
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (/ (- (- (pow b 2.0) (pow (- b) 2.0)) (* (* a c) 3.0)) (+ b (sqrt (+ (pow b 2.0) (* (* a c) -3.0))))) (pow (sqrt (* a 3.0)) 2.0)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (((pow(b, 2.0) - pow(-b, 2.0)) - ((a * c) * 3.0)) / (b + sqrt((pow(b, 2.0) + ((a * c) * -3.0))))) / pow(sqrt((a * 3.0)), 2.0);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((((b ** 2.0d0) - (-b ** 2.0d0)) - ((a * c) * 3.0d0)) / (b + sqrt(((b ** 2.0d0) + ((a * c) * (-3.0d0)))))) / (sqrt((a * 3.0d0)) ** 2.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (((Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(-b, 2.0)) - ((a * c) * 3.0)) / (b + Math.sqrt((Math.pow(b, 2.0) + ((a * c) * -3.0))))) / Math.pow(Math.sqrt((a * 3.0)), 2.0);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (((math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(-b, 2.0)) - ((a * c) * 3.0)) / (b + math.sqrt((math.pow(b, 2.0) + ((a * c) * -3.0))))) / math.pow(math.sqrt((a * 3.0)), 2.0)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (Float64(-b) ^ 2.0)) - Float64(Float64(a * c) * 3.0)) / Float64(b + sqrt(Float64((b ^ 2.0) + Float64(Float64(a * c) * -3.0))))) / (sqrt(Float64(a * 3.0)) ^ 2.0)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((((b ^ 2.0) - (-b ^ 2.0)) - ((a * c) * 3.0)) / (b + sqrt(((b ^ 2.0) + ((a * c) * -3.0))))) / (sqrt((a * 3.0)) ^ 2.0); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[(-b), 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision] * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b + N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision] * -3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[Sqrt[N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\left({b}^{2} - {\left(-b\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot 3}{b + \sqrt{{b}^{2} + \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -3}}}{{\left(\sqrt{a \cdot 3}\right)}^{2}}
\end{array}
Initial program 35.6%
log1p-expm1-u21.5%
log1p-undefine17.4%
Applied egg-rr17.4%
pow117.4%
log1p-define21.5%
log1p-expm1-u35.6%
metadata-eval35.6%
pow-pow35.5%
sqr-pow35.5%
pow235.5%
pow-pow35.6%
metadata-eval35.6%
metadata-eval35.6%
pow1/235.6%
*-commutative35.6%
Applied egg-rr35.6%
flip-+35.6%
pow235.6%
add-sqr-sqrt36.7%
pow236.7%
associate-*l*36.7%
pow236.7%
associate-*l*36.7%
Applied egg-rr36.7%
associate--r-98.9%
*-commutative98.9%
cancel-sign-sub-inv98.9%
metadata-eval98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Final simplification98.9%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (/ (- (- (pow b 2.0) (pow (- b) 2.0)) (* (* a c) 3.0)) (+ b (sqrt (+ (pow b 2.0) (* (* a c) -3.0))))) (* a (cbrt 27.0))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (((pow(b, 2.0) - pow(-b, 2.0)) - ((a * c) * 3.0)) / (b + sqrt((pow(b, 2.0) + ((a * c) * -3.0))))) / (a * cbrt(27.0));
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (((Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(-b, 2.0)) - ((a * c) * 3.0)) / (b + Math.sqrt((Math.pow(b, 2.0) + ((a * c) * -3.0))))) / (a * Math.cbrt(27.0));
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (Float64(-b) ^ 2.0)) - Float64(Float64(a * c) * 3.0)) / Float64(b + sqrt(Float64((b ^ 2.0) + Float64(Float64(a * c) * -3.0))))) / Float64(a * cbrt(27.0))) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[(-b), 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision] * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b + N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision] * -3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * N[Power[27.0, 1/3], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\left({b}^{2} - {\left(-b\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot 3}{b + \sqrt{{b}^{2} + \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -3}}}{a \cdot \sqrt[3]{27}}
\end{array}
Initial program 35.6%
log1p-expm1-u21.5%
log1p-undefine17.4%
Applied egg-rr17.4%
log1p-define21.5%
log1p-expm1-u35.6%
add-cbrt-cube35.6%
unpow335.6%
unpow-prod-down35.6%
cbrt-prod35.6%
metadata-eval35.6%
pow335.6%
add-cbrt-cube35.6%
Applied egg-rr35.6%
flip-+35.6%
pow235.6%
add-sqr-sqrt36.7%
pow236.7%
associate-*l*36.7%
pow236.7%
associate-*l*36.7%
Applied egg-rr36.7%
associate--r-98.9%
*-commutative98.9%
cancel-sign-sub-inv98.9%
metadata-eval98.9%
Simplified98.5%
Final simplification98.5%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(+
(* -0.5 (/ c b))
(*
a
(+
(* -0.375 (/ (* c c) (pow b 3.0)))
(* -0.5625 (/ (* a (pow c 3.0)) (pow b 5.0)))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (a * ((-0.375 * ((c * c) / pow(b, 3.0))) + (-0.5625 * ((a * pow(c, 3.0)) / pow(b, 5.0)))));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((-0.5d0) * (c / b)) + (a * (((-0.375d0) * ((c * c) / (b ** 3.0d0))) + ((-0.5625d0) * ((a * (c ** 3.0d0)) / (b ** 5.0d0)))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (a * ((-0.375 * ((c * c) / Math.pow(b, 3.0))) + (-0.5625 * ((a * Math.pow(c, 3.0)) / Math.pow(b, 5.0)))));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (a * ((-0.375 * ((c * c) / math.pow(b, 3.0))) + (-0.5625 * ((a * math.pow(c, 3.0)) / math.pow(b, 5.0)))))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(c / b)) + Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-0.375 * Float64(Float64(c * c) / (b ^ 3.0))) + Float64(-0.5625 * Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0)))))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (a * ((-0.375 * ((c * c) / (b ^ 3.0))) + (-0.5625 * ((a * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(-0.5 * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.5625 * N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} + -0.5625 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 35.6%
Simplified35.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.3%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.3%
unpow295.3%
Applied egg-rr95.3%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 93.4%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(*
c
(+
(*
c
(+
(* -0.5625 (/ (* c (pow a 2.0)) (pow b 5.0)))
(* -0.375 (/ a (pow b 3.0)))))
(* 0.5 (/ -1.0 b)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-0.5625 * ((c * pow(a, 2.0)) / pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.375 * (a / pow(b, 3.0))))) + (0.5 * (-1.0 / b)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((c * (((-0.5625d0) * ((c * (a ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 5.0d0))) + ((-0.375d0) * (a / (b ** 3.0d0))))) + (0.5d0 * ((-1.0d0) / b)))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-0.5625 * ((c * Math.pow(a, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.375 * (a / Math.pow(b, 3.0))))) + (0.5 * (-1.0 / b)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((c * ((-0.5625 * ((c * math.pow(a, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.375 * (a / math.pow(b, 3.0))))) + (0.5 * (-1.0 / b)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-0.5625 * Float64(Float64(c * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(-0.375 * Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0))))) + Float64(0.5 * Float64(-1.0 / b)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((c * ((-0.5625 * ((c * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) + (-0.375 * (a / (b ^ 3.0))))) + (0.5 * (-1.0 / b))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(N[(-0.5625 * N[(N[(c * N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.375 * N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.5 * N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{c \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) + 0.5 \cdot \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 35.6%
Simplified35.7%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 93.1%
Final simplification93.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (+ (* -0.5 (/ c b)) (* -0.375 (/ (* a (pow c 2.0)) (pow b 3.0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (-0.375 * ((a * pow(c, 2.0)) / pow(b, 3.0)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((-0.5d0) * (c / b)) + ((-0.375d0) * ((a * (c ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 3.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (-0.375 * ((a * Math.pow(c, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (-0.375 * ((a * math.pow(c, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(c / b)) + Float64(-0.375 * Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 3.0)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (-0.375 * ((a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 3.0))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(-0.5 * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.375 * N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}
\end{array}
Initial program 35.6%
Simplified35.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 89.4%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (fma -0.375 (* a (pow (/ c b) 2.0)) (* c -0.5)) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return fma(-0.375, (a * pow((c / b), 2.0)), (c * -0.5)) / b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(fma(-0.375, Float64(a * (Float64(c / b) ^ 2.0)), Float64(c * -0.5)) / b) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(a * N[Power[N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(c * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375, a \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}, c \cdot -0.5\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 35.6%
Simplified35.7%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 88.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 89.4%
+-commutative89.4%
fma-define89.4%
associate-/l*89.4%
unpow289.4%
unpow289.4%
times-frac89.4%
unpow289.4%
*-commutative89.4%
Simplified89.4%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (- (* -0.375 (* a (/ c (pow b 3.0)))) (/ 0.5 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-0.375 * (a * (c / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (0.5 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((-0.375d0) * (a * (c / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (0.5d0 / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-0.375 * (a * (c / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (0.5 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((-0.375 * (a * (c / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (0.5 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-0.375 * Float64(a * Float64(c / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(0.5 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((-0.375 * (a * (c / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (0.5 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(a * N[(c / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \left(a \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 35.6%
Simplified35.7%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 89.2%
associate-/l*89.2%
associate-*r/89.2%
metadata-eval89.2%
Simplified89.2%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* -0.5 (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return -0.5 * (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-0.5d0) * (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return -0.5 * (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return -0.5 * (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(-0.5 * Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = -0.5 * (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(-0.5 * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 35.6%
Simplified35.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 78.2%
herbie shell --seed 2024165
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Cubic critical, medium range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 a) (< a 9007199254740992.0)) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 b) (< b 9007199254740992.0))) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 c) (< c 9007199254740992.0)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))