fma-undefine97.1%
distribute-frac-neg97.1%
fmm-undef97.1%
associate-*r*97.1%
Simplified97.1%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.1%
associate-*r/97.1%
*-commutative97.1%
Simplified97.1%
Final simplification97.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (/ c (- b)) (* a (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c / -b) - (a * (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (c / -b) - (a * ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c / -b) - (a * (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (c / -b) - (a * (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c / Float64(-b)) - Float64(a * Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (c / -b) - (a * ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b} - a \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.7%
mul-1-neg95.7%
unsub-neg95.7%
mul-1-neg95.7%
distribute-neg-frac295.7%
associate-/l*95.7%
Simplified95.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- (- c) (* a (pow (/ c (- b)) 2.0))) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-c - (a * pow((c / -b), 2.0))) / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-c - (a * ((c / -b) ** 2.0d0))) / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-c - (a * Math.pow((c / -b), 2.0))) / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-c - (a * math.pow((c / -b), 2.0))) / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-c) - Float64(a * (Float64(c / Float64(-b)) ^ 2.0))) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-c - (a * ((c / -b) ^ 2.0))) / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-c) - N[(a * N[Power[N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-c\right) - a \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{-b}\right)}^{2}}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.3%
associate-*r/95.3%
neg-mul-195.3%
distribute-rgt-neg-in95.3%
Simplified95.3%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 95.6%
Simplified95.6%
Final simplification95.6%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (- (/ -1.0 b) (* (* c a) (pow b -3.0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - ((c * a) * pow(b, -3.0)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((-1.0d0) / b) - ((c * a) * (b ** (-3.0d0))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - ((c * a) * Math.pow(b, -3.0)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((-1.0 / b) - ((c * a) * math.pow(b, -3.0)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-1.0 / b) - Float64(Float64(c * a) * (b ^ -3.0)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((-1.0 / b) - ((c * a) * (b ^ -3.0))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[b, -3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{b} - \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot {b}^{-3}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.3%
associate-*r/95.3%
neg-mul-195.3%
distribute-rgt-neg-in95.3%
Simplified95.3%
pow195.3%
div-inv95.3%
distribute-rgt-neg-out95.3%
pow-flip95.3%
metadata-eval95.3%
Applied egg-rr95.3%
unpow195.3%
sub-neg95.3%
+-commutative95.3%
distribute-lft-neg-out95.3%
unsub-neg95.3%
distribute-neg-frac95.3%
metadata-eval95.3%
Simplified95.3%
Final simplification95.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (* a (/ (+ (/ -1.0 a) (* (/ c b) (/ -1.0 b))) b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * (a * (((-1.0 / a) + ((c / b) * (-1.0 / b))) / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (a * ((((-1.0d0) / a) + ((c / b) * ((-1.0d0) / b))) / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * (a * (((-1.0 / a) + ((c / b) * (-1.0 / b))) / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * (a * (((-1.0 / a) + ((c / b) * (-1.0 / b))) / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(a * Float64(Float64(Float64(-1.0 / a) + Float64(Float64(c / b) * Float64(-1.0 / b))) / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * (a * (((-1.0 / a) + ((c / b) * (-1.0 / b))) / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(a * N[(N[(N[(-1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(a \cdot \frac{\frac{-1}{a} + \frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{-1}{b}}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.3%
associate-*r/95.3%
neg-mul-195.3%
distribute-rgt-neg-in95.3%
Simplified95.3%
Taylor expanded in a around -inf 95.1%
mul-1-neg95.1%
*-commutative95.1%
distribute-rgt-neg-in95.1%
+-commutative95.1%
Simplified95.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 95.1%
*-un-lft-identity95.1%
unpow295.1%
times-frac95.1%
Applied egg-rr95.1%
Final simplification95.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return c / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 90.9%
associate-*r/90.9%
mul-1-neg90.9%
Simplified90.9%
Final simplification90.9%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 0.0)
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 0.0d0
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
def code(a, b, c): return 0.0
function code(a, b, c) return 0.0 end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
metadata-eval17.0%
distribute-lft-neg-in17.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-in17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
fmm-def17.0%
add-sqr-sqrt17.0%
difference-of-squares17.0%
associate-*l*17.0%
sqrt-prod17.0%
metadata-eval17.0%
associate-*l*17.0%
sqrt-prod17.0%
metadata-eval17.0%
Applied egg-rr17.0%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 3.3%
associate-*r/3.3%
distribute-rgt-out3.3%
metadata-eval3.3%
mul0-rgt3.3%
metadata-eval3.3%
Simplified3.3%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 3.3%
herbie shell --seed 2024181
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))