
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 15 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log1p
(+
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (pow (exp (/ 1.0 s)) PI)))))
-2.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -log1pf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + powf(expf((1.0f / s)), ((float) M_PI)))))) + -2.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log1p(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + (exp(Float32(Float32(1.0) / s)) ^ Float32(pi)))))) + Float32(-2.0))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + {\left(e^{\frac{1}{s}}\right)}^{\pi}}} + -2\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.8%
clear-num98.9%
inv-pow98.9%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
unpow-198.9%
Simplified98.9%
log1p-expm1-u98.9%
expm1-undefine98.9%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
associate--l+98.9%
metadata-eval98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Final simplification98.9%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ 1.0 (/ s PI)))))))
-1.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((1.0f / (s / ((float) M_PI)))))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(s / Float32(pi)))))))) + Float32(-1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(1.0) / (s / single(pi)))))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{1}{\frac{s}{\pi}}}}} + -1\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.8%
clear-num98.9%
inv-pow98.9%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
unpow-198.9%
Simplified98.9%
Final simplification98.9%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log1p
(+
-2.0
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -log1pf((-2.0f + (1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log1p(Float32(Float32(-2.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-2 + \frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.8%
clear-num98.9%
inv-pow98.9%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
unpow-198.9%
Simplified98.9%
log1p-expm1-u98.9%
expm1-undefine98.9%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
associate--l+98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Final simplification98.9%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log
(+
-1.0
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log((single(-1.0) + (single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.8%
Final simplification98.8%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log
(log
(+
E
(/
(* -4.0 (* E (- (* 0.25 (* u PI)) (fma -0.25 (* u PI) (* PI 0.25)))))
s)))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf(logf((((float) M_E) + ((-4.0f * (((float) M_E) * ((0.25f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) - fmaf(-0.25f, (u * ((float) M_PI)), (((float) M_PI) * 0.25f))))) / s))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(log(Float32(Float32(exp(1)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(exp(1)) * Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) - fma(Float32(-0.25), Float32(u * Float32(pi)), Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(0.25)))))) / s)))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \log \left(e + \frac{-4 \cdot \left(e \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, u \cdot \pi, \pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)\right)}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.8%
clear-num98.9%
inv-pow98.9%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
unpow-198.9%
Simplified98.9%
add-log-exp21.0%
associate-/r/21.0%
exp-prod21.0%
Applied egg-rr21.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 25.5%
exp-1-e25.5%
associate-*r/25.5%
*-commutative25.5%
*-commutative25.5%
fma-define25.5%
*-commutative25.5%
*-commutative25.5%
exp-1-e25.5%
Simplified25.5%
Final simplification25.5%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (+ (- (- (log s) (/ s PI)) (log PI)) (/ (* -2.0 (* u PI)) (* s (- -1.0 (/ PI s)))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (((logf(s) - (s / ((float) M_PI))) - logf(((float) M_PI))) + ((-2.0f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) / (s * (-1.0f - (((float) M_PI) / s)))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(Float32(log(s) - Float32(s / Float32(pi))) - log(Float32(pi))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(-2.0) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) / Float32(s * Float32(Float32(-1.0) - Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (((log(s) - (s / single(pi))) - log(single(pi))) + ((single(-2.0) * (u * single(pi))) / (s * (single(-1.0) - (single(pi) / s))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\left(\left(\log s - \frac{s}{\pi}\right) - \log \pi\right) + \frac{-2 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right)}{s \cdot \left(-1 - \frac{\pi}{s}\right)}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 25.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.0%
distribute-rgt-out--25.0%
metadata-eval25.0%
metadata-eval25.0%
*-commutative25.0%
Simplified25.0%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
log1p-define25.1%
associate-*r/25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.4%
+-commutative25.4%
mul-1-neg25.4%
unsub-neg25.4%
Simplified25.4%
Final simplification25.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log s) (+ (log PI) (* u -2.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (logf(s) - (logf(((float) M_PI)) + (u * -2.0f)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(log(s) - Float32(log(Float32(pi)) + Float32(u * Float32(-2.0))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (log(s) - (log(single(pi)) + (u * single(-2.0)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\log s - \left(\log \pi + u \cdot -2\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 25.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.0%
distribute-rgt-out--25.0%
metadata-eval25.0%
metadata-eval25.0%
*-commutative25.0%
Simplified25.0%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
log1p-define25.1%
associate-*r/25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.4%
mul-1-neg25.4%
*-commutative25.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-in25.4%
associate-+r+25.4%
mul-1-neg25.4%
unsub-neg25.4%
*-commutative25.4%
Simplified25.4%
Final simplification25.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log (+ 1.0 (/ PI s))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf((1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log((single(1.0) + (single(pi) / s))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(1 + \frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 25.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.0%
distribute-rgt-out--25.0%
metadata-eval25.0%
metadata-eval25.0%
*-commutative25.0%
Simplified25.0%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.2%
Final simplification25.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 25.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.0%
distribute-rgt-out--25.0%
metadata-eval25.0%
metadata-eval25.0%
*-commutative25.0%
Simplified25.0%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.2%
log1p-define25.2%
Simplified25.2%
Final simplification25.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* 4.0 (- (* 0.25 (* u PI)) (+ (* (* u PI) -0.25) (* PI 0.25)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return 4.0f * ((0.25f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) - (((u * ((float) M_PI)) * -0.25f) + (((float) M_PI) * 0.25f)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(4.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) - Float32(Float32(Float32(u * Float32(pi)) * Float32(-0.25)) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(0.25))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(4.0) * ((single(0.25) * (u * single(pi))) - (((u * single(pi)) * single(-0.25)) + (single(pi) * single(0.25)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
4 \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) - \left(\left(u \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.25 + \pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 11.7%
Final simplification11.7%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* 4.0 (- (* 0.25 (* u PI)) (* PI (+ 0.25 (* u -0.25))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return 4.0f * ((0.25f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) - (((float) M_PI) * (0.25f + (u * -0.25f))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(4.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) - Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(0.25) + Float32(u * Float32(-0.25)))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(4.0) * ((single(0.25) * (u * single(pi))) - (single(pi) * (single(0.25) + (u * single(-0.25))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
4 \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) - \pi \cdot \left(0.25 + u \cdot -0.25\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 11.7%
*-un-lft-identity11.7%
fma-define11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
Applied egg-rr11.7%
*-lft-identity11.7%
fma-undefine11.7%
associate-*r*11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
distribute-rgt-out11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
Simplified11.7%
Final simplification11.7%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* u (- (* PI 2.0) (/ PI u))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return u * ((((float) M_PI) * 2.0f) - (((float) M_PI) / u));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0)) - Float32(Float32(pi) / u))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = u * ((single(pi) * single(2.0)) - (single(pi) / u)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
u \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2 - \frac{\pi}{u}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 11.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.7%
metadata-eval11.7%
distribute-rgt-out--11.7%
metadata-eval11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
Simplified11.7%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 11.7%
+-commutative11.7%
mul-1-neg11.7%
unsub-neg11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
Simplified11.7%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* PI (+ -1.0 (* u 2.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return ((float) M_PI) * (-1.0f + (u * 2.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(u * Float32(2.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(pi) * (single(-1.0) + (u * single(2.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\pi \cdot \left(-1 + u \cdot 2\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 11.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.7%
metadata-eval11.7%
distribute-rgt-out--11.7%
metadata-eval11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
Simplified11.7%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.7%
neg-mul-111.7%
+-commutative11.7%
associate-*r*11.7%
neg-mul-111.7%
distribute-rgt-out11.7%
Simplified11.7%
Final simplification11.7%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.5%
mul-1-neg11.5%
Simplified11.5%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 0.0)
float code(float u, float s) {
return 0.0f;
}
real(4) function code(u, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: u
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = 0.0e0
end function
function code(u, s) return Float32(0.0) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(0.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.7%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.7%
herbie shell --seed 2024180
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))