NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, B

Percentage Accurate: 78.2% → 99.6%
Time: 10.1s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 1.9×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b):
	return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 78.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b):
	return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.6% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (* (/ (* 0.5 PI) (+ a b)) (/ (+ (/ 1.0 a) (/ -1.0 b)) (- b a))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((0.5 * ((double) M_PI)) / (a + b)) * (((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((0.5 * Math.PI) / (a + b)) * (((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a));
}
def code(a, b):
	return ((0.5 * math.pi) / (a + b)) * (((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(0.5 * pi) / Float64(a + b)) * Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) + Float64(-1.0 / b)) / Float64(b - a)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((0.5 * pi) / (a + b)) * (((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(0.5 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 80.0%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. un-div-inv80.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. difference-of-squares90.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    3. associate-/r*91.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    4. div-inv91.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    5. metadata-eval91.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  4. Applied egg-rr91.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
    2. associate-/l*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    2. associate-*r/99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    3. *-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \pi}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    4. +-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{\color{blue}{a + b}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    5. sub-neg99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
    6. distribute-neg-frac99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
    7. metadata-eval99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
  8. Simplified99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.6% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}}{a + b} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* 0.5 PI) (/ (/ (+ (/ 1.0 a) (/ -1.0 b)) (- b a)) (+ a b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return (0.5 * ((double) M_PI)) * ((((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a)) / (a + b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return (0.5 * Math.PI) * ((((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a)) / (a + b));
}
def code(a, b):
	return (0.5 * math.pi) * ((((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a)) / (a + b))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(0.5 * pi) * Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) + Float64(-1.0 / b)) / Float64(b - a)) / Float64(a + b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = (0.5 * pi) * ((((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a)) / (a + b));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(0.5 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}}{a + b}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 80.0%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. un-div-inv80.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. difference-of-squares90.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    3. associate-/r*91.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    4. div-inv91.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    5. metadata-eval91.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  4. Applied egg-rr91.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
    2. associate-/l*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    2. associate-*r/99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    3. *-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \pi}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    4. +-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{\color{blue}{a + b}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    5. sub-neg99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
    6. distribute-neg-frac99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
    7. metadata-eval99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
  8. Simplified99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}}{a + b}} \]
  10. Applied egg-rr99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}}{a + b}} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}}{a + b}} \]
  12. Simplified99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}}{a + b}} \]
  13. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 75.5% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -5.6 \cdot 10^{-67}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}{b - a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= a -5.6e-67)
   (/ (* -0.5 (/ PI (* a b))) (- b a))
   (* 0.5 (/ PI (* (- b a) (* a b))))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -5.6e-67) {
		tmp = (-0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / (a * b))) / (b - a);
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / ((b - a) * (a * b)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -5.6e-67) {
		tmp = (-0.5 * (Math.PI / (a * b))) / (b - a);
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * (Math.PI / ((b - a) * (a * b)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if a <= -5.6e-67:
		tmp = (-0.5 * (math.pi / (a * b))) / (b - a)
	else:
		tmp = 0.5 * (math.pi / ((b - a) * (a * b)))
	return tmp
function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -5.6e-67)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(pi / Float64(a * b))) / Float64(b - a));
	else
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / Float64(Float64(b - a) * Float64(a * b))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (a <= -5.6e-67)
		tmp = (-0.5 * (pi / (a * b))) / (b - a);
	else
		tmp = 0.5 * (pi / ((b - a) * (a * b)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -5.6e-67], N[(N[(-0.5 * N[(Pi / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / N[(N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -5.6 \cdot 10^{-67}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}{b - a}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -5.60000000000000021e-67

    1. Initial program 80.2%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. un-div-inv80.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. difference-of-squares90.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. associate-/r*92.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      4. div-inv92.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      5. metadata-eval92.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    4. Applied egg-rr92.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
      2. associate-/l*99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in b around 0 93.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}}{b - a} \]

    if -5.60000000000000021e-67 < a

    1. Initial program 79.8%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l*79.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-rgt-identity79.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 1}}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      3. associate-/l*79.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      4. metadata-eval79.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      5. associate-*l/80.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
      6. *-lft-identity80.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      7. sub-neg80.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac80.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      9. metadata-eval80.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified80.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. metadata-eval80.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      2. div-inv80.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      3. associate-*r/79.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
      4. *-commutative79.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      5. difference-of-squares89.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
      6. associate-/r*99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr69.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)}{b + a}}{b - a}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in a around 0 69.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}}{b - a} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*69.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}{b - a}} \]
    9. Applied egg-rr69.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}{b - a}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l/68.7%

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
    11. Simplified68.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 72.7% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -4.8 \cdot 10^{-69}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{b} \cdot \frac{\frac{-0.5}{a}}{b - a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= a -4.8e-69)
   (* (/ PI b) (/ (/ -0.5 a) (- b a)))
   (* 0.5 (/ PI (* (- b a) (* a b))))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -4.8e-69) {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) / b) * ((-0.5 / a) / (b - a));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / ((b - a) * (a * b)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -4.8e-69) {
		tmp = (Math.PI / b) * ((-0.5 / a) / (b - a));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * (Math.PI / ((b - a) * (a * b)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if a <= -4.8e-69:
		tmp = (math.pi / b) * ((-0.5 / a) / (b - a))
	else:
		tmp = 0.5 * (math.pi / ((b - a) * (a * b)))
	return tmp
function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -4.8e-69)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi / b) * Float64(Float64(-0.5 / a) / Float64(b - a)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / Float64(Float64(b - a) * Float64(a * b))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (a <= -4.8e-69)
		tmp = (pi / b) * ((-0.5 / a) / (b - a));
	else
		tmp = 0.5 * (pi / ((b - a) * (a * b)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -4.8e-69], N[(N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / N[(N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -4.8 \cdot 10^{-69}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{b} \cdot \frac{\frac{-0.5}{a}}{b - a}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -4.8000000000000002e-69

    1. Initial program 80.2%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. un-div-inv80.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. difference-of-squares90.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. associate-/r*92.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      4. div-inv92.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      5. metadata-eval92.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    4. Applied egg-rr92.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
      2. associate-/l*99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in b around 0 93.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}}{b - a} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/93.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-0.5 \cdot \pi}{a \cdot b}}}{b - a} \]
      2. *-commutative93.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot -0.5}}{a \cdot b}}{b - a} \]
      3. *-commutative93.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot -0.5}{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}}}{b - a} \]
      4. times-frac93.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b} \cdot \frac{-0.5}{a}}}{b - a} \]
    9. Simplified93.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b} \cdot \frac{-0.5}{a}}}{b - a} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*86.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b} \cdot \frac{\frac{-0.5}{a}}{b - a}} \]
    11. Applied egg-rr86.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b} \cdot \frac{\frac{-0.5}{a}}{b - a}} \]

    if -4.8000000000000002e-69 < a

    1. Initial program 79.8%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l*79.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-rgt-identity79.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 1}}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      3. associate-/l*79.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      4. metadata-eval79.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      5. associate-*l/80.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
      6. *-lft-identity80.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      7. sub-neg80.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac80.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      9. metadata-eval80.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified80.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. metadata-eval80.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      2. div-inv80.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      3. associate-*r/79.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
      4. *-commutative79.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      5. difference-of-squares89.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
      6. associate-/r*99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr69.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)}{b + a}}{b - a}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in a around 0 69.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}}{b - a} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*69.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}{b - a}} \]
    9. Applied egg-rr69.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}{b - a}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l/68.7%

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
    11. Simplified68.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 99.6% accurate, 1.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (/ (* 0.5 PI) (+ a b)) (/ 1.0 (* a b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((0.5 * ((double) M_PI)) / (a + b)) * (1.0 / (a * b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((0.5 * Math.PI) / (a + b)) * (1.0 / (a * b));
}
def code(a, b):
	return ((0.5 * math.pi) / (a + b)) * (1.0 / (a * b))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(0.5 * pi) / Float64(a + b)) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(a * b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((0.5 * pi) / (a + b)) * (1.0 / (a * b));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(0.5 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 80.0%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. un-div-inv80.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. difference-of-squares90.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    3. associate-/r*91.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    4. div-inv91.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    5. metadata-eval91.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  4. Applied egg-rr91.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
    2. associate-/l*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    2. associate-*r/99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    3. *-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \pi}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    4. +-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{\color{blue}{a + b}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    5. sub-neg99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
    6. distribute-neg-frac99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
    7. metadata-eval99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
  8. Simplified99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 99.6% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (/ (* PI (/ 0.5 (+ a b))) (* a b)))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return (((double) M_PI) * (0.5 / (a + b))) / (a * b);
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return (Math.PI * (0.5 / (a + b))) / (a * b);
}
def code(a, b):
	return (math.pi * (0.5 / (a + b))) / (a * b)
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(pi * Float64(0.5 / Float64(a + b))) / Float64(a * b))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = (pi * (0.5 / (a + b))) / (a * b);
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(Pi * N[(0.5 / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 80.0%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. un-div-inv80.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. difference-of-squares90.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    3. associate-/r*91.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    4. div-inv91.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    5. metadata-eval91.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  4. Applied egg-rr91.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
    2. associate-/l*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    2. associate-*r/99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    3. *-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \pi}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    4. +-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{\color{blue}{a + b}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    5. sub-neg99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
    6. distribute-neg-frac99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
    7. metadata-eval99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
  8. Simplified99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. un-div-inv99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
    2. *-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 0.5}}{a + b}}{a \cdot b} \]
    3. +-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{\color{blue}{b + a}}}{a \cdot b} \]
    4. associate-/l*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}}}{a \cdot b} \]
    5. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{a + b}}}{a \cdot b} \]
  11. Applied egg-rr99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
  12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 99.1% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (/ (* 0.5 PI) (* (+ a b) (* a b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return (0.5 * ((double) M_PI)) / ((a + b) * (a * b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return (0.5 * Math.PI) / ((a + b) * (a * b));
}
def code(a, b):
	return (0.5 * math.pi) / ((a + b) * (a * b))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(0.5 * pi) / Float64(Float64(a + b) * Float64(a * b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = (0.5 * pi) / ((a + b) * (a * b));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(0.5 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 80.0%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. un-div-inv80.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. difference-of-squares90.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    3. associate-/r*91.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    4. div-inv91.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    5. metadata-eval91.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  4. Applied egg-rr91.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
    2. associate-/l*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    2. associate-*r/99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    3. *-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \pi}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    4. +-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{\color{blue}{a + b}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    5. sub-neg99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
    6. distribute-neg-frac99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
    7. metadata-eval99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
  8. Simplified99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b}} \]
    2. frac-times99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right)}{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a + b\right)}} \]
    3. *-un-lft-identity99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \pi}}{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \]
  11. Applied egg-rr99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a + b\right)}} \]
  12. Final simplification99.2%

    \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \]
  13. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 66.1% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* 0.5 (/ PI (* (- b a) (* a b)))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return 0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / ((b - a) * (a * b)));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return 0.5 * (Math.PI / ((b - a) * (a * b)));
}
def code(a, b):
	return 0.5 * (math.pi / ((b - a) * (a * b)))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / Float64(Float64(b - a) * Float64(a * b))))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.5 * (pi / ((b - a) * (a * b)));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / N[(N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 80.0%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l*80.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
    2. *-rgt-identity80.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 1}}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
    3. associate-/l*80.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
    4. metadata-eval80.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
    5. associate-*l/80.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    6. *-lft-identity80.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    7. sub-neg80.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    8. distribute-neg-frac80.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    9. metadata-eval80.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
  3. Simplified80.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. metadata-eval80.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    2. div-inv80.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    3. associate-*r/80.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    4. *-commutative80.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    5. difference-of-squares90.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
    6. associate-/r*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr65.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)}{b + a}}{b - a}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in a around 0 65.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}}{b - a} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*65.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}{b - a}} \]
  9. Applied egg-rr65.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}{b - a}} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l/65.3%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
  11. Simplified65.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
  12. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024177 
(FPCore (a b)
  :name "NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, B"
  :precision binary64
  (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))