
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 10 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log1p
(+
(/
1.0
(+ (/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s))))) (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-2.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * log1pf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -2.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log1p(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-2.0)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -2\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.0%
add-exp-log99.0%
Applied egg-rr99.0%
log1p-expm1-u99.0%
expm1-undefine99.0%
Applied egg-rr99.1%
associate--l+99.1%
metadata-eval99.1%
Simplified99.1%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+ (/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s))))) (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / -s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.0%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
-1.0
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s)))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (/ PI s))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + (1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log((single(-1.0) + (single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / -s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + (single(1.0) + (single(pi) / s)))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + \left(1 + \frac{\pi}{s}\right)}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 86.1%
Final simplification86.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (+ (- (log s) (log PI)) (* 0.25 (/ s (+ (* PI -0.25) (* 0.5 (* u PI))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * ((logf(s) - logf(((float) M_PI))) + (0.25f * (s / ((((float) M_PI) * -0.25f) + (0.5f * (u * ((float) M_PI)))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(log(s) - log(Float32(pi))) + Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(s / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(-0.25)) + Float32(Float32(0.5) * Float32(u * Float32(pi)))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * ((log(s) - log(single(pi))) + (single(0.25) * (s / ((single(pi) * single(-0.25)) + (single(0.5) * (u * single(pi))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\left(\log s - \log \pi\right) + 0.25 \cdot \frac{s}{\pi \cdot -0.25 + 0.5 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right)}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.8%
+-commutative24.8%
fma-define24.8%
associate--r+24.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.8%
distribute-rgt-out--24.8%
*-commutative24.8%
metadata-eval24.8%
metadata-eval24.8%
*-commutative24.8%
Simplified24.8%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.0%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.2%
Final simplification25.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* 2.0 (* u (/ PI (+ 1.0 (/ PI s))))) (* s (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (2.0f * (u * (((float) M_PI) / (1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s))))) - (s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(u * Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))) - Float32(s * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
2 \cdot \left(u \cdot \frac{\pi}{1 + \frac{\pi}{s}}\right) - s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.8%
+-commutative24.8%
fma-define24.8%
associate--r+24.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.8%
distribute-rgt-out--24.8%
*-commutative24.8%
metadata-eval24.8%
metadata-eval24.8%
*-commutative24.8%
Simplified24.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.0%
+-commutative25.0%
mul-1-neg25.0%
unsub-neg25.0%
associate-/l*25.0%
log1p-define25.0%
Simplified25.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log1p (/ PI s))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.8%
+-commutative24.8%
fma-define24.8%
associate--r+24.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.8%
distribute-rgt-out--24.8%
*-commutative24.8%
metadata-eval24.8%
metadata-eval24.8%
*-commutative24.8%
Simplified24.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.0%
associate-*r*25.0%
neg-mul-125.0%
log1p-define25.0%
Simplified25.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (+ -1.0 (- 1.0 s)) (* 4.0 (/ (+ (* PI (+ 0.25 (* u -0.25))) (* PI (* u -0.25))) s))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (-1.0f + (1.0f - s)) * (4.0f * (((((float) M_PI) * (0.25f + (u * -0.25f))) + (((float) M_PI) * (u * -0.25f))) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) - s)) * Float32(Float32(4.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(0.25) + Float32(u * Float32(-0.25)))) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(u * Float32(-0.25)))) / s))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (single(-1.0) + (single(1.0) - s)) * (single(4.0) * (((single(pi) * (single(0.25) + (u * single(-0.25)))) + (single(pi) * (u * single(-0.25)))) / s)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-1 + \left(1 - s\right)\right) \cdot \left(4 \cdot \frac{\pi \cdot \left(0.25 + u \cdot -0.25\right) + \pi \cdot \left(u \cdot -0.25\right)}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.8%
associate--r+11.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.8%
metadata-eval11.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.8%
associate-*r*11.8%
distribute-rgt-out11.8%
metadata-eval11.8%
associate-*r*11.8%
Simplified11.8%
add-sqr-sqrt11.8%
distribute-rgt-neg-in11.8%
Applied egg-rr11.8%
distribute-rgt-neg-out11.8%
add-sqr-sqrt11.8%
expm1-log1p-u11.8%
expm1-undefine13.2%
Applied egg-rr13.2%
sub-neg13.2%
log1p-undefine13.2%
rem-exp-log13.2%
unsub-neg13.2%
metadata-eval13.2%
Simplified13.2%
Final simplification13.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* PI (* u 2.0)) PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (((float) M_PI) * (u * 2.0f)) - ((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(u * Float32(2.0))) - Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (single(pi) * (u * single(2.0))) - single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\pi \cdot \left(u \cdot 2\right) - \pi
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.9%
associate--r+11.9%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.9%
metadata-eval11.9%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.9%
associate-*r*11.9%
distribute-rgt-out11.9%
metadata-eval11.9%
associate-*r*11.9%
Simplified11.9%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.9%
neg-mul-111.9%
+-commutative11.9%
unsub-neg11.9%
associate-*r*11.9%
Simplified11.9%
Final simplification11.9%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.7%
neg-mul-111.7%
Simplified11.7%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 0.0)
float code(float u, float s) {
return 0.0f;
}
real(4) function code(u, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: u
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = 0.0e0
end function
function code(u, s) return Float32(0.0) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(0.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.3%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.3%
herbie shell --seed 2024172
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))