Quadratic roots, wide range

Percentage Accurate: 17.1% → 99.4%

Time: 13.6s

Alternatives: 7

Speedup: 29.0×

Specification

\[\left(\left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < a \land a < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right) \land \left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < b \land b < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right)\right) \land \left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < c \land c < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right)\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}

Python

def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 17.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}

Python

def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 99.4% accurate, 0.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{\left(4 \cdot c\right) \cdot a}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (/ (* (* 4.0 c) a) (- (- b) (sqrt (fma b b (* (* c a) -4.0))))) (* a 2.0)))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (((4.0 * c) * a) / (-b - sqrt(fma(b, b, ((c * a) * -4.0))))) / (a * 2.0);
}

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(4.0 * c) * a) / Float64(Float64(-b) - sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(Float64(c * a) * -4.0))))) / Float64(a * 2.0))
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(4.0 * c), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[((-b) - N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 19.7%

   \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 19.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{a \cdot 2}} \]

3. Simplified 19.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. neg-sub0 19.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - b\right)} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   2. flip-- 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{0 \cdot 0 - b \cdot b}{0 + b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   3. metadata-eval 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{0} - b \cdot b}{0 + b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   4. pow2 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - \color{blue}{{b}^{2}}}{0 + b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   5. add-sqr-sqrt 19.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{b} \cdot \sqrt{b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   6. sqrt-prod 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{b \cdot b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   7. sqr-neg 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   8. sqrt-unprod 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{-b} \cdot \sqrt{-b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   9. add-sqr-sqrt 1.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \color{blue}{\left(-b\right)}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   10. sub-neg 1.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{0 - b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   11. neg-sub0 1.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{-b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   12. add-sqr-sqrt 0.0%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{-b} \cdot \sqrt{-b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   13. sqrt-unprod 19.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   14. sqr-neg 19.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   15. sqrt-prod 19.8%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{b} \cdot \sqrt{b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   16. add-sqr-sqrt 19.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

6. Applied egg-rr 19.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. neg-sub0 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-{b}^{2}}}{b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

8. Simplified 19.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-{b}^{2}}{b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. flip-+ 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-{b}^{2}}{b} \cdot \frac{-{b}^{2}}{b} - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} \cdot \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\frac{-{b}^{2}}{b} - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

10. Applied egg-rr 20.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(-b\right)}^{2} - \left({b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}}}{a \cdot 2} \]
11. Step-by-step derivation

    1. associate--r- 99.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left({\left(-b\right)}^{2} - {b}^{2}\right) + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

    2. unpow2 99.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)} - {b}^{2}\right) + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

    3. unpow2 99.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \color{blue}{b \cdot b}\right) + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

    4. difference-of-squares 99.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left(-b\right) + b\right) \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - b\right)} + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

    5. neg-mul-1 99.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b} + b\right) \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - b\right) + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

    6. distribute-lft1-in 99.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 + 1\right) \cdot b\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - b\right) + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

    7. metadata-eval 99.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(\color{blue}{0} \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - b\right) + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

    8. mul0-lft 99.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{0} \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - b\right) + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

    9. unpow2 99.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - b\right) + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

    10. fmm-def 99.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - b\right) + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, -c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)\right)}}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

    11. associate-*r* 99.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - b\right) + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, -\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot 4}\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

    12. *-commutative 99.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - b\right) + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, -\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot c\right)} \cdot 4\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

    13. distribute-rgt-neg-in 99.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - b\right) + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot \left(-4\right)}\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

    14. *-commutative 99.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - b\right) + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot a\right)} \cdot \left(-4\right)\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

    15. metadata-eval 99.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - b\right) + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-4}\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

12. Simplified 99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{0 \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - b\right) + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)}}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

13. Taylor expanded in b around 0 99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \]
14. Step-by-step derivation

    1. *-commutative 99.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot a\right)}}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

    2. associate-*r* 99.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot c\right) \cdot a}}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \]

15. Simplified 99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot c\right) \cdot a}}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)}}}{a \cdot 2} \]
16. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 95.6% accurate, 0.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-c}{b} - a \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (- (/ (- c) b) (* a (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-c / b) - (a * (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-c / b) - (a * ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-c / b) - (a * (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)));
}

Python

def code(a, b, c):
	return (-c / b) - (a * (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-c) / b) - Float64(a * Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-c / b) - (a * ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)));
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 19.7%

   \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 19.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{a \cdot 2}} \]

3. Simplified 19.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -1 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. mul-1-neg 95.1%

      \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right)} \]

   2. unsub-neg 95.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b} - \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}} \]

   3. mul-1-neg 95.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{c}{b}\right)} - \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}} \]

   4. distribute-neg-frac2 95.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-b}} - \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}} \]

   5. associate-/l* 95.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c}{-b} - \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}} \]

7. Simplified 95.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-b} - a \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}} \]

8. Final simplification 95.1%

   \[\leadsto \frac{-c}{b} - a \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}} \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 95.6% accurate, 0.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}, c\right)}{-b} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (fma a (pow (/ c b) 2.0) c) (- b)))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return fma(a, pow((c / b), 2.0), c) / -b;
}

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(fma(a, (Float64(c / b) ^ 2.0), c) / Float64(-b))
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[Power[N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + c), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 19.7%

   \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 19.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{a \cdot 2}} \]

3. Simplified 19.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in c around 0 96.5%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot c}{{b}^{5}} + -1 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]

6. Taylor expanded in b around inf 95.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot c + -1 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{b}} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. distribute-lft-out 95.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(c + \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}\right)}}{b} \]

   2. associate-*r/ 95.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c + \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{b}} \]

   3. mul-1-neg 95.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{c + \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{b}} \]

   4. distribute-neg-frac2 95.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c + \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{-b}} \]

   5. +-commutative 95.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}} + c}}{-b} \]

   6. associate-/l* 95.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}} + c}{-b} \]

   7. fma-define 95.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}, c\right)}}{-b} \]

   8. unpow2 95.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, \frac{\color{blue}{c \cdot c}}{{b}^{2}}, c\right)}{-b} \]

   9. unpow2 95.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, \frac{c \cdot c}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}, c\right)}{-b} \]

   10. times-frac 95.1%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{b}}, c\right)}{-b} \]

   11. unpow2 95.1%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}}, c\right)}{-b} \]

8. Simplified 95.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}, c\right)}{-b}} \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 95.4% accurate, 6.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{2 \cdot \frac{b \cdot -0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{c \cdot a}{b}}{c}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ 1.0 (* 2.0 (/ (+ (* b -0.5) (* 0.5 (/ (* c a) b))) c))))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return 1.0 / (2.0 * (((b * -0.5) + (0.5 * ((c * a) / b))) / c));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = 1.0d0 / (2.0d0 * (((b * (-0.5d0)) + (0.5d0 * ((c * a) / b))) / c))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return 1.0 / (2.0 * (((b * -0.5) + (0.5 * ((c * a) / b))) / c));
}

Python

def code(a, b, c):
	return 1.0 / (2.0 * (((b * -0.5) + (0.5 * ((c * a) / b))) / c))

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64(b * -0.5) + Float64(0.5 * Float64(Float64(c * a) / b))) / c)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 1.0 / (2.0 * (((b * -0.5) + (0.5 * ((c * a) / b))) / c));
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(1.0 / N[(2.0 * N[(N[(N[(b * -0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.5 * N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 19.7%

   \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 19.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{a \cdot 2}} \]

3. Simplified 19.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. neg-sub0 19.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - b\right)} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   2. flip-- 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{0 \cdot 0 - b \cdot b}{0 + b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   3. metadata-eval 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{0} - b \cdot b}{0 + b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   4. pow2 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - \color{blue}{{b}^{2}}}{0 + b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   5. add-sqr-sqrt 19.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{b} \cdot \sqrt{b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   6. sqrt-prod 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{b \cdot b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   7. sqr-neg 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   8. sqrt-unprod 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{-b} \cdot \sqrt{-b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   9. add-sqr-sqrt 1.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \color{blue}{\left(-b\right)}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   10. sub-neg 1.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{0 - b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   11. neg-sub0 1.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{-b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   12. add-sqr-sqrt 0.0%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{-b} \cdot \sqrt{-b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   13. sqrt-unprod 19.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   14. sqr-neg 19.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   15. sqrt-prod 19.8%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{b} \cdot \sqrt{b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   16. add-sqr-sqrt 19.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

6. Applied egg-rr 19.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. neg-sub0 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-{b}^{2}}}{b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

8. Simplified 19.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-{b}^{2}}{b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. clear-num 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{a \cdot 2}{\frac{-{b}^{2}}{b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}} \]

   2. inv-pow 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{a \cdot 2}{\frac{-{b}^{2}}{b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1}} \]

   3. *-commutative 19.6%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot a}}{\frac{-{b}^{2}}{b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   4. pow2 19.6%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\frac{-\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   5. distribute-frac-neg 19.6%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\color{blue}{\left(-\frac{b \cdot b}{b}\right)} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   6. pow2 19.6%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-\frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2}}}{b}\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   7. pow1 19.6%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-\frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{b}^{1}}}\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   8. pow-div 19.7%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-\color{blue}{{b}^{\left(2 - 1\right)}}\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   9. metadata-eval 19.7%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-{b}^{\color{blue}{1}}\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   10. pow1 19.7%

       \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-\color{blue}{b}\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   11. pow2 19.7%

       \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{{b}^{2}} - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   12. *-commutative 19.7%

       \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{{b}^{2} - \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(4 \cdot a\right)}}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   13. *-commutative 19.7%

       \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot 4\right)}}}\right)}^{-1} \]

10. Applied egg-rr 19.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}\right)}^{-1}} \]
11. Step-by-step derivation

    1. unpow-1 19.7%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}}} \]

    2. associate-/l* 19.7%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{a}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}}} \]

12. Simplified 19.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot \frac{a}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}}} \]

13. Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-0.5 \cdot b + 0.5 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{b}}{c}}} \]

14. Final simplification 95.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2 \cdot \frac{b \cdot -0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{c \cdot a}{b}}{c}} \]
15. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 95.4% accurate, 7.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \frac{b}{c} + 0.5 \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ 1.0 (* 2.0 (+ (* -0.5 (/ b c)) (* 0.5 (/ a b))))))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return 1.0 / (2.0 * ((-0.5 * (b / c)) + (0.5 * (a / b))));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = 1.0d0 / (2.0d0 * (((-0.5d0) * (b / c)) + (0.5d0 * (a / b))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return 1.0 / (2.0 * ((-0.5 * (b / c)) + (0.5 * (a / b))));
}

Python

def code(a, b, c):
	return 1.0 / (2.0 * ((-0.5 * (b / c)) + (0.5 * (a / b))))

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(b / c)) + Float64(0.5 * Float64(a / b)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 1.0 / (2.0 * ((-0.5 * (b / c)) + (0.5 * (a / b))));
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(1.0 / N[(2.0 * N[(N[(-0.5 * N[(b / c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.5 * N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 19.7%

   \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 19.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{a \cdot 2}} \]

3. Simplified 19.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. neg-sub0 19.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - b\right)} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   2. flip-- 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{0 \cdot 0 - b \cdot b}{0 + b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   3. metadata-eval 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{0} - b \cdot b}{0 + b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   4. pow2 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - \color{blue}{{b}^{2}}}{0 + b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   5. add-sqr-sqrt 19.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{b} \cdot \sqrt{b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   6. sqrt-prod 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{b \cdot b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   7. sqr-neg 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   8. sqrt-unprod 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{-b} \cdot \sqrt{-b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   9. add-sqr-sqrt 1.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \color{blue}{\left(-b\right)}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   10. sub-neg 1.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{0 - b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   11. neg-sub0 1.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{-b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   12. add-sqr-sqrt 0.0%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{-b} \cdot \sqrt{-b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   13. sqrt-unprod 19.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   14. sqr-neg 19.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   15. sqrt-prod 19.8%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{b} \cdot \sqrt{b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   16. add-sqr-sqrt 19.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

6. Applied egg-rr 19.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. neg-sub0 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-{b}^{2}}}{b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

8. Simplified 19.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-{b}^{2}}{b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. clear-num 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{a \cdot 2}{\frac{-{b}^{2}}{b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}} \]

   2. inv-pow 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{a \cdot 2}{\frac{-{b}^{2}}{b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1}} \]

   3. *-commutative 19.6%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot a}}{\frac{-{b}^{2}}{b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   4. pow2 19.6%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\frac{-\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   5. distribute-frac-neg 19.6%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\color{blue}{\left(-\frac{b \cdot b}{b}\right)} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   6. pow2 19.6%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-\frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2}}}{b}\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   7. pow1 19.6%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-\frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{b}^{1}}}\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   8. pow-div 19.7%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-\color{blue}{{b}^{\left(2 - 1\right)}}\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   9. metadata-eval 19.7%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-{b}^{\color{blue}{1}}\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   10. pow1 19.7%

       \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-\color{blue}{b}\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   11. pow2 19.7%

       \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{{b}^{2}} - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   12. *-commutative 19.7%

       \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{{b}^{2} - \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(4 \cdot a\right)}}}\right)}^{-1} \]

   13. *-commutative 19.7%

       \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot 4\right)}}}\right)}^{-1} \]

10. Applied egg-rr 19.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}\right)}^{-1}} \]
11. Step-by-step derivation

    1. unpow-1 19.7%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}}} \]

    2. associate-/l* 19.7%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{a}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}}} \]

12. Simplified 19.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot \frac{a}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}}} \]

13. Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot \frac{b}{c} + 0.5 \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)}} \]
14. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 90.9% accurate, 29.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-c}{b} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- c) b))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return -c / b;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = -c / b
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return -c / b;
}

Python

def code(a, b, c):
	return -c / b

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(-c) / b)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = -c / b;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 19.7%

   \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 19.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{a \cdot 2}} \]

3. Simplified 19.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in b around inf 89.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-*r/ 89.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot c}{b}} \]

   2. mul-1-neg 89.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-c}}{b} \]

7. Simplified 89.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-c}{b}} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 3.3% accurate, 38.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0}{a} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ 0.0 a))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return 0.0 / a;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = 0.0d0 / a
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return 0.0 / a;
}

Python

def code(a, b, c):
	return 0.0 / a

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(0.0 / a)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0 / a;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(0.0 / a), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 19.7%

   \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 19.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{a \cdot 2}} \]

3. Simplified 19.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. neg-sub0 19.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - b\right)} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   2. flip-- 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{0 \cdot 0 - b \cdot b}{0 + b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   3. metadata-eval 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{0} - b \cdot b}{0 + b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   4. pow2 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - \color{blue}{{b}^{2}}}{0 + b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   5. add-sqr-sqrt 19.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{b} \cdot \sqrt{b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   6. sqrt-prod 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{b \cdot b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   7. sqr-neg 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   8. sqrt-unprod 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{-b} \cdot \sqrt{-b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   9. add-sqr-sqrt 1.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{0 + \color{blue}{\left(-b\right)}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   10. sub-neg 1.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{0 - b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   11. neg-sub0 1.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{-b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   12. add-sqr-sqrt 0.0%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{-b} \cdot \sqrt{-b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   13. sqrt-unprod 19.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   14. sqr-neg 19.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   15. sqrt-prod 19.8%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{b} \cdot \sqrt{b}}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

   16. add-sqr-sqrt 19.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

6. Applied egg-rr 19.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{0 - {b}^{2}}{b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. neg-sub0 19.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-{b}^{2}}}{b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

8. Simplified 19.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-{b}^{2}}{b}} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2} \]

9. Taylor expanded in a around 0 3.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{b + -1 \cdot b}{a}} \]
10. Step-by-step derivation

    1. associate-*r/ 3.3%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(b + -1 \cdot b\right)}{a}} \]

    2. distribute-rgt1-in 3.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 + 1\right) \cdot b\right)}}{a} \]

    3. metadata-eval 3.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{0} \cdot b\right)}{a} \]

    4. mul0-lft 3.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{0}}{a} \]

    5. metadata-eval 3.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0}}{a} \]

11. Simplified 3.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0}{a}} \]
12. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024169 
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
  :precision binary64
  :pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))