VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)

Percentage Accurate: 7.0% → 99.1%
Time: 17.8s
Alternatives: 10
Speedup: 4.9×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\ t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\ t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\ -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (t_1 (exp t_0)) (t_2 (exp (- t_0))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ t_1 t_2) (- t_1 t_2)))))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = Math.exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0)) * Math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = (math.pi / 4.0) * f
	t_1 = math.exp(t_0)
	t_2 = math.exp(-t_0)
	return -((1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0)) * math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))))
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / 4.0) * f)
	t_1 = exp(t_0)
	t_2 = exp(Float64(-t_0))
	return Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)) * log(Float64(Float64(t_1 + t_2) / Float64(t_1 - t_2)))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = (pi / 4.0) * f;
	t_1 = exp(t_0);
	t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	tmp = -((1.0 / (pi / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * f), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-t$95$0)], $MachinePrecision]}, (-N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(t$95$1 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\
t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\
t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\
-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 10 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 7.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\ t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\ t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\ -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (t_1 (exp t_0)) (t_2 (exp (- t_0))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ t_1 t_2) (- t_1 t_2)))))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = Math.exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0)) * Math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = (math.pi / 4.0) * f
	t_1 = math.exp(t_0)
	t_2 = math.exp(-t_0)
	return -((1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0)) * math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))))
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / 4.0) * f)
	t_1 = exp(t_0)
	t_2 = exp(Float64(-t_0))
	return Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)) * log(Float64(Float64(t_1 + t_2) / Float64(t_1 - t_2)))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = (pi / 4.0) * f;
	t_1 = exp(t_0);
	t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	tmp = -((1.0 / (pi / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * f), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-t$95$0)], $MachinePrecision]}, (-N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(t$95$1 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\
t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\
t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\
-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.1% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (*
   -4.0
   (log1p
    (+
     (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* PI (* f 0.5))))
     (+ -1.0 (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* PI (* f -0.5))))))))
  PI))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * log1p(((1.0 / expm1((((double) M_PI) * (f * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / expm1((((double) M_PI) * (f * -0.5)))))))) / ((double) M_PI);
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * Math.log1p(((1.0 / Math.expm1((Math.PI * (f * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((Math.PI * (f * -0.5)))))))) / Math.PI;
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 * math.log1p(((1.0 / math.expm1((math.pi * (f * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / math.expm1((math.pi * (f * -0.5)))))))) / math.pi
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log1p(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(pi * Float64(f * 0.5)))) + Float64(-1.0 + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(pi * Float64(f * -0.5)))))))) / pi)
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[1 + N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(Pi * N[(f * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(Pi * N[(f * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.7%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 4.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/4.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  6. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. log1p-expm1-u99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. expm1-undefine99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. add-exp-log99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate--l+99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  10. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
  11. Final simplification99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
  12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.1% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (*
   -4.0
   (log
    (+ (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* PI (* f 0.5)))) (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* PI (* f -0.5)))))))
  PI))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * log(((1.0 / expm1((((double) M_PI) * (f * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 / expm1((((double) M_PI) * (f * -0.5))))))) / ((double) M_PI);
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * Math.log(((1.0 / Math.expm1((Math.PI * (f * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((Math.PI * (f * -0.5))))))) / Math.PI;
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 * math.log(((1.0 / math.expm1((math.pi * (f * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 / math.expm1((math.pi * (f * -0.5))))))) / math.pi
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(pi * Float64(f * 0.5)))) + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(pi * Float64(f * -0.5))))))) / pi)
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(Pi * N[(f * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(Pi * N[(f * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.7%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 4.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/4.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  6. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.9% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (log (+ (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI -0.5)))) (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI 0.5))))))
  (/ -4.0 PI)))
double code(double f) {
	return log(((-1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * -0.5)))) + (1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * 0.5)))))) * (-4.0 / ((double) M_PI));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return Math.log(((-1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * -0.5)))) + (1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * 0.5)))))) * (-4.0 / Math.PI);
}
def code(f):
	return math.log(((-1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * -0.5)))) + (1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * 0.5)))))) * (-4.0 / math.pi)
function code(f)
	return Float64(log(Float64(Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * -0.5)))) + Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * 0.5)))))) * Float64(-4.0 / pi))
end
code[f_] := N[(N[Log[N[(N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.7%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Final simplification99.4%

    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 97.0% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{4}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot f\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (* -4.0 (log1p (/ 4.0 (log1p (expm1 (* PI f)))))) PI))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * log1p((4.0 / log1p(expm1((((double) M_PI) * f)))))) / ((double) M_PI);
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * Math.log1p((4.0 / Math.log1p(Math.expm1((Math.PI * f)))))) / Math.PI;
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 * math.log1p((4.0 / math.log1p(math.expm1((math.pi * f)))))) / math.pi
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log1p(Float64(4.0 / log1p(expm1(Float64(pi * f)))))) / pi)
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[1 + N[(4.0 / N[Log[1 + N[(Exp[N[(Pi * f), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{4}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot f\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.7%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 4.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/4.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  6. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. log1p-expm1-u99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. expm1-undefine99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. add-exp-log99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate--l+99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  10. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
  11. Taylor expanded in f around 0 95.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}}\right)}{\pi} \]
  12. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative95.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{4}{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot f}}\right)}{\pi} \]
  13. Simplified95.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}}\right)}{\pi} \]
  14. Step-by-step derivation
    1. log1p-expm1-u97.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{4}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot f\right)\right)}}\right)}{\pi} \]
  15. Applied egg-rr97.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{4}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot f\right)\right)}}\right)}{\pi} \]
  16. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 96.3% accurate, 2.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) + \frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} - f \cdot \left(0.5 + f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (*
   -4.0
   (log1p
    (+
     (+ -1.0 (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* PI (* f -0.5)))))
     (/
      (-
       (* 2.0 (/ 1.0 PI))
       (* f (+ 0.5 (* f (+ (* PI -0.125) (* PI 0.08333333333333333))))))
      f))))
  PI))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * log1p(((-1.0 + (-1.0 / expm1((((double) M_PI) * (f * -0.5))))) + (((2.0 * (1.0 / ((double) M_PI))) - (f * (0.5 + (f * ((((double) M_PI) * -0.125) + (((double) M_PI) * 0.08333333333333333)))))) / f)))) / ((double) M_PI);
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * Math.log1p(((-1.0 + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((Math.PI * (f * -0.5))))) + (((2.0 * (1.0 / Math.PI)) - (f * (0.5 + (f * ((Math.PI * -0.125) + (Math.PI * 0.08333333333333333)))))) / f)))) / Math.PI;
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 * math.log1p(((-1.0 + (-1.0 / math.expm1((math.pi * (f * -0.5))))) + (((2.0 * (1.0 / math.pi)) - (f * (0.5 + (f * ((math.pi * -0.125) + (math.pi * 0.08333333333333333)))))) / f)))) / math.pi
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log1p(Float64(Float64(-1.0 + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(pi * Float64(f * -0.5))))) + Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 / pi)) - Float64(f * Float64(0.5 + Float64(f * Float64(Float64(pi * -0.125) + Float64(pi * 0.08333333333333333)))))) / f)))) / pi)
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[1 + N[(N[(-1.0 + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(Pi * N[(f * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(f * N[(0.5 + N[(f * N[(N[(Pi * -0.125), $MachinePrecision] + N[(Pi * 0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) + \frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} - f \cdot \left(0.5 + f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)}{f}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.7%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 4.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/4.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  6. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. log1p-expm1-u99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. expm1-undefine99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. add-exp-log99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate--l+99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  10. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
  11. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
  12. Final simplification96.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) + \frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} - f \cdot \left(0.5 + f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
  13. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 96.3% accurate, 2.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} - f \cdot \left(0.5 + f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (*
   -4.0
   (log
    (+
     (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* PI (* f -0.5))))
     (/
      (-
       (* 2.0 (/ 1.0 PI))
       (* f (+ 0.5 (* f (+ (* PI -0.125) (* PI 0.08333333333333333))))))
      f))))
  PI))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * log(((-1.0 / expm1((((double) M_PI) * (f * -0.5)))) + (((2.0 * (1.0 / ((double) M_PI))) - (f * (0.5 + (f * ((((double) M_PI) * -0.125) + (((double) M_PI) * 0.08333333333333333)))))) / f)))) / ((double) M_PI);
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * Math.log(((-1.0 / Math.expm1((Math.PI * (f * -0.5)))) + (((2.0 * (1.0 / Math.PI)) - (f * (0.5 + (f * ((Math.PI * -0.125) + (Math.PI * 0.08333333333333333)))))) / f)))) / Math.PI;
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 * math.log(((-1.0 / math.expm1((math.pi * (f * -0.5)))) + (((2.0 * (1.0 / math.pi)) - (f * (0.5 + (f * ((math.pi * -0.125) + (math.pi * 0.08333333333333333)))))) / f)))) / math.pi
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log(Float64(Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(pi * Float64(f * -0.5)))) + Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 / pi)) - Float64(f * Float64(0.5 + Float64(f * Float64(Float64(pi * -0.125) + Float64(pi * 0.08333333333333333)))))) / f)))) / pi)
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[N[(N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(Pi * N[(f * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(f * N[(0.5 + N[(f * N[(N[(Pi * -0.125), $MachinePrecision] + N[(Pi * 0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} - f \cdot \left(0.5 + f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)}{f}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.7%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 4.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/4.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  6. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\color{blue}{\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  8. Final simplification96.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} - f \cdot \left(0.5 + f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 96.2% accurate, 4.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 + f \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot -0.08333333333333333 + \pi \cdot 0.125\right) - \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (*
   -4.0
   (log1p
    (/
     (+
      (*
       f
       (+
        -1.0
        (*
         f
         (-
          (+ (* PI -0.08333333333333333) (* PI 0.125))
          (+ (* PI -0.125) (* PI 0.08333333333333333))))))
      (* 4.0 (/ 1.0 PI)))
     f)))
  PI))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * log1p((((f * (-1.0 + (f * (((((double) M_PI) * -0.08333333333333333) + (((double) M_PI) * 0.125)) - ((((double) M_PI) * -0.125) + (((double) M_PI) * 0.08333333333333333)))))) + (4.0 * (1.0 / ((double) M_PI)))) / f))) / ((double) M_PI);
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * Math.log1p((((f * (-1.0 + (f * (((Math.PI * -0.08333333333333333) + (Math.PI * 0.125)) - ((Math.PI * -0.125) + (Math.PI * 0.08333333333333333)))))) + (4.0 * (1.0 / Math.PI))) / f))) / Math.PI;
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 * math.log1p((((f * (-1.0 + (f * (((math.pi * -0.08333333333333333) + (math.pi * 0.125)) - ((math.pi * -0.125) + (math.pi * 0.08333333333333333)))))) + (4.0 * (1.0 / math.pi))) / f))) / math.pi
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log1p(Float64(Float64(Float64(f * Float64(-1.0 + Float64(f * Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * -0.08333333333333333) + Float64(pi * 0.125)) - Float64(Float64(pi * -0.125) + Float64(pi * 0.08333333333333333)))))) + Float64(4.0 * Float64(1.0 / pi))) / f))) / pi)
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[1 + N[(N[(N[(f * N[(-1.0 + N[(f * N[(N[(N[(Pi * -0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] + N[(Pi * 0.125), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(Pi * -0.125), $MachinePrecision] + N[(Pi * 0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[(1.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 + f \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot -0.08333333333333333 + \pi \cdot 0.125\right) - \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.7%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 4.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/4.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  6. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. log1p-expm1-u99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. expm1-undefine99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. add-exp-log99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate--l+99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  10. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
  11. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{f \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) - 1\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}}\right)}{\pi} \]
  12. Final simplification96.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 + f \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot -0.08333333333333333 + \pi \cdot 0.125\right) - \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
  13. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 95.7% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (/ (* -4.0 (log (/ (/ 4.0 PI) f))) PI))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * log(((4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) / f))) / ((double) M_PI);
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * Math.log(((4.0 / Math.PI) / f))) / Math.PI;
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 * math.log(((4.0 / math.pi) / f))) / math.pi
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log(Float64(Float64(4.0 / pi) / f))) / pi)
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = (-4.0 * log(((4.0 / pi) / f))) / pi;
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[N[(N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.7%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-neg96.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    2. unsub-neg96.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
  6. Simplified96.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/96.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right) \cdot -4}{\pi}} \]
    2. diff-log96.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)} \cdot -4}{\pi} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr96.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot -4}{\pi}} \]
  9. Final simplification96.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 95.6% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* (/ -4.0 PI) (log (/ 4.0 (* PI f)))))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) * log((4.0 / (((double) M_PI) * f)));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 / Math.PI) * Math.log((4.0 / (Math.PI * f)));
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 / math.pi) * math.log((4.0 / (math.pi * f)))
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 / pi) * log(Float64(4.0 / Float64(pi * f))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = (-4.0 / pi) * log((4.0 / (pi * f)));
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(4.0 / N[(Pi * f), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.7%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.0%

    \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
  5. Final simplification96.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right) \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 5.4% accurate, 76.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{-16}{\pi \cdot f}}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (/ (/ -16.0 (* PI f)) PI))
double code(double f) {
	return (-16.0 / (((double) M_PI) * f)) / ((double) M_PI);
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-16.0 / (Math.PI * f)) / Math.PI;
}
def code(f):
	return (-16.0 / (math.pi * f)) / math.pi
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-16.0 / Float64(pi * f)) / pi)
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = (-16.0 / (pi * f)) / pi;
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-16.0 / N[(Pi * f), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\frac{-16}{\pi \cdot f}}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.7%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 4.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/4.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  6. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. log1p-expm1-u99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. expm1-undefine99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. add-exp-log99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate--l+99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  10. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
  11. Taylor expanded in f around 0 95.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}}\right)}{\pi} \]
  12. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative95.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{4}{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot f}}\right)}{\pi} \]
  13. Simplified95.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}}\right)}{\pi} \]
  14. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-16}{f \cdot \pi}}}{\pi} \]
  15. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative5.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-16}{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot f}}}{\pi} \]
  16. Simplified5.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-16}{\pi \cdot f}}}{\pi} \]
  17. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024165 
(FPCore (f)
  :name "VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)"
  :precision binary64
  (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4.0) f)))) (- (exp (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4.0) f)))))))))