
(FPCore (x s) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s))) (t_1 (+ 1.0 t_0))) (/ t_0 (* (* s t_1) t_1))))
float code(float x, float s) {
float t_0 = expf((-fabsf(x) / s));
float t_1 = 1.0f + t_0;
return t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1);
}
real(4) function code(x, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
real(4), intent (in) :: s
real(4) :: t_0
real(4) :: t_1
t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s))
t_1 = 1.0e0 + t_0
code = t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1)
end function
function code(x, s) t_0 = exp(Float32(Float32(-abs(x)) / s)) t_1 = Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_0) return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(s * t_1) * t_1)) end
function tmp = code(x, s) t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s)); t_1 = single(1.0) + t_0; tmp = t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\
t_1 := 1 + t\_0\\
\frac{t\_0}{\left(s \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_1}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 7 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x s) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s))) (t_1 (+ 1.0 t_0))) (/ t_0 (* (* s t_1) t_1))))
float code(float x, float s) {
float t_0 = expf((-fabsf(x) / s));
float t_1 = 1.0f + t_0;
return t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1);
}
real(4) function code(x, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
real(4), intent (in) :: s
real(4) :: t_0
real(4) :: t_1
t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s))
t_1 = 1.0e0 + t_0
code = t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1)
end function
function code(x, s) t_0 = exp(Float32(Float32(-abs(x)) / s)) t_1 = Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_0) return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(s * t_1) * t_1)) end
function tmp = code(x, s) t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s)); t_1 = single(1.0) + t_0; tmp = t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\
t_1 := 1 + t\_0\\
\frac{t\_0}{\left(s \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_1}
\end{array}
\end{array}
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (/ (/ 1.0 (expm1 (log1p (* s (exp (/ x_m s)))))) (pow (+ 1.0 (exp (/ x_m (- s)))) 2.0)))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
return (1.0f / expm1f(log1pf((s * expf((x_m / s)))))) / powf((1.0f + expf((x_m / -s))), 2.0f);
}
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / expm1(log1p(Float32(s * exp(Float32(x_m / s)))))) / (Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(x_m / Float32(-s)))) ^ Float32(2.0))) end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\frac{\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(s \cdot e^{\frac{x\_m}{s}}\right)\right)}}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{x\_m}{-s}}\right)}^{2}}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
distribute-frac-neg99.7%
distribute-frac-neg299.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
*-commutative99.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.7%
associate-/r*99.8%
mul-1-neg99.8%
rec-exp99.8%
rem-square-sqrt42.4%
fabs-sqr42.4%
rem-square-sqrt57.9%
rec-exp57.9%
distribute-neg-frac257.9%
Simplified58.3%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod62.2%
sqr-neg62.2%
sqrt-unprod65.8%
add-sqr-sqrt65.8%
clear-num65.8%
inv-pow65.8%
div-inv65.8%
exp-neg65.8%
distribute-frac-neg265.8%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod53.4%
sqr-neg53.4%
sqrt-unprod58.3%
add-sqr-sqrt58.3%
Applied egg-rr58.3%
unpow-158.3%
Simplified58.3%
expm1-log1p-u58.3%
expm1-undefine40.7%
Applied egg-rr40.7%
expm1-define58.3%
Simplified58.3%
Final simplification58.3%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (if (<= (fabs x_m) 5.0) (/ (exp (+ (/ x_m s) (* -2.0 (log1p (exp (/ x_m s)))))) s) (/ (/ 0.0 s) s)))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
float tmp;
if (fabsf(x_m) <= 5.0f) {
tmp = expf(((x_m / s) + (-2.0f * log1pf(expf((x_m / s)))))) / s;
} else {
tmp = (0.0f / s) / s;
}
return tmp;
}
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (abs(x_m) <= Float32(5.0)) tmp = Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(x_m / s) + Float32(Float32(-2.0) * log1p(exp(Float32(x_m / s)))))) / s); else tmp = Float32(Float32(Float32(0.0) / s) / s); end return tmp end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\left|x\_m\right| \leq 5:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{e^{\frac{x\_m}{s} + -2 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{\frac{x\_m}{s}}\right)}}{s}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{0}{s}}{s}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (fabs.f32 x) < 5Initial program 99.4%
fabs-neg99.4%
distribute-frac-neg99.4%
distribute-frac-neg299.4%
fabs-neg99.4%
*-commutative99.4%
fabs-neg99.4%
+-commutative99.4%
fabs-neg99.4%
Simplified99.5%
Applied egg-rr82.5%
*-lft-identity82.5%
*-commutative82.5%
exp-to-pow82.6%
log1p-undefine82.6%
*-commutative82.6%
rem-exp-log78.8%
exp-sum78.6%
exp-diff95.5%
associate--r+95.7%
exp-diff95.9%
cancel-sign-sub-inv95.9%
metadata-eval95.9%
rem-exp-log99.6%
Simplified99.6%
if 5 < (fabs.f32 x) Initial program 100.0%
fabs-neg100.0%
distribute-frac-neg100.0%
distribute-frac-neg2100.0%
fabs-neg100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
fabs-neg100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
fabs-neg100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Applied egg-rr53.5%
associate-*l/53.5%
*-lft-identity53.5%
Simplified53.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 12.4%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 44.3%
cancel-sign-sub-inv44.3%
distribute-rgt-out--44.3%
metadata-eval44.3%
associate-*l/44.2%
metadata-eval44.2%
*-commutative44.2%
Simplified44.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 100.0%
distribute-rgt-out100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
mul0-rgt100.0%
Simplified100.0%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (/ (pow (+ 1.0 (exp (/ x_m (- s)))) -2.0) (* s (exp (/ x_m s)))))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
return powf((1.0f + expf((x_m / -s))), -2.0f) / (s * expf((x_m / s)));
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(4) function code(x_m, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x_m
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = ((1.0e0 + exp((x_m / -s))) ** (-2.0e0)) / (s * exp((x_m / s)))
end function
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) return Float32((Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(x_m / Float32(-s)))) ^ Float32(-2.0)) / Float32(s * exp(Float32(x_m / s)))) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m, s) tmp = ((single(1.0) + exp((x_m / -s))) ^ single(-2.0)) / (s * exp((x_m / s))); end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\frac{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{x\_m}{-s}}\right)}^{-2}}{s \cdot e^{\frac{x\_m}{s}}}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
distribute-frac-neg99.7%
distribute-frac-neg299.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
*-commutative99.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.7%
associate-/r*99.8%
mul-1-neg99.8%
rec-exp99.8%
rem-square-sqrt42.4%
fabs-sqr42.4%
rem-square-sqrt57.9%
rec-exp57.9%
distribute-neg-frac257.9%
Simplified58.3%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod62.2%
sqr-neg62.2%
sqrt-unprod65.8%
add-sqr-sqrt65.8%
clear-num65.8%
inv-pow65.8%
div-inv65.8%
exp-neg65.8%
distribute-frac-neg265.8%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod53.4%
sqr-neg53.4%
sqrt-unprod58.3%
add-sqr-sqrt58.3%
Applied egg-rr58.3%
unpow-158.3%
Simplified58.3%
expm1-log1p-u58.3%
expm1-undefine40.7%
Applied egg-rr40.7%
expm1-define58.3%
Simplified58.3%
*-un-lft-identity58.3%
div-inv58.3%
expm1-log1p-u58.3%
pow-flip58.3%
+-commutative58.3%
metadata-eval58.3%
Applied egg-rr58.3%
*-lft-identity58.3%
associate-*l/58.3%
*-lft-identity58.3%
Simplified58.3%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (/ (/ (exp (/ x_m (- s))) s) 4.0))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
return (expf((x_m / -s)) / s) / 4.0f;
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(4) function code(x_m, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x_m
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = (exp((x_m / -s)) / s) / 4.0e0
end function
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) return Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(x_m / Float32(-s))) / s) / Float32(4.0)) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m, s) tmp = (exp((x_m / -s)) / s) / single(4.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\frac{\frac{e^{\frac{x\_m}{-s}}}{s}}{4}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
distribute-frac-neg99.7%
distribute-frac-neg299.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
*-commutative99.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.7%
associate-/r*99.8%
mul-1-neg99.8%
rec-exp99.8%
rem-square-sqrt42.4%
fabs-sqr42.4%
rem-square-sqrt57.9%
rec-exp57.9%
distribute-neg-frac257.9%
Simplified58.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 56.3%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (if (<= s 2.3200000374495537e-30) (/ (/ 0.0 s) s) (/ (/ (+ (* x_m -0.125) (+ (* x_m 0.125) (* s 0.25))) s) s)))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
float tmp;
if (s <= 2.3200000374495537e-30f) {
tmp = (0.0f / s) / s;
} else {
tmp = (((x_m * -0.125f) + ((x_m * 0.125f) + (s * 0.25f))) / s) / s;
}
return tmp;
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(4) function code(x_m, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x_m
real(4), intent (in) :: s
real(4) :: tmp
if (s <= 2.3200000374495537e-30) then
tmp = (0.0e0 / s) / s
else
tmp = (((x_m * (-0.125e0)) + ((x_m * 0.125e0) + (s * 0.25e0))) / s) / s
end if
code = tmp
end function
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (s <= Float32(2.3200000374495537e-30)) tmp = Float32(Float32(Float32(0.0) / s) / s); else tmp = Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(x_m * Float32(-0.125)) + Float32(Float32(x_m * Float32(0.125)) + Float32(s * Float32(0.25)))) / s) / s); end return tmp end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp_2 = code(x_m, s) tmp = single(0.0); if (s <= single(2.3200000374495537e-30)) tmp = (single(0.0) / s) / s; else tmp = (((x_m * single(-0.125)) + ((x_m * single(0.125)) + (s * single(0.25)))) / s) / s; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;s \leq 2.3200000374495537 \cdot 10^{-30}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{0}{s}}{s}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{x\_m \cdot -0.125 + \left(x\_m \cdot 0.125 + s \cdot 0.25\right)}{s}}{s}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if s < 2.32000004e-30Initial program 99.9%
fabs-neg99.9%
distribute-frac-neg99.9%
distribute-frac-neg299.9%
fabs-neg99.9%
*-commutative99.9%
fabs-neg99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
fabs-neg99.9%
Simplified99.9%
Applied egg-rr65.5%
associate-*l/65.5%
*-lft-identity65.5%
Simplified65.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 7.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 36.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv36.0%
distribute-rgt-out--36.0%
metadata-eval36.0%
associate-*l/36.0%
metadata-eval36.0%
*-commutative36.0%
Simplified36.0%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 96.8%
distribute-rgt-out96.8%
metadata-eval96.8%
mul0-rgt96.8%
Simplified96.8%
if 2.32000004e-30 < s Initial program 99.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
distribute-frac-neg99.7%
distribute-frac-neg299.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
*-commutative99.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Applied egg-rr69.4%
associate-*l/69.4%
*-lft-identity69.4%
Simplified69.4%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 43.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 67.6%
cancel-sign-sub-inv67.6%
distribute-rgt-out--67.6%
metadata-eval67.6%
associate-*l/67.6%
metadata-eval67.6%
*-commutative67.6%
Simplified67.6%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 89.1%
Final simplification91.0%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (if (<= x_m 1.999999936531045e-20) (/ 0.25 s) (/ (/ 0.0 s) s)))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
float tmp;
if (x_m <= 1.999999936531045e-20f) {
tmp = 0.25f / s;
} else {
tmp = (0.0f / s) / s;
}
return tmp;
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(4) function code(x_m, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x_m
real(4), intent (in) :: s
real(4) :: tmp
if (x_m <= 1.999999936531045e-20) then
tmp = 0.25e0 / s
else
tmp = (0.0e0 / s) / s
end if
code = tmp
end function
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (x_m <= Float32(1.999999936531045e-20)) tmp = Float32(Float32(0.25) / s); else tmp = Float32(Float32(Float32(0.0) / s) / s); end return tmp end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp_2 = code(x_m, s) tmp = single(0.0); if (x_m <= single(1.999999936531045e-20)) tmp = single(0.25) / s; else tmp = (single(0.0) / s) / s; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x\_m \leq 1.999999936531045 \cdot 10^{-20}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{0.25}{s}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{0}{s}}{s}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < 1.99999994e-20Initial program 99.8%
fabs-neg99.8%
distribute-frac-neg99.8%
distribute-frac-neg299.8%
fabs-neg99.8%
*-commutative99.8%
fabs-neg99.8%
+-commutative99.8%
fabs-neg99.8%
Simplified99.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 37.3%
if 1.99999994e-20 < x Initial program 99.6%
fabs-neg99.6%
distribute-frac-neg99.6%
distribute-frac-neg299.6%
fabs-neg99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
fabs-neg99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
fabs-neg99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Applied egg-rr6.8%
associate-*l/6.8%
*-lft-identity6.8%
Simplified6.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 30.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 55.6%
cancel-sign-sub-inv55.6%
distribute-rgt-out--55.6%
metadata-eval55.6%
associate-*l/55.6%
metadata-eval55.6%
*-commutative55.6%
Simplified55.6%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 93.3%
distribute-rgt-out93.3%
metadata-eval93.3%
mul0-rgt93.3%
Simplified93.3%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 s))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
return 0.25f / s;
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(4) function code(x_m, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x_m
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = 0.25e0 / s
end function
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / s) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m, s) tmp = single(0.25) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\frac{0.25}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
distribute-frac-neg99.7%
distribute-frac-neg299.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
*-commutative99.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
fabs-neg99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 27.7%
herbie shell --seed 2024170
(FPCore (x s)
:name "Logistic distribution"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631))
(/ (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s)) (* (* s (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s)))) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s))))))