
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 14 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (exp (/ PI s)))
(t_1 (exp (/ PI (- s))))
(t_2 (+ (/ u (+ 1.0 t_1)) (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 t_0)))))
(*
s
(-
(log
(/
(+ -1.0 (pow t_2 -3.0))
(+
(pow t_2 -2.0)
(+
1.0
(/ -1.0 (+ (/ u (- -1.0 t_1)) (/ (- 1.0 u) (- -1.0 t_0))))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = expf((((float) M_PI) / s));
float t_1 = expf((((float) M_PI) / -s));
float t_2 = (u / (1.0f + t_1)) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + t_0));
return s * -logf(((-1.0f + powf(t_2, -3.0f)) / (powf(t_2, -2.0f) + (1.0f + (-1.0f / ((u / (-1.0f - t_1)) + ((1.0f - u) / (-1.0f - t_0))))))));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)) t_1 = exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))) t_2 = Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_1)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_0))) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + (t_2 ^ Float32(-3.0))) / Float32((t_2 ^ Float32(-2.0)) + Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(-1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(-1.0) - t_1)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(-1.0) - t_0)))))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = exp((single(pi) / s)); t_1 = exp((single(pi) / -s)); t_2 = (u / (single(1.0) + t_1)) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + t_0)); tmp = s * -log(((single(-1.0) + (t_2 ^ single(-3.0))) / ((t_2 ^ single(-2.0)) + (single(1.0) + (single(-1.0) / ((u / (single(-1.0) - t_1)) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(-1.0) - t_0)))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}\\
t_1 := e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}\\
t_2 := \frac{u}{1 + t\_1} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + t\_0}\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\frac{-1 + {t\_2}^{-3}}{{t\_2}^{-2} + \left(1 + \frac{-1}{\frac{u}{-1 - t\_1} + \frac{1 - u}{-1 - t\_0}}\right)}\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
clear-num98.8%
associate-/r/98.8%
Applied egg-rr98.8%
flip3-+98.8%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
+-commutative98.9%
associate-*l/98.9%
metadata-eval98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Final simplification98.9%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
-1.0
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s)))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log((single(-1.0) + (single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / -s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Final simplification98.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* -4.0 (* s (* u (/ (* (/ PI s) -0.5) (+ 1.0 (/ PI s)))))) (* s (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (-4.0f * (s * (u * (((((float) M_PI) / s) * -0.5f) / (1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s)))))) - (s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(s * Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) / s) * Float32(-0.5)) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) - Float32(s * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-4 \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(u \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{s} \cdot -0.5}{1 + \frac{\pi}{s}}\right)\right) - s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
mul-1-neg25.1%
unsub-neg25.1%
Simplified25.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (+ 1.0 (/ PI s)))) (- (* 2.0 (/ (* u PI) t_0)) (* s (log t_0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s);
return (2.0f * ((u * ((float) M_PI)) / t_0)) - (s * logf(t_0));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s)) return Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(Float32(u * Float32(pi)) / t_0)) - Float32(s * log(t_0))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) + (single(pi) / s); tmp = (single(2.0) * ((u * single(pi)) / t_0)) - (s * log(t_0)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 1 + \frac{\pi}{s}\\
2 \cdot \frac{u \cdot \pi}{t\_0} - s \cdot \log t\_0
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.8%
Taylor expanded in u around -inf 21.9%
mul-1-neg21.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in21.9%
+-commutative21.9%
mul-1-neg21.9%
unsub-neg21.9%
distribute-rgt-out--21.9%
metadata-eval21.9%
Simplified21.9%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
Final simplification25.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (* -2.0 (* u (/ (/ PI s) (- -1.0 (/ PI s))))) (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * ((-2.0f * (u * ((((float) M_PI) / s) / (-1.0f - (((float) M_PI) / s))))) - log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(Float32(-2.0) * Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) / s) / Float32(Float32(-1.0) - Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))) - log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left(u \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{s}}{-1 - \frac{\pi}{s}}\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.8%
Taylor expanded in u around -inf 21.9%
mul-1-neg21.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in21.9%
+-commutative21.9%
mul-1-neg21.9%
unsub-neg21.9%
distribute-rgt-out--21.9%
metadata-eval21.9%
Simplified21.9%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
log1p-define25.1%
associate-/l*25.1%
associate-/r*25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Final simplification25.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log (+ 1.0 (* 4.0 (/ (- (* (* u PI) -0.25) (* PI -0.25)) s)))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf((1.0f + (4.0f * ((((u * ((float) M_PI)) * -0.25f) - (((float) M_PI) * -0.25f)) / s))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(4.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(u * Float32(pi)) * Float32(-0.25)) - Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(-0.25))) / s)))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log((single(1.0) + (single(4.0) * ((((u * single(pi)) * single(-0.25)) - (single(pi) * single(-0.25))) / s)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(1 + 4 \cdot \frac{\left(u \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.25 - \pi \cdot -0.25}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Final simplification25.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log1p (/ PI s))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
associate-*r*25.1%
neg-mul-125.1%
log1p-define25.1%
Simplified25.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (* 0.25 (/ s (- (+ (* PI -0.25) (* (* u PI) 0.25)) (* (* u PI) -0.25))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (0.25f * (s / (((((float) M_PI) * -0.25f) + ((u * ((float) M_PI)) * 0.25f)) - ((u * ((float) M_PI)) * -0.25f))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(s / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(-0.25)) + Float32(Float32(u * Float32(pi)) * Float32(0.25))) - Float32(Float32(u * Float32(pi)) * Float32(-0.25)))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (single(0.25) * (s / (((single(pi) * single(-0.25)) + ((u * single(pi)) * single(0.25))) - ((u * single(pi)) * single(-0.25))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \frac{s}{\left(\pi \cdot -0.25 + \left(u \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.25\right) - \left(u \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.25}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.8%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 24.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 13.0%
Final simplification13.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* -4.0 (+ (* PI (+ 0.25 (* u -0.25))) (* PI (* u -0.25)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -4.0f * ((((float) M_PI) * (0.25f + (u * -0.25f))) + (((float) M_PI) * (u * -0.25f)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(0.25) + Float32(u * Float32(-0.25)))) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(u * Float32(-0.25))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(-4.0) * ((single(pi) * (single(0.25) + (u * single(-0.25)))) + (single(pi) * (u * single(-0.25)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-4 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(0.25 + u \cdot -0.25\right) + \pi \cdot \left(u \cdot -0.25\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 12.6%
associate--r+12.6%
cancel-sign-sub-inv12.6%
cancel-sign-sub-inv12.6%
metadata-eval12.6%
associate-*r*12.6%
distribute-rgt-out12.6%
metadata-eval12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
associate-*l*12.6%
Simplified12.6%
Final simplification12.6%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* -4.0 (* PI (+ 0.25 (* u -0.5)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -4.0f * (((float) M_PI) * (0.25f + (u * -0.5f)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(0.25) + Float32(u * Float32(-0.5))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(-4.0) * (single(pi) * (single(0.25) + (u * single(-0.5)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-4 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(0.25 + u \cdot -0.5\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 12.6%
associate--r+12.6%
cancel-sign-sub-inv12.6%
cancel-sign-sub-inv12.6%
metadata-eval12.6%
associate-*r*12.6%
distribute-rgt-out12.6%
metadata-eval12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
associate-*l*12.6%
Simplified12.6%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 12.6%
associate-*r*12.6%
distribute-rgt-out12.6%
Simplified12.6%
Final simplification12.6%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* 2.0 (* u PI)) PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (2.0f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) - ((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) - Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (single(2.0) * (u * single(pi))) - single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
2 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) - \pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 12.6%
associate--r+12.6%
cancel-sign-sub-inv12.6%
cancel-sign-sub-inv12.6%
metadata-eval12.6%
associate-*r*12.6%
distribute-rgt-out12.6%
metadata-eval12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
associate-*l*12.6%
Simplified12.6%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 12.6%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 12.6%
+-commutative12.6%
mul-1-neg12.6%
unsub-neg12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
Simplified12.6%
Final simplification12.6%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (/ PI (- s))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (((float) M_PI) / -s);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (single(pi) / -s); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \frac{\pi}{-s}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 12.3%
Final simplification12.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 12.3%
neg-mul-112.3%
Simplified12.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 0.0)
float code(float u, float s) {
return 0.0f;
}
real(4) function code(u, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: u
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = 0.0e0
end function
function code(u, s) return Float32(0.0) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(0.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.2%
herbie shell --seed 2024169
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))