
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (sin x) x))
double code(double x) {
return sin(x) - x;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sin(x) - x
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sin(x) - x;
}
def code(x): return math.sin(x) - x
function code(x) return Float64(sin(x) - x) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sin(x) - x; end
code[x_] := N[(N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision] - x), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sin x - x
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 4 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (sin x) x))
double code(double x) {
return sin(x) - x;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sin(x) - x
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sin(x) - x;
}
def code(x): return math.sin(x) - x
function code(x) return Float64(sin(x) - x) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sin(x) - x; end
code[x_] := N[(N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision] - x), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sin x - x
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* (fma (pow x 4.0) 6.944444444444444e-5 -0.027777777777777776) (/ (pow x 3.0) (fma 0.008333333333333333 (pow x 2.0) 0.16666666666666666))))
double code(double x) {
return fma(pow(x, 4.0), 6.944444444444444e-5, -0.027777777777777776) * (pow(x, 3.0) / fma(0.008333333333333333, pow(x, 2.0), 0.16666666666666666));
}
function code(x) return Float64(fma((x ^ 4.0), 6.944444444444444e-5, -0.027777777777777776) * Float64((x ^ 3.0) / fma(0.008333333333333333, (x ^ 2.0), 0.16666666666666666))) end
code[x_] := N[(N[(N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * 6.944444444444444e-5 + -0.027777777777777776), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.008333333333333333 * N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{fma}\left({x}^{4}, 6.944444444444444 \cdot 10^{-5}, -0.027777777777777776\right) \cdot \frac{{x}^{3}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.008333333333333333, {x}^{2}, 0.16666666666666666\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 63.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.4%
flip--98.4%
associate-*r/98.4%
sub-neg98.4%
*-commutative98.4%
*-commutative98.4%
swap-sqr98.4%
pow-prod-up98.4%
metadata-eval98.4%
metadata-eval98.4%
metadata-eval98.4%
metadata-eval98.4%
fma-define98.4%
Applied egg-rr98.4%
*-commutative98.4%
*-un-lft-identity98.4%
times-frac98.4%
fma-define98.4%
Applied egg-rr98.4%
Final simplification98.4%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* (pow x 3.0) (- (* 0.008333333333333333 (* x x)) 0.16666666666666666)))
double code(double x) {
return pow(x, 3.0) * ((0.008333333333333333 * (x * x)) - 0.16666666666666666);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (x ** 3.0d0) * ((0.008333333333333333d0 * (x * x)) - 0.16666666666666666d0)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.pow(x, 3.0) * ((0.008333333333333333 * (x * x)) - 0.16666666666666666);
}
def code(x): return math.pow(x, 3.0) * ((0.008333333333333333 * (x * x)) - 0.16666666666666666)
function code(x) return Float64((x ^ 3.0) * Float64(Float64(0.008333333333333333 * Float64(x * x)) - 0.16666666666666666)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (x ^ 3.0) * ((0.008333333333333333 * (x * x)) - 0.16666666666666666); end
code[x_] := N[(N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(0.008333333333333333 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{x}^{3} \cdot \left(0.008333333333333333 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) - 0.16666666666666666\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 63.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.4%
unpow298.4%
Applied egg-rr98.4%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (sin x) x))
double code(double x) {
return sin(x) - x;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sin(x) - x
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sin(x) - x;
}
def code(x): return math.sin(x) - x
function code(x) return Float64(sin(x) - x) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sin(x) - x; end
code[x_] := N[(N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision] - x), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sin x - x
\end{array}
Initial program 63.9%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 0.0)
double code(double x) {
return 0.0;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.0;
}
def code(x): return 0.0
function code(x) return 0.0 end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.0; end
code[x_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 63.9%
expm1-log1p-u63.9%
expm1-undefine8.2%
log1p-undefine8.2%
rem-exp-log8.2%
Applied egg-rr8.2%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 6.1%
+-commutative6.1%
Simplified6.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 61.2%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (< (fabs x) 0.07) (- (+ (- (/ (pow x 3.0) 6.0) (/ (pow x 5.0) 120.0)) (/ (pow x 7.0) 5040.0))) (- (sin x) x)))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (fabs(x) < 0.07) {
tmp = -(((pow(x, 3.0) / 6.0) - (pow(x, 5.0) / 120.0)) + (pow(x, 7.0) / 5040.0));
} else {
tmp = sin(x) - x;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (abs(x) < 0.07d0) then
tmp = -((((x ** 3.0d0) / 6.0d0) - ((x ** 5.0d0) / 120.0d0)) + ((x ** 7.0d0) / 5040.0d0))
else
tmp = sin(x) - x
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (Math.abs(x) < 0.07) {
tmp = -(((Math.pow(x, 3.0) / 6.0) - (Math.pow(x, 5.0) / 120.0)) + (Math.pow(x, 7.0) / 5040.0));
} else {
tmp = Math.sin(x) - x;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if math.fabs(x) < 0.07: tmp = -(((math.pow(x, 3.0) / 6.0) - (math.pow(x, 5.0) / 120.0)) + (math.pow(x, 7.0) / 5040.0)) else: tmp = math.sin(x) - x return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (abs(x) < 0.07) tmp = Float64(-Float64(Float64(Float64((x ^ 3.0) / 6.0) - Float64((x ^ 5.0) / 120.0)) + Float64((x ^ 7.0) / 5040.0))); else tmp = Float64(sin(x) - x); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (abs(x) < 0.07) tmp = -((((x ^ 3.0) / 6.0) - ((x ^ 5.0) / 120.0)) + ((x ^ 7.0) / 5040.0)); else tmp = sin(x) - x; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[Less[N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision], 0.07], (-N[(N[(N[(N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / 6.0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[x, 5.0], $MachinePrecision] / 120.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Power[x, 7.0], $MachinePrecision] / 5040.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), N[(N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision] - x), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\left|x\right| < 0.07:\\
\;\;\;\;-\left(\left(\frac{{x}^{3}}{6} - \frac{{x}^{5}}{120}\right) + \frac{{x}^{7}}{5040}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sin x - x\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024179
(FPCore (x)
:name "bug500 (missed optimization)"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (< -1000.0 x) (< x 1000.0))
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (if (< (fabs x) 7/100) (- (+ (- (/ (pow x 3) 6) (/ (pow x 5) 120)) (/ (pow x 7) 5040))) (- (sin x) x)))
(- (sin x) x))