Midpoint on a great circle

Percentage Accurate: 98.6% → 98.6%
Time: 16.9s
Alternatives: 16
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (cos phi2) (sin (- lambda1 lambda2)))
   (+ (cos phi1) (* (cos phi2) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)))))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    code = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi2) * Math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (Math.cos(phi1) + (Math.cos(phi2) * Math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))));
}
def code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.cos(phi2) * math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (math.cos(phi1) + (math.cos(phi2) * math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))))
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi2) * sin(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))), Float64(cos(phi1) + Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))));
end
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 16 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 98.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (cos phi2) (sin (- lambda1 lambda2)))
   (+ (cos phi1) (* (cos phi2) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)))))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    code = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi2) * Math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (Math.cos(phi1) + (Math.cos(phi2) * Math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))));
}
def code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.cos(phi2) * math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (math.cos(phi1) + (math.cos(phi2) * math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))))
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi2) * sin(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))), Float64(cos(phi1) + Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))));
end
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 98.6% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\frac{{\cos \phi_1}^{3} + {t\_0}^{3}}{{t\_0}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right)\right)}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (cos phi2) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)))))
   (+
    lambda1
    (atan2
     (* (cos phi2) (sin (- lambda1 lambda2)))
     (/
      (+ (pow (cos phi1) 3.0) (pow t_0 3.0))
      (+
       (pow t_0 2.0)
       (*
        (cos phi1)
        (-
         (cos phi1)
         (*
          (cos phi2)
          (+
           (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))
           (* (cos lambda2) (cos lambda1))))))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2));
	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), ((pow(cos(phi1), 3.0) + pow(t_0, 3.0)) / (pow(t_0, 2.0) + (cos(phi1) * (cos(phi1) - (cos(phi2) * ((sin(lambda1) * sin(lambda2)) + (cos(lambda2) * cos(lambda1)))))))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2))
    code = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (((cos(phi1) ** 3.0d0) + (t_0 ** 3.0d0)) / ((t_0 ** 2.0d0) + (cos(phi1) * (cos(phi1) - (cos(phi2) * ((sin(lambda1) * sin(lambda2)) + (cos(lambda2) * cos(lambda1)))))))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos(phi2) * Math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2));
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi2) * Math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), ((Math.pow(Math.cos(phi1), 3.0) + Math.pow(t_0, 3.0)) / (Math.pow(t_0, 2.0) + (Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.cos(phi1) - (Math.cos(phi2) * ((Math.sin(lambda1) * Math.sin(lambda2)) + (Math.cos(lambda2) * Math.cos(lambda1)))))))));
}
def code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = math.cos(phi2) * math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2))
	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.cos(phi2) * math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), ((math.pow(math.cos(phi1), 3.0) + math.pow(t_0, 3.0)) / (math.pow(t_0, 2.0) + (math.cos(phi1) * (math.cos(phi1) - (math.cos(phi2) * ((math.sin(lambda1) * math.sin(lambda2)) + (math.cos(lambda2) * math.cos(lambda1)))))))))
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)))
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi2) * sin(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))), Float64(Float64((cos(phi1) ^ 3.0) + (t_0 ^ 3.0)) / Float64((t_0 ^ 2.0) + Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(cos(phi1) - Float64(cos(phi2) * Float64(Float64(sin(lambda1) * sin(lambda2)) + Float64(cos(lambda2) * cos(lambda1))))))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2));
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (((cos(phi1) ^ 3.0) + (t_0 ^ 3.0)) / ((t_0 ^ 2.0) + (cos(phi1) * (cos(phi1) - (cos(phi2) * ((sin(lambda1) * sin(lambda2)) + (cos(lambda2) * cos(lambda1)))))))));
end
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Power[N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 3.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[t$95$0, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[t$95$0, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Sin[lambda1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[lambda2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[lambda2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[lambda1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\frac{{\cos \phi_1}^{3} + {t\_0}^{3}}{{t\_0}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right)\right)}}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.3%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutative98.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) + \cos \phi_1}} \]
    2. flip3-+98.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{3} + {\cos \phi_1}^{3}}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}} \]
    3. pow398.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)} + {\cos \phi_1}^{3}}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}} \]
    4. pow398.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\frac{\left(\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}} \]
    5. +-commutative98.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}} \]
    6. pow398.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\frac{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{3}} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}} \]
    7. pow398.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\frac{{\cos \phi_1}^{3} + \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{3}}}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}} \]
    8. pow298.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\frac{{\cos \phi_1}^{3} + {\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{3}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}} \]
  4. Applied egg-rr98.3%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{{\cos \phi_1}^{3} + {\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + \left({\cos \phi_1}^{2} - \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow298.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\frac{{\cos \phi_1}^{3} + {\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} - \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}} \]
    2. associate-*l*98.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\frac{{\cos \phi_1}^{3} + {\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right)}} \]
    3. distribute-lft-out--98.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\frac{{\cos \phi_1}^{3} + {\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}} \]
  6. Simplified98.3%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{{\cos \phi_1}^{3} + {\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. cos-diff98.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\frac{{\cos \phi_1}^{3} + {\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}\right)}} \]
    2. +-commutative98.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\frac{{\cos \phi_1}^{3} + {\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)}\right)}} \]
    3. *-commutative98.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\frac{{\cos \phi_1}^{3} + {\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2 + \color{blue}{\cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1}\right)\right)}} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr98.4%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\frac{{\cos \phi_1}^{3} + {\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right)}\right)}} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 88.5% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ t_1 := \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ t_2 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot t\_1\\ \mathbf{if}\;\cos \phi_1 \leq -0.35:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos \phi_1 + t\_0}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\cos \phi_1 \leq 0.997:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_2}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_2}{t\_0 + 1}}{\lambda_1}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (cos phi2) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))
        (t_1 (sin (- lambda1 lambda2)))
        (t_2 (* (cos phi2) t_1)))
   (if (<= (cos phi1) -0.35)
     (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 (+ (cos phi1) t_0)))
     (if (<= (cos phi1) 0.997)
       (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_2 (+ (cos phi1) (* (cos phi2) (cos lambda1)))))
       (* lambda1 (+ 1.0 (/ (atan2 t_2 (+ t_0 1.0)) lambda1)))))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2));
	double t_1 = sin((lambda1 - lambda2));
	double t_2 = cos(phi2) * t_1;
	double tmp;
	if (cos(phi1) <= -0.35) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, (cos(phi1) + t_0));
	} else if (cos(phi1) <= 0.997) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_2, (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos(lambda1))));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 * (1.0 + (atan2(t_2, (t_0 + 1.0)) / lambda1));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: t_2
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2))
    t_1 = sin((lambda1 - lambda2))
    t_2 = cos(phi2) * t_1
    if (cos(phi1) <= (-0.35d0)) then
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, (cos(phi1) + t_0))
    else if (cos(phi1) <= 0.997d0) then
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_2, (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos(lambda1))))
    else
        tmp = lambda1 * (1.0d0 + (atan2(t_2, (t_0 + 1.0d0)) / lambda1))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos(phi2) * Math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2));
	double t_1 = Math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2));
	double t_2 = Math.cos(phi2) * t_1;
	double tmp;
	if (Math.cos(phi1) <= -0.35) {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2(t_1, (Math.cos(phi1) + t_0));
	} else if (Math.cos(phi1) <= 0.997) {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2(t_2, (Math.cos(phi1) + (Math.cos(phi2) * Math.cos(lambda1))));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 * (1.0 + (Math.atan2(t_2, (t_0 + 1.0)) / lambda1));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = math.cos(phi2) * math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2))
	t_1 = math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2))
	t_2 = math.cos(phi2) * t_1
	tmp = 0
	if math.cos(phi1) <= -0.35:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2(t_1, (math.cos(phi1) + t_0))
	elif math.cos(phi1) <= 0.997:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2(t_2, (math.cos(phi1) + (math.cos(phi2) * math.cos(lambda1))))
	else:
		tmp = lambda1 * (1.0 + (math.atan2(t_2, (t_0 + 1.0)) / lambda1))
	return tmp
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)))
	t_1 = sin(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))
	t_2 = Float64(cos(phi2) * t_1)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (cos(phi1) <= -0.35)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, Float64(cos(phi1) + t_0)));
	elseif (cos(phi1) <= 0.997)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_2, Float64(cos(phi1) + Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(lambda1)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 * Float64(1.0 + Float64(atan(t_2, Float64(t_0 + 1.0)) / lambda1)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2));
	t_1 = sin((lambda1 - lambda2));
	t_2 = cos(phi2) * t_1;
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (cos(phi1) <= -0.35)
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, (cos(phi1) + t_0));
	elseif (cos(phi1) <= 0.997)
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_2, (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos(lambda1))));
	else
		tmp = lambda1 * (1.0 + (atan2(t_2, (t_0 + 1.0)) / lambda1));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision], -0.35], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 0.997], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$2 / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[lambda1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 * N[(1.0 + N[(N[ArcTan[t$95$2 / N[(t$95$0 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / lambda1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\
t_1 := \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\
t_2 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot t\_1\\
\mathbf{if}\;\cos \phi_1 \leq -0.35:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos \phi_1 + t\_0}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;\cos \phi_1 \leq 0.997:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_2}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_2}{t\_0 + 1}}{\lambda_1}\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (cos.f64 phi1) < -0.34999999999999998

    1. Initial program 97.4%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 78.5%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]

    if -0.34999999999999998 < (cos.f64 phi1) < 0.996999999999999997

    1. Initial program 98.9%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in lambda2 around 0 81.9%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative81.9%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2 + \cos \phi_1}} \]
      2. *-commutative81.9%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1} + \cos \phi_1} \]
    5. Simplified81.9%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1 + \cos \phi_1}} \]

    if 0.996999999999999997 < (cos.f64 phi1)

    1. Initial program 98.5%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative98.5%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) + \cos \phi_1}} \]
      2. fma-define98.6%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right), \cos \phi_1\right)}} \]
    3. Simplified98.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right), \cos \phi_1\right)}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0 97.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}}}{\lambda_1}\right) \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification88.4%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\cos \phi_1 \leq -0.35:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\cos \phi_1 \leq 0.997:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) + 1}}{\lambda_1}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.6% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right), \cos \phi_1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (cos phi2) (sin (- lambda1 lambda2)))
   (fma (cos phi2) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (cos phi1)))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), fma(cos(phi2), cos((lambda1 - lambda2)), cos(phi1)));
}
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi2) * sin(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))), fma(cos(phi2), cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)), cos(phi1))))
end
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right), \cos \phi_1\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.3%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutative98.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) + \cos \phi_1}} \]
    2. fma-define98.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right), \cos \phi_1\right)}} \]
  3. Simplified98.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right), \cos \phi_1\right)}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 81.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\cos \phi_2 \leq 0.542:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}{t\_0}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{t\_0}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (+ (cos phi1) (* (cos phi2) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))))
   (if (<= (cos phi2) 0.542)
     (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* lambda1 (cos phi2)) t_0))
     (+ lambda1 (atan2 (sin (- lambda1 lambda2)) t_0)))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)));
	double tmp;
	if (cos(phi2) <= 0.542) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((lambda1 * cos(phi2)), t_0);
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), t_0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))
    if (cos(phi2) <= 0.542d0) then
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2((lambda1 * cos(phi2)), t_0)
    else
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), t_0)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos(phi1) + (Math.cos(phi2) * Math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2)));
	double tmp;
	if (Math.cos(phi2) <= 0.542) {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((lambda1 * Math.cos(phi2)), t_0);
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2(Math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), t_0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = math.cos(phi1) + (math.cos(phi2) * math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))
	tmp = 0
	if math.cos(phi2) <= 0.542:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((lambda1 * math.cos(phi2)), t_0)
	else:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2(math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), t_0)
	return tmp
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64(cos(phi1) + Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (cos(phi2) <= 0.542)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(lambda1 * cos(phi2)), t_0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(sin(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)), t_0));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (cos(phi2) <= 0.542)
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((lambda1 * cos(phi2)), t_0);
	else
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), t_0);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision], 0.542], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(lambda1 * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[Sin[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;\cos \phi_2 \leq 0.542:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}{t\_0}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{t\_0}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (cos.f64 phi2) < 0.54200000000000004

    1. Initial program 97.9%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around 0 97.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(-\lambda_2\right) + \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative97.4%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right) + \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
      2. sin-neg97.4%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)}\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
      3. unsub-neg97.4%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right) - \sin \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
      4. cos-neg97.4%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \lambda_2} - \sin \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    5. Simplified97.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \sin \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in lambda2 around 0 55.6%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\lambda_1}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]

    if 0.54200000000000004 < (cos.f64 phi2)

    1. Initial program 98.6%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 88.9%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification78.2%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\cos \phi_2 \leq 0.542:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 81.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\cos \phi_2 \leq 0.542:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (cos phi2) 0.542)
   (+
    lambda1
    (atan2 (* lambda1 (cos phi2)) (+ (cos phi1) (* (cos phi2) (cos lambda1)))))
   (+
    lambda1
    (atan2
     (sin (- lambda1 lambda2))
     (+ (cos phi1) (* (cos phi2) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (cos(phi2) <= 0.542) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((lambda1 * cos(phi2)), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos(lambda1))));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (cos(phi2) <= 0.542d0) then
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2((lambda1 * cos(phi2)), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos(lambda1))))
    else
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (Math.cos(phi2) <= 0.542) {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((lambda1 * Math.cos(phi2)), (Math.cos(phi1) + (Math.cos(phi2) * Math.cos(lambda1))));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2(Math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (Math.cos(phi1) + (Math.cos(phi2) * Math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	tmp = 0
	if math.cos(phi2) <= 0.542:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((lambda1 * math.cos(phi2)), (math.cos(phi1) + (math.cos(phi2) * math.cos(lambda1))))
	else:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2(math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (math.cos(phi1) + (math.cos(phi2) * math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))))
	return tmp
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (cos(phi2) <= 0.542)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(lambda1 * cos(phi2)), Float64(cos(phi1) + Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(lambda1)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(sin(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)), Float64(cos(phi1) + Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (cos(phi2) <= 0.542)
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((lambda1 * cos(phi2)), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos(lambda1))));
	else
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := If[LessEqual[N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision], 0.542], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(lambda1 * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[lambda1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[Sin[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\cos \phi_2 \leq 0.542:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (cos.f64 phi2) < 0.54200000000000004

    1. Initial program 97.9%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around 0 97.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(-\lambda_2\right) + \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative97.4%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right) + \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
      2. sin-neg97.4%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)}\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
      3. unsub-neg97.4%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right) - \sin \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
      4. cos-neg97.4%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \lambda_2} - \sin \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    5. Simplified97.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \sin \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in lambda2 around 0 55.6%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\lambda_1}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in lambda2 around 0 55.6%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \lambda_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative70.4%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2 + \cos \phi_1}} \]
      2. *-commutative70.4%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1} + \cos \phi_1} \]
    9. Simplified55.6%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \lambda_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1 + \cos \phi_1}} \]

    if 0.54200000000000004 < (cos.f64 phi2)

    1. Initial program 98.6%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 88.9%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification78.2%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\cos \phi_2 \leq 0.542:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 81.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\cos \phi_2 \leq 0.66:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (cos phi2) 0.66)
   (+
    lambda1
    (atan2 (* lambda1 (cos phi2)) (+ (cos phi1) (* (cos phi2) (cos lambda1)))))
   (+
    lambda1
    (atan2
     (sin (- lambda1 lambda2))
     (+ (cos phi1) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)))))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (cos(phi2) <= 0.66) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((lambda1 * cos(phi2)), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos(lambda1))));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos(phi1) + cos((lambda1 - lambda2))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (cos(phi2) <= 0.66d0) then
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2((lambda1 * cos(phi2)), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos(lambda1))))
    else
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos(phi1) + cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (Math.cos(phi2) <= 0.66) {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((lambda1 * Math.cos(phi2)), (Math.cos(phi1) + (Math.cos(phi2) * Math.cos(lambda1))));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2(Math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (Math.cos(phi1) + Math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	tmp = 0
	if math.cos(phi2) <= 0.66:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((lambda1 * math.cos(phi2)), (math.cos(phi1) + (math.cos(phi2) * math.cos(lambda1))))
	else:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2(math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (math.cos(phi1) + math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))
	return tmp
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (cos(phi2) <= 0.66)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(lambda1 * cos(phi2)), Float64(cos(phi1) + Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(lambda1)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(sin(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)), Float64(cos(phi1) + cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (cos(phi2) <= 0.66)
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((lambda1 * cos(phi2)), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos(lambda1))));
	else
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos(phi1) + cos((lambda1 - lambda2))));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := If[LessEqual[N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision], 0.66], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(lambda1 * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[lambda1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[Sin[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\cos \phi_2 \leq 0.66:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (cos.f64 phi2) < 0.660000000000000031

    1. Initial program 98.1%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around 0 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(-\lambda_2\right) + \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative97.6%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right) + \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
      2. sin-neg97.6%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)}\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
      3. unsub-neg97.6%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right) - \sin \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
      4. cos-neg97.6%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \lambda_2} - \sin \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    5. Simplified97.6%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \sin \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in lambda2 around 0 55.2%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\lambda_1}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in lambda2 around 0 55.2%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \lambda_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative71.9%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2 + \cos \phi_1}} \]
      2. *-commutative71.9%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1} + \cos \phi_1} \]
    9. Simplified55.2%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \lambda_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1 + \cos \phi_1}} \]

    if 0.660000000000000031 < (cos.f64 phi2)

    1. Initial program 98.5%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 90.6%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 90.7%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \color{blue}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification77.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\cos \phi_2 \leq 0.66:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 98.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (cos phi2) (sin (- lambda1 lambda2)))
   (+ (cos phi1) (* (cos phi2) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)))))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    code = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi2) * Math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (Math.cos(phi1) + (Math.cos(phi2) * Math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))));
}
def code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.cos(phi2) * math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (math.cos(phi1) + (math.cos(phi2) * math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))))
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi2) * sin(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))), Float64(cos(phi1) + Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))));
end
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.3%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 98.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_2} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (cos phi2) (sin (- lambda1 lambda2)))
   (+ (cos phi1) (* (cos phi2) (cos lambda2))))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos(lambda2))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    code = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos(lambda2))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi2) * Math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (Math.cos(phi1) + (Math.cos(phi2) * Math.cos(lambda2))));
}
def code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.cos(phi2) * math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (math.cos(phi1) + (math.cos(phi2) * math.cos(lambda2))))
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi2) * sin(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))), Float64(cos(phi1) + Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(lambda2)))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * sin((lambda1 - lambda2))), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos(lambda2))));
end
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[lambda2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_2}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.3%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around 0 96.9%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutative96.9%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right) + \cos \phi_1}} \]
    2. cos-neg96.9%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \lambda_2} + \cos \phi_1} \]
  5. Simplified96.9%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \cos \phi_1}} \]
  6. Final simplification96.9%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_2} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 83.3% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ t_1 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq 0.0019:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot t\_0}{t\_1 + 1}}{\lambda_1}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_0}{\cos \phi_1 + t\_1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sin (- lambda1 lambda2)))
        (t_1 (* (cos phi2) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)))))
   (if (<= phi1 0.0019)
     (* lambda1 (+ 1.0 (/ (atan2 (* (cos phi2) t_0) (+ t_1 1.0)) lambda1)))
     (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_0 (+ (cos phi1) t_1))))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = sin((lambda1 - lambda2));
	double t_1 = cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2));
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= 0.0019) {
		tmp = lambda1 * (1.0 + (atan2((cos(phi2) * t_0), (t_1 + 1.0)) / lambda1));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_0, (cos(phi1) + t_1));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = sin((lambda1 - lambda2))
    t_1 = cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2))
    if (phi1 <= 0.0019d0) then
        tmp = lambda1 * (1.0d0 + (atan2((cos(phi2) * t_0), (t_1 + 1.0d0)) / lambda1))
    else
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_0, (cos(phi1) + t_1))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = Math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2));
	double t_1 = Math.cos(phi2) * Math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2));
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= 0.0019) {
		tmp = lambda1 * (1.0 + (Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi2) * t_0), (t_1 + 1.0)) / lambda1));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2(t_0, (Math.cos(phi1) + t_1));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2))
	t_1 = math.cos(phi2) * math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2))
	tmp = 0
	if phi1 <= 0.0019:
		tmp = lambda1 * (1.0 + (math.atan2((math.cos(phi2) * t_0), (t_1 + 1.0)) / lambda1))
	else:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2(t_0, (math.cos(phi1) + t_1))
	return tmp
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))
	t_1 = Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi1 <= 0.0019)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 * Float64(1.0 + Float64(atan(Float64(cos(phi2) * t_0), Float64(t_1 + 1.0)) / lambda1)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_0, Float64(cos(phi1) + t_1)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin((lambda1 - lambda2));
	t_1 = cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (phi1 <= 0.0019)
		tmp = lambda1 * (1.0 + (atan2((cos(phi2) * t_0), (t_1 + 1.0)) / lambda1));
	else
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_0, (cos(phi1) + t_1));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi1, 0.0019], N[(lambda1 * N[(1.0 + N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / lambda1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$0 / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\
t_1 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq 0.0019:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot t\_0}{t\_1 + 1}}{\lambda_1}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_0}{\cos \phi_1 + t\_1}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if phi1 < 0.0019

    1. Initial program 97.9%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative97.9%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) + \cos \phi_1}} \]
      2. fma-define98.0%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right), \cos \phi_1\right)}} \]
    3. Simplified98.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right), \cos \phi_1\right)}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf 97.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0 81.0%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}}}{\lambda_1}\right) \]

    if 0.0019 < phi1

    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 77.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification80.1%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq 0.0019:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) + 1}}{\lambda_1}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 83.3% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ t_1 := \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq 0.000102:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot t\_1}{t\_0 + 1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos \phi_1 + t\_0}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (cos phi2) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))
        (t_1 (sin (- lambda1 lambda2))))
   (if (<= phi1 0.000102)
     (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (cos phi2) t_1) (+ t_0 1.0)))
     (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 (+ (cos phi1) t_0))))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2));
	double t_1 = sin((lambda1 - lambda2));
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= 0.000102) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * t_1), (t_0 + 1.0));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, (cos(phi1) + t_0));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2))
    t_1 = sin((lambda1 - lambda2))
    if (phi1 <= 0.000102d0) then
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * t_1), (t_0 + 1.0d0))
    else
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, (cos(phi1) + t_0))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos(phi2) * Math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2));
	double t_1 = Math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2));
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= 0.000102) {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi2) * t_1), (t_0 + 1.0));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2(t_1, (Math.cos(phi1) + t_0));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = math.cos(phi2) * math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2))
	t_1 = math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2))
	tmp = 0
	if phi1 <= 0.000102:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.cos(phi2) * t_1), (t_0 + 1.0))
	else:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2(t_1, (math.cos(phi1) + t_0))
	return tmp
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)))
	t_1 = sin(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi1 <= 0.000102)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi2) * t_1), Float64(t_0 + 1.0)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, Float64(cos(phi1) + t_0)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = cos(phi2) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2));
	t_1 = sin((lambda1 - lambda2));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (phi1 <= 0.000102)
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * t_1), (t_0 + 1.0));
	else
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, (cos(phi1) + t_0));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi1, 0.000102], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$0 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\
t_1 := \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq 0.000102:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot t\_1}{t\_0 + 1}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos \phi_1 + t\_0}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if phi1 < 1.01999999999999999e-4

    1. Initial program 97.9%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0 81.0%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}} \]

    if 1.01999999999999999e-4 < phi1

    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 77.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification80.1%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq 0.000102:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) + 1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 78.1% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\cos \phi_2 \leq -0.024:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot t\_0 + 1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + t\_0}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))
   (if (<= (cos phi2) -0.024)
     (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* lambda1 (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos phi2) t_0) 1.0)))
     (+ lambda1 (atan2 (sin (- lambda1 lambda2)) (+ (cos phi1) t_0))))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = cos((lambda1 - lambda2));
	double tmp;
	if (cos(phi2) <= -0.024) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((lambda1 * cos(phi2)), ((cos(phi2) * t_0) + 1.0));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos(phi1) + t_0));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = cos((lambda1 - lambda2))
    if (cos(phi2) <= (-0.024d0)) then
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2((lambda1 * cos(phi2)), ((cos(phi2) * t_0) + 1.0d0))
    else
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos(phi1) + t_0))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2));
	double tmp;
	if (Math.cos(phi2) <= -0.024) {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((lambda1 * Math.cos(phi2)), ((Math.cos(phi2) * t_0) + 1.0));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2(Math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (Math.cos(phi1) + t_0));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2))
	tmp = 0
	if math.cos(phi2) <= -0.024:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((lambda1 * math.cos(phi2)), ((math.cos(phi2) * t_0) + 1.0))
	else:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2(math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (math.cos(phi1) + t_0))
	return tmp
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (cos(phi2) <= -0.024)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(lambda1 * cos(phi2)), Float64(Float64(cos(phi2) * t_0) + 1.0)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(sin(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)), Float64(cos(phi1) + t_0)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = cos((lambda1 - lambda2));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (cos(phi2) <= -0.024)
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((lambda1 * cos(phi2)), ((cos(phi2) * t_0) + 1.0));
	else
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos(phi1) + t_0));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision], -0.024], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(lambda1 * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[Sin[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;\cos \phi_2 \leq -0.024:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot t\_0 + 1}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + t\_0}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (cos.f64 phi2) < -0.024

    1. Initial program 97.3%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around 0 96.6%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(-\lambda_2\right) + \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative96.6%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right) + \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
      2. sin-neg96.6%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)}\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
      3. unsub-neg96.6%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right) - \sin \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
      4. cos-neg96.6%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \lambda_2} - \sin \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    5. Simplified96.6%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \sin \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in lambda2 around 0 55.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\lambda_1}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0 47.8%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \lambda_1}{\color{blue}{1} + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]

    if -0.024 < (cos.f64 phi2)

    1. Initial program 98.7%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 84.7%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 83.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \color{blue}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification74.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\cos \phi_2 \leq -0.024:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) + 1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 12: 70.7% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\cos \phi_1 \leq 0.9:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_0}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \lambda_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_0}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) + 1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sin (- lambda1 lambda2))))
   (if (<= (cos phi1) 0.9)
     (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_0 (+ (cos phi1) (cos lambda1))))
     (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_0 (+ (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) 1.0))))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = sin((lambda1 - lambda2));
	double tmp;
	if (cos(phi1) <= 0.9) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_0, (cos(phi1) + cos(lambda1)));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_0, (cos((lambda1 - lambda2)) + 1.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = sin((lambda1 - lambda2))
    if (cos(phi1) <= 0.9d0) then
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_0, (cos(phi1) + cos(lambda1)))
    else
        tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_0, (cos((lambda1 - lambda2)) + 1.0d0))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = Math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2));
	double tmp;
	if (Math.cos(phi1) <= 0.9) {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2(t_0, (Math.cos(phi1) + Math.cos(lambda1)));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2(t_0, (Math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2)) + 1.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2))
	tmp = 0
	if math.cos(phi1) <= 0.9:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2(t_0, (math.cos(phi1) + math.cos(lambda1)))
	else:
		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2(t_0, (math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2)) + 1.0))
	return tmp
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (cos(phi1) <= 0.9)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_0, Float64(cos(phi1) + cos(lambda1))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_0, Float64(cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)) + 1.0)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin((lambda1 - lambda2));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (cos(phi1) <= 0.9)
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_0, (cos(phi1) + cos(lambda1)));
	else
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_0, (cos((lambda1 - lambda2)) + 1.0));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 0.9], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$0 / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[Cos[lambda1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$0 / N[(N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;\cos \phi_1 \leq 0.9:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_0}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \lambda_1}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_0}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) + 1}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (cos.f64 phi1) < 0.900000000000000022

    1. Initial program 98.0%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 78.1%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 75.7%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \color{blue}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in lambda2 around 0 65.0%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \lambda_1 + \cos \phi_1}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative65.0%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \lambda_1}} \]
    7. Simplified65.0%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \lambda_1}} \]

    if 0.900000000000000022 < (cos.f64 phi1)

    1. Initial program 98.7%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 70.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 70.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \color{blue}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0 68.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{1 + \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative68.4%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) + 1}} \]
    7. Simplified68.4%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) + 1}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 13: 76.6% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2 (sin (- lambda1 lambda2)) (+ (cos phi1) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos(phi1) + cos((lambda1 - lambda2))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    code = lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos(phi1) + cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(Math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (Math.cos(phi1) + Math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2))));
}
def code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2(math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (math.cos(phi1) + math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(sin(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)), Float64(cos(phi1) + cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos(phi1) + cos((lambda1 - lambda2))));
end
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[Sin[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.3%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 73.9%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 72.9%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \color{blue}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 14: 76.3% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \lambda_2} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (+ lambda1 (atan2 (sin (- lambda1 lambda2)) (+ (cos phi1) (cos lambda2)))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos(phi1) + cos(lambda2)));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    code = lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos(phi1) + cos(lambda2)))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(Math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (Math.cos(phi1) + Math.cos(lambda2)));
}
def code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2(math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (math.cos(phi1) + math.cos(lambda2)))
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(sin(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)), Float64(cos(phi1) + cos(lambda2))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos(phi1) + cos(lambda2)));
end
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[Sin[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[Cos[lambda2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \lambda_2}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.3%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 73.9%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 72.9%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \color{blue}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around 0 71.9%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right)}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. cos-neg71.9%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \color{blue}{\cos \lambda_2}} \]
  7. Simplified71.9%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \lambda_2}} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 15: 66.7% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) + 1} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2 (sin (- lambda1 lambda2)) (+ (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) 1.0))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos((lambda1 - lambda2)) + 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    code = lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos((lambda1 - lambda2)) + 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(Math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (Math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2)) + 1.0));
}
def code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2(math.sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (math.cos((lambda1 - lambda2)) + 1.0))
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(sin(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)), Float64(cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)) + 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(sin((lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos((lambda1 - lambda2)) + 1.0));
end
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[Sin[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) + 1}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.3%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 73.9%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 72.9%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \color{blue}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0 61.8%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{1 + \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutative61.8%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) + 1}} \]
  7. Simplified61.8%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) + 1}} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 16: 52.4% accurate, 614.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2) :precision binary64 lambda1)
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1;
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    code = lambda1
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1;
}
def code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	return lambda1
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return lambda1
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = lambda1;
end
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := lambda1
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.3%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 73.9%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0 72.9%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \color{blue}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf 46.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024170 
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
  :name "Midpoint on a great circle"
  :precision binary64
  (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (cos phi2) (sin (- lambda1 lambda2))) (+ (cos phi1) (* (cos phi2) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)))))))