UniformSampleCone 2

Percentage Accurate: 98.9% → 98.7%
Time: 17.6s
Alternatives: 12
Speedup: N/A×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(-10000 \leq xi \land xi \leq 10000\right) \land \left(-10000 \leq yi \land yi \leq 10000\right)\right) \land \left(-10000 \leq zi \land zi \leq 10000\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq ux \land ux \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq uy \land uy \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(0 \leq maxCos \land maxCos \leq 1\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\\ \left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) PI)))
   (+ (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi)) (* t_0 zi))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = ((1.0f - ux) * maxCos) * ux;
	float t_1 = sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0)));
	float t_2 = (uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI);
	return (((cosf(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sinf(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (t_0 * zi);
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux)
	t_1 = sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0)))
	t_2 = Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + Float32(Float32(sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + Float32(t_0 * zi))
end
function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = ((single(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux;
	t_1 = sqrt((single(1.0) - (t_0 * t_0)));
	t_2 = (uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi);
	tmp = (((cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (t_0 * zi);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\
t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\
t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\\
\left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 12 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\\ \left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) PI)))
   (+ (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi)) (* t_0 zi))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = ((1.0f - ux) * maxCos) * ux;
	float t_1 = sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0)));
	float t_2 = (uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI);
	return (((cosf(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sinf(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (t_0 * zi);
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux)
	t_1 = sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0)))
	t_2 = Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + Float32(Float32(sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + Float32(t_0 * zi))
end
function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = ((single(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux;
	t_1 = sqrt((single(1.0) - (t_0 * t_0)));
	t_2 = (uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi);
	tmp = (((cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (t_0 * zi);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\
t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\
t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\\
\left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 98.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0} \cdot xi, zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos))))
   (fma
    (cos (* uy (* 2.0 PI)))
    (* (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))) xi)
    (*
     zi
     (+ (* maxCos (* ux (- 1.0 ux))) (/ (* yi (sin (* 2.0 (* uy PI)))) zi))))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = (1.0f - ux) * (ux * maxCos);
	return fmaf(cosf((uy * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI)))), (sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0))) * xi), (zi * ((maxCos * (ux * (1.0f - ux))) + ((yi * sinf((2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI))))) / zi))));
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * Float32(ux * maxCos))
	return fma(cos(Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)))), Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0))) * xi), Float32(zi * Float32(Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux))) + Float32(Float32(yi * sin(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi))))) / zi))))
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0} \cdot xi, zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.1%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-+l+99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
    2. associate-*l*99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
    3. fma-define99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
  3. Simplified99.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 99.1%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \]
  6. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0 99.1%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right)\right) \]
  7. Final simplification99.1%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right) \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.8% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\\ \left(xi \cdot \left(\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + t\_0 \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)\right)}\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + zi \cdot t\_0 \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* ux (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos))))
   (+
    (+
     (*
      xi
      (*
       (cos (* PI (* uy 2.0)))
       (sqrt (+ 1.0 (* t_0 (* ux (* maxCos (+ ux -1.0))))))))
     (* yi (sin (* uy (* 2.0 PI)))))
    (* zi t_0))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = ux * ((1.0f - ux) * maxCos);
	return ((xi * (cosf((((float) M_PI) * (uy * 2.0f))) * sqrtf((1.0f + (t_0 * (ux * (maxCos * (ux + -1.0f)))))))) + (yi * sinf((uy * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI)))))) + (zi * t_0);
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos))
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(xi * Float32(cos(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)))) * sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(t_0 * Float32(ux * Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux + Float32(-1.0))))))))) + Float32(yi * sin(Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)))))) + Float32(zi * t_0))
end
function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = ux * ((single(1.0) - ux) * maxCos);
	tmp = ((xi * (cos((single(pi) * (uy * single(2.0)))) * sqrt((single(1.0) + (t_0 * (ux * (maxCos * (ux + single(-1.0))))))))) + (yi * sin((uy * (single(2.0) * single(pi)))))) + (zi * t_0);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\\
\left(xi \cdot \left(\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + t\_0 \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)\right)}\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + zi \cdot t\_0
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.1%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 99.1%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*99.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + yi \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(2 \cdot uy\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    2. *-commutative99.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + yi \cdot \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \pi\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    3. associate-*l*99.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + yi \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  5. Simplified99.1%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  6. Final simplification99.1%

    \[\leadsto \left(xi \cdot \left(\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)\right)}\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.7% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\ zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(yi, \sin t\_0, xi \cdot \cos t\_0\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (* uy PI))))
   (+
    (* zi (* ux (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos)))
    (fma yi (sin t_0) (* xi (cos t_0))))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = 2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI));
	return (zi * (ux * ((1.0f - ux) * maxCos))) + fmaf(yi, sinf(t_0), (xi * cosf(t_0)));
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))
	return Float32(Float32(zi * Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos))) + fma(yi, sin(t_0), Float32(xi * cos(t_0))))
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\
zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(yi, \sin t\_0, xi \cdot \cos t\_0\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.1%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-log1p-u99.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  4. Applied egg-rr99.0%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-undefine98.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)\right)} - 1\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    2. log1p-undefine99.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} - 1\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    3. rem-exp-log99.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + \cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)\right)} - 1\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    4. *-commutative99.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\left(1 + \cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot uy\right)} \cdot \pi\right)\right) - 1\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    5. associate-*r*99.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\left(1 + \cos \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.0%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) - 1\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  7. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 99.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutative99.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    2. fma-define99.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(yi, \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    3. *-commutative99.0%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(yi, \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  9. Simplified99.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(yi, \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  10. Final simplification99.0%

    \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(yi, \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]
  11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 98.7% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\ zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \sin t\_0 + xi \cdot \cos t\_0\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (* uy PI))))
   (+
    (* zi (* ux (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos)))
    (+ (* yi (sin t_0)) (* xi (cos t_0))))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = 2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI));
	return (zi * (ux * ((1.0f - ux) * maxCos))) + ((yi * sinf(t_0)) + (xi * cosf(t_0)));
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))
	return Float32(Float32(zi * Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos))) + Float32(Float32(yi * sin(t_0)) + Float32(xi * cos(t_0))))
end
function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = single(2.0) * (uy * single(pi));
	tmp = (zi * (ux * ((single(1.0) - ux) * maxCos))) + ((yi * sin(t_0)) + (xi * cos(t_0)));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\
zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \sin t\_0 + xi \cdot \cos t\_0\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.1%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-log1p-u99.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  4. Applied egg-rr99.0%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-undefine98.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)\right)} - 1\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    2. log1p-undefine99.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} - 1\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    3. rem-exp-log99.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + \cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)\right)} - 1\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    4. *-commutative99.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\left(1 + \cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot uy\right)} \cdot \pi\right)\right) - 1\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    5. associate-*r*99.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\left(1 + \cos \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.0%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) - 1\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  7. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 99.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  8. Final simplification99.0%

    \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 98.7% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\ \left(yi \cdot \sin t\_0 + xi \cdot \cos t\_0\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (* uy PI))))
   (+
    (+ (* yi (sin t_0)) (* xi (cos t_0)))
    (* maxCos (* ux (* (- 1.0 ux) zi))))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = 2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI));
	return ((yi * sinf(t_0)) + (xi * cosf(t_0))) + (maxCos * (ux * ((1.0f - ux) * zi)));
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(yi * sin(t_0)) + Float32(xi * cos(t_0))) + Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * zi))))
end
function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = single(2.0) * (uy * single(pi));
	tmp = ((yi * sin(t_0)) + (xi * cos(t_0))) + (maxCos * (ux * ((single(1.0) - ux) * zi)));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\
\left(yi \cdot \sin t\_0 + xi \cdot \cos t\_0\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.1%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-+l+99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
    2. associate-*l*99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
    3. fma-define99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
  3. Simplified99.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 99.1%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \]
  6. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0 98.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  7. Final simplification98.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 95.4% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\ \left(yi \cdot \sin t\_0 + xi \cdot \cos t\_0\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (* uy PI))))
   (+ (+ (* yi (sin t_0)) (* xi (cos t_0))) (* maxCos (* ux zi)))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = 2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI));
	return ((yi * sinf(t_0)) + (xi * cosf(t_0))) + (maxCos * (ux * zi));
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(yi * sin(t_0)) + Float32(xi * cos(t_0))) + Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * zi)))
end
function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = single(2.0) * (uy * single(pi));
	tmp = ((yi * sin(t_0)) + (xi * cos(t_0))) + (maxCos * (ux * zi));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\
\left(yi \cdot \sin t\_0 + xi \cdot \cos t\_0\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.1%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-+l+99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
    2. associate-*l*99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
    3. fma-define99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
  3. Simplified99.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 99.1%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \]
  6. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 96.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  7. Final simplification96.4%

    \[\leadsto \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 89.7% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\ yi \cdot \sin t\_0 + xi \cdot \cos t\_0 \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (* uy PI)))) (+ (* yi (sin t_0)) (* xi (cos t_0)))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = 2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI));
	return (yi * sinf(t_0)) + (xi * cosf(t_0));
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))
	return Float32(Float32(yi * sin(t_0)) + Float32(xi * cos(t_0)))
end
function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = single(2.0) * (uy * single(pi));
	tmp = (yi * sin(t_0)) + (xi * cos(t_0));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\
yi \cdot \sin t\_0 + xi \cdot \cos t\_0
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.1%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-+l+99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
    2. associate-*l*99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
    3. fma-define99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
  3. Simplified99.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 99.1%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \]
  6. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 91.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
  7. Final simplification91.5%

    \[\leadsto yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 79.9% accurate, 2.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, 1, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (fma xi 1.0 (* yi (sin (* 2.0 (* uy PI))))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return fmaf(xi, 1.0f, (yi * sinf((2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI))))));
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return fma(xi, Float32(1.0), Float32(yi * sin(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi))))))
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, 1, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.1%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-+l+99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
    2. associate-*l*99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
    3. fma-define99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
  3. Simplified99.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 99.1%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \]
  6. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 91.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. fma-define91.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  8. Simplified91.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in uy around 0 85.0%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \color{blue}{1}, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 77.4% accurate, 3.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ xi + uy \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(xi \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (+ xi (* uy (+ (* -2.0 (* uy (* xi (pow PI 2.0)))) (* 2.0 (* PI yi))))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return xi + (uy * ((-2.0f * (uy * (xi * powf(((float) M_PI), 2.0f)))) + (2.0f * (((float) M_PI) * yi))));
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(xi + Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(Float32(-2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(xi * (Float32(pi) ^ Float32(2.0))))) + Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(Float32(pi) * yi)))))
end
function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = xi + (uy * ((single(-2.0) * (uy * (xi * (single(pi) ^ single(2.0))))) + (single(2.0) * (single(pi) * yi))));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
xi + uy \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(xi \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.1%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-+l+99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
    2. associate-*l*99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
    3. fma-define99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
  3. Simplified99.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 99.1%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \]
  6. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 91.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. fma-define91.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  8. Simplified91.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in uy around 0 82.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi + uy \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(xi \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(yi \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
  10. Final simplification82.0%

    \[\leadsto xi + uy \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(xi \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right) \]
  11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 76.4% accurate, 4.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;uy \leq 0.02199999988079071:\\ \;\;\;\;xi + 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= uy 0.02199999988079071)
   (+ xi (* 2.0 (* uy (* PI yi))))
   (* yi (sin (* 2.0 (* uy PI))))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float tmp;
	if (uy <= 0.02199999988079071f) {
		tmp = xi + (2.0f * (uy * (((float) M_PI) * yi)));
	} else {
		tmp = yi * sinf((2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (uy <= Float32(0.02199999988079071))
		tmp = Float32(xi + Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(pi) * yi))));
	else
		tmp = Float32(yi * sin(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if (uy <= single(0.02199999988079071))
		tmp = xi + (single(2.0) * (uy * (single(pi) * yi)));
	else
		tmp = yi * sin((single(2.0) * (uy * single(pi))));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;uy \leq 0.02199999988079071:\\
\;\;\;\;xi + 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if uy < 0.0219999999

    1. Initial program 99.3%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l+99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
      2. associate-*l*99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
      3. fma-define99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
    3. Simplified99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi\right)\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 99.3%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \]
    6. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 91.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. fma-define91.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
    8. Simplified91.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in uy around 0 85.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi + 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]

    if 0.0219999999 < uy

    1. Initial program 98.1%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l+98.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
      2. associate-*l*98.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
      3. fma-define98.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
    3. Simplified98.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi\right)\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 98.1%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \]
    6. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 92.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. fma-define92.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
    8. Simplified92.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in xi around 0 62.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification81.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;uy \leq 0.02199999988079071:\\ \;\;\;\;xi + 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 73.5% accurate, 51.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ xi + 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (+ xi (* 2.0 (* uy (* PI yi)))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return xi + (2.0f * (uy * (((float) M_PI) * yi)));
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(xi + Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(pi) * yi))))
end
function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = xi + (single(2.0) * (uy * (single(pi) * yi)));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
xi + 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.1%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-+l+99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
    2. associate-*l*99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
    3. fma-define99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
  3. Simplified99.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 99.1%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \]
  6. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 91.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. fma-define91.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  8. Simplified91.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in uy around 0 78.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi + 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
  10. Final simplification78.2%

    \[\leadsto xi + 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right) \]
  11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 12: 45.3% accurate, 461.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ xi \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos) :precision binary32 xi)
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return xi;
}
real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
    real(4), intent (in) :: xi
    real(4), intent (in) :: yi
    real(4), intent (in) :: zi
    real(4), intent (in) :: ux
    real(4), intent (in) :: uy
    real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
    code = xi
end function
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return xi
end
function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = xi;
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
xi
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.1%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-+l+99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
    2. associate-*l*99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
    3. fma-define99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
  3. Simplified99.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 99.1%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \]
  6. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 91.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. fma-define91.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  8. Simplified91.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in uy around 0 46.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024180 
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
  :name "UniformSampleCone 2"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (and (and (and (<= -10000.0 xi) (<= xi 10000.0)) (and (<= -10000.0 yi) (<= yi 10000.0))) (and (<= -10000.0 zi) (<= zi 10000.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 ux) (<= ux 1.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 uy) (<= uy 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0 maxCos) (<= maxCos 1.0)))
  (+ (+ (* (* (cos (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))))) xi) (* (* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))))) yi)) (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi)))