Toniolo and Linder, Equation (2)

Percentage Accurate: 83.6% → 98.9%

Time: 17.9s

Alternatives: 9

Speedup: 1.9×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (t l Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (asin
  (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 (pow (/ Om Omc) 2.0)) (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (pow (/ t l) 2.0)))))))

C

double code(double t, double l, double Om, double Omc) {
	return asin(sqrt(((1.0 - pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * pow((t / l), 2.0))))));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(t, l, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    code = asin(sqrt(((1.0d0 - ((om / omc) ** 2.0d0)) / (1.0d0 + (2.0d0 * ((t / l) ** 2.0d0))))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double t, double l, double Om, double Omc) {
	return Math.asin(Math.sqrt(((1.0 - Math.pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * Math.pow((t / l), 2.0))))));
}

Python

def code(t, l, Om, Omc):
	return math.asin(math.sqrt(((1.0 - math.pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * math.pow((t / l), 2.0))))))

Julia

function code(t, l, Om, Omc)
	return asin(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - (Float64(Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(2.0 * (Float64(t / l) ^ 2.0))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(t, l, Om, Omc)
	tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0 - ((Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * ((t / l) ^ 2.0))))));
end

Wolfram

code[t_, l_, Om_, Omc_] := N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - N[Power[N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(t / l), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 83.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (t l Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (asin
  (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 (pow (/ Om Omc) 2.0)) (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (pow (/ t l) 2.0)))))))

C

double code(double t, double l, double Om, double Omc) {
	return asin(sqrt(((1.0 - pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * pow((t / l), 2.0))))));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(t, l, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    code = asin(sqrt(((1.0d0 - ((om / omc) ** 2.0d0)) / (1.0d0 + (2.0d0 * ((t / l) ** 2.0d0))))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double t, double l, double Om, double Omc) {
	return Math.asin(Math.sqrt(((1.0 - Math.pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * Math.pow((t / l), 2.0))))));
}

Python

def code(t, l, Om, Omc):
	return math.asin(math.sqrt(((1.0 - math.pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * math.pow((t / l), 2.0))))))

Julia

function code(t, l, Om, Omc)
	return asin(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - (Float64(Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(2.0 * (Float64(t / l) ^ 2.0))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(t, l, Om, Omc)
	tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0 - ((Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * ((t / l) ^ 2.0))))));
end

Wolfram

code[t_, l_, Om_, Omc_] := N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - N[Power[N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(t / l), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 98.9% accurate, 1.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{t\_m}{l\_m} \leq 10^{+143}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{l\_m}{t\_m} \cdot \frac{l\_m}{t\_m}}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{l\_m \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}}\right) \cdot 0.5}{t\_m}}}{\sqrt{t\_m}}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ t_m l_m) 1e+143)
   (asin
    (sqrt
     (/
      (- 1.0 (pow (/ Om Omc) 2.0))
      (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (/ 1.0 (* (/ l_m t_m) (/ l_m t_m))))))))
   (asin
    (/
     (* l_m (sqrt (/ (* (- 1.0 (/ Om (/ Omc (/ Om Omc)))) 0.5) t_m)))
     (sqrt t_m)))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 1e+143) {
		tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0 - pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * (1.0 / ((l_m / t_m) * (l_m / t_m))))))));
	} else {
		tmp = asin(((l_m * sqrt((((1.0 - (Om / (Omc / (Om / Omc)))) * 0.5) / t_m))) / sqrt(t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
real(8) function code(t_m, l_m, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: l_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((t_m / l_m) <= 1d+143) then
        tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0d0 - ((om / omc) ** 2.0d0)) / (1.0d0 + (2.0d0 * (1.0d0 / ((l_m / t_m) * (l_m / t_m))))))))
    else
        tmp = asin(((l_m * sqrt((((1.0d0 - (om / (omc / (om / omc)))) * 0.5d0) / t_m))) / sqrt(t_m)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

t_m = Math.abs(t);
l_m = Math.abs(l);
public static double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 1e+143) {
		tmp = Math.asin(Math.sqrt(((1.0 - Math.pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * (1.0 / ((l_m / t_m) * (l_m / t_m))))))));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.asin(((l_m * Math.sqrt((((1.0 - (Om / (Omc / (Om / Omc)))) * 0.5) / t_m))) / Math.sqrt(t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

t_m = math.fabs(t)
l_m = math.fabs(l)
def code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc):
	tmp = 0
	if (t_m / l_m) <= 1e+143:
		tmp = math.asin(math.sqrt(((1.0 - math.pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * (1.0 / ((l_m / t_m) * (l_m / t_m))))))))
	else:
		tmp = math.asin(((l_m * math.sqrt((((1.0 - (Om / (Omc / (Om / Omc)))) * 0.5) / t_m))) / math.sqrt(t_m)))
	return tmp

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(t_m / l_m) <= 1e+143)
		tmp = asin(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - (Float64(Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(l_m / t_m) * Float64(l_m / t_m))))))));
	else
		tmp = asin(Float64(Float64(l_m * sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(Om / Float64(Omc / Float64(Om / Omc)))) * 0.5) / t_m))) / sqrt(t_m)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

t_m = abs(t);
l_m = abs(l);
function tmp_2 = code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((t_m / l_m) <= 1e+143)
		tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0 - ((Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * (1.0 / ((l_m / t_m) * (l_m / t_m))))))));
	else
		tmp = asin(((l_m * sqrt((((1.0 - (Om / (Omc / (Om / Omc)))) * 0.5) / t_m))) / sqrt(t_m)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 1e+143], N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - N[Power[N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(l$95$m / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(l$95$m / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[(N[(l$95$m * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(1.0 - N[(Om / N[(Omc / N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[t$95$m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f64 t l) < 1e143

   1. Initial program 87.9%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left(\frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{t}} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left(\frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{t}} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{t}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. frac-times N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left(\frac{1 \cdot 1}{\frac{\ell}{t} \cdot \frac{\ell}{t}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \left(\frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{t} \cdot \frac{\ell}{t}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\ell}{t} \cdot \frac{\ell}{t}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\ell}{t}\right), \left(\frac{\ell}{t}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, t\right), \left(\frac{\ell}{t}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. /-lowering-/.f64 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, t\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   4. Applied egg-rr 87.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{t} \cdot \frac{\ell}{t}}}}}\right) \]

   if 1e143 < (/.f64 t l)

   1. Initial program 54.7%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 46.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)}{{t}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right) \cdot {\ell}^{2}\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. --lowering--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left({Om}^{2}\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(Om \cdot Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left(Omc \cdot Omc\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left({t}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      16. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(t \cdot t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      17. *-lowering-*.f64 46.4%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Simplified 46.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right) \cdot \frac{0.5}{t \cdot t}}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(\left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}\right)\right) \]

      3. sqrt-prod N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right) \]

      4. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{\ell}^{2}}\right)\right) \]

      5. sqrt-pow1 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot {\ell}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      6. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot {\ell}^{1}\right)\right) \]

      7. unpow1 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]

      8. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)}\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

   9. Applied egg-rr 56.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{0.5}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc \cdot Omc}{Om}}\right)} \cdot \ell\right)} \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. associate-*l/ N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc \cdot Omc}{Om}}\right)}{t \cdot t}\right)\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

       2. associate-/r* N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc \cdot Omc}{Om}}\right)}{t}}{t}\right)\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

       3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc \cdot Omc}{Om}}\right)}{t}\right), t\right)\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

       4. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc \cdot Omc}{Om}}\right)\right), t\right), t\right)\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

       5. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc \cdot Omc}{Om}}\right)\right), t\right), t\right)\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

       6. --lowering--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{Om}{\frac{Omc \cdot Omc}{Om}}\right)\right)\right), t\right), t\right)\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

       7. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \left(\frac{Omc \cdot Omc}{Om}\right)\right)\right)\right), t\right), t\right)\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

       8. associate-/l* N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \left(Omc \cdot \frac{Omc}{Om}\right)\right)\right)\right), t\right), t\right)\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

       9. clear-num N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \left(Omc \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}\right)\right)\right)\right), t\right), t\right)\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

       10. un-div-inv N/A

           \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \left(\frac{Omc}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}\right)\right)\right)\right), t\right), t\right)\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

       11. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, \left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), t\right), t\right)\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

       12. /-lowering-/.f64 60.8%

           \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), t\right), t\right)\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

   11. Applied egg-rr 60.8%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}}\right)}{t}}{t}}} \cdot \ell\right) \]
   12. Step-by-step derivation

       1. sqrt-div N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}}\right)}{t}}}{\sqrt{t}} \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]

       2. associate-*l/ N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}}\right)}{t}} \cdot \ell}{\sqrt{t}}\right)\right) \]

       3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}}\right)}{t}} \cdot \ell\right), \left(\sqrt{t}\right)\right)\right) \]

   13. Applied egg-rr 45.3%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}}\right) \cdot 0.5}{t}} \cdot \ell}{\sqrt{t}}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 80.6%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{t}{\ell} \leq 10^{+143}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{t} \cdot \frac{\ell}{t}}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}}\right) \cdot 0.5}{t}}}{\sqrt{t}}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 86.6% accurate, 1.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_m \leq 2.8 \cdot 10^{+130}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc}}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}}{1 + \frac{\frac{t\_m}{l\_m}}{\frac{l\_m}{t\_m \cdot 2}}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(l\_m \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}}\right) \cdot 0.5}}{t\_m}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= t_m 2.8e+130)
   (asin
    (sqrt
     (/
      (- 1.0 (/ (/ Om Omc) (/ Omc Om)))
      (+ 1.0 (/ (/ t_m l_m) (/ l_m (* t_m 2.0)))))))
   (asin (* l_m (/ (sqrt (* (- 1.0 (/ Om (/ Omc (/ Om Omc)))) 0.5)) t_m)))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if (t_m <= 2.8e+130) {
		tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0 - ((Om / Omc) / (Omc / Om))) / (1.0 + ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / (t_m * 2.0)))))));
	} else {
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(((1.0 - (Om / (Omc / (Om / Omc)))) * 0.5)) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
real(8) function code(t_m, l_m, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: l_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (t_m <= 2.8d+130) then
        tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0d0 - ((om / omc) / (omc / om))) / (1.0d0 + ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / (t_m * 2.0d0)))))))
    else
        tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(((1.0d0 - (om / (omc / (om / omc)))) * 0.5d0)) / t_m)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

t_m = Math.abs(t);
l_m = Math.abs(l);
public static double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if (t_m <= 2.8e+130) {
		tmp = Math.asin(Math.sqrt(((1.0 - ((Om / Omc) / (Omc / Om))) / (1.0 + ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / (t_m * 2.0)))))));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.asin((l_m * (Math.sqrt(((1.0 - (Om / (Omc / (Om / Omc)))) * 0.5)) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

t_m = math.fabs(t)
l_m = math.fabs(l)
def code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc):
	tmp = 0
	if t_m <= 2.8e+130:
		tmp = math.asin(math.sqrt(((1.0 - ((Om / Omc) / (Omc / Om))) / (1.0 + ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / (t_m * 2.0)))))))
	else:
		tmp = math.asin((l_m * (math.sqrt(((1.0 - (Om / (Omc / (Om / Omc)))) * 0.5)) / t_m)))
	return tmp

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_m <= 2.8e+130)
		tmp = asin(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(Om / Omc) / Float64(Omc / Om))) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(t_m / l_m) / Float64(l_m / Float64(t_m * 2.0)))))));
	else
		tmp = asin(Float64(l_m * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(Om / Float64(Omc / Float64(Om / Omc)))) * 0.5)) / t_m)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

t_m = abs(t);
l_m = abs(l);
function tmp_2 = code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_m <= 2.8e+130)
		tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0 - ((Om / Omc) / (Omc / Om))) / (1.0 + ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / (t_m * 2.0)))))));
	else
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(((1.0 - (Om / (Omc / (Om / Omc)))) * 0.5)) / t_m)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[t$95$m, 2.8e+130], N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - N[(N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision] / N[(Omc / Om), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / N[(l$95$m / N[(t$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[(l$95$m * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - N[(Om / N[(Omc / N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if t < 2.7999999999999999e130

   1. Initial program 85.1%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 64.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. un-div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\frac{Om}{Omc}}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right), \left(\frac{Omc}{Om}\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \left(\frac{Omc}{Om}\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. /-lowering-/.f64 70.8%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 70.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{Om}{Omc}}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right) \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\left(2 \cdot t\right) \cdot t}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. frac-times N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. un-div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\frac{t}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right), \left(\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \left(\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, \left(2 \cdot t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. *-lowering-*.f64 85.1%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   8. Applied egg-rr 85.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc}}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}}{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{t}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}}}}}\right) \]

   if 2.7999999999999999e130 < t

   1. Initial program 61.8%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 33.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)}{{t}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right) \cdot {\ell}^{2}\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. --lowering--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left({Om}^{2}\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(Om \cdot Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left(Omc \cdot Omc\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left({t}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      16. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(t \cdot t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      17. *-lowering-*.f64 30.4%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Simplified 30.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right) \cdot \frac{0.5}{t \cdot t}}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(\left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}\right)\right) \]

      3. sqrt-prod N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right) \]

      4. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{\ell}^{2}}\right)\right) \]

      5. sqrt-pow1 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot {\ell}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      6. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot {\ell}^{1}\right)\right) \]

      7. unpow1 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]

      8. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)}\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

   9. Applied egg-rr 31.5%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{0.5}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc \cdot Omc}{Om}}\right)} \cdot \ell\right)} \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc \cdot Omc}{Om}}\right)}\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

   11. Applied egg-rr 66.4%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}}\right)}}{t} \cdot \ell\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 82.8%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 2.8 \cdot 10^{+130}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc}}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}}{1 + \frac{\frac{t}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{t \cdot 2}}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}}\right) \cdot 0.5}}{t}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 85.9% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_m \leq 1.26 \cdot 10^{+132}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 + \frac{\frac{t\_m}{l\_m}}{\frac{l\_m}{t\_m \cdot 2}}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(l\_m \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}}\right) \cdot 0.5}}{t\_m}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= t_m 1.26e+132)
   (asin (sqrt (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (/ (/ t_m l_m) (/ l_m (* t_m 2.0)))))))
   (asin (* l_m (/ (sqrt (* (- 1.0 (/ Om (/ Omc (/ Om Omc)))) 0.5)) t_m)))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if (t_m <= 1.26e+132) {
		tmp = asin(sqrt((1.0 / (1.0 + ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / (t_m * 2.0)))))));
	} else {
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(((1.0 - (Om / (Omc / (Om / Omc)))) * 0.5)) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
real(8) function code(t_m, l_m, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: l_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (t_m <= 1.26d+132) then
        tmp = asin(sqrt((1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / (t_m * 2.0d0)))))))
    else
        tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(((1.0d0 - (om / (omc / (om / omc)))) * 0.5d0)) / t_m)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

t_m = Math.abs(t);
l_m = Math.abs(l);
public static double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if (t_m <= 1.26e+132) {
		tmp = Math.asin(Math.sqrt((1.0 / (1.0 + ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / (t_m * 2.0)))))));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.asin((l_m * (Math.sqrt(((1.0 - (Om / (Omc / (Om / Omc)))) * 0.5)) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

t_m = math.fabs(t)
l_m = math.fabs(l)
def code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc):
	tmp = 0
	if t_m <= 1.26e+132:
		tmp = math.asin(math.sqrt((1.0 / (1.0 + ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / (t_m * 2.0)))))))
	else:
		tmp = math.asin((l_m * (math.sqrt(((1.0 - (Om / (Omc / (Om / Omc)))) * 0.5)) / t_m)))
	return tmp

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_m <= 1.26e+132)
		tmp = asin(sqrt(Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(t_m / l_m) / Float64(l_m / Float64(t_m * 2.0)))))));
	else
		tmp = asin(Float64(l_m * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(Om / Float64(Omc / Float64(Om / Omc)))) * 0.5)) / t_m)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

t_m = abs(t);
l_m = abs(l);
function tmp_2 = code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_m <= 1.26e+132)
		tmp = asin(sqrt((1.0 / (1.0 + ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / (t_m * 2.0)))))));
	else
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(((1.0 - (Om / (Omc / (Om / Omc)))) * 0.5)) / t_m)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[t$95$m, 1.26e+132], N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[(N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / N[(l$95$m / N[(t$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[(l$95$m * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - N[(Om / N[(Omc / N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if t < 1.25999999999999999e132

   1. Initial program 85.1%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 64.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. un-div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\frac{Om}{Omc}}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right), \left(\frac{Omc}{Om}\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \left(\frac{Omc}{Om}\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. /-lowering-/.f64 70.8%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 70.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{Om}{Omc}}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right) \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\left(2 \cdot t\right) \cdot t}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. frac-times N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. un-div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\frac{t}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right), \left(\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \left(\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, \left(2 \cdot t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. *-lowering-*.f64 85.1%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   8. Applied egg-rr 85.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc}}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}}{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{t}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}}}}}\right) \]

   9. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

   11. Simplified 84.8%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{1 + \frac{\frac{t}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}}}}\right) \]

   if 1.25999999999999999e132 < t

   1. Initial program 61.8%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 33.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)}{{t}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right) \cdot {\ell}^{2}\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. --lowering--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left({Om}^{2}\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(Om \cdot Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left(Omc \cdot Omc\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left({t}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      16. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(t \cdot t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      17. *-lowering-*.f64 30.4%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Simplified 30.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right) \cdot \frac{0.5}{t \cdot t}}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(\left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}\right)\right) \]

      3. sqrt-prod N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right) \]

      4. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{\ell}^{2}}\right)\right) \]

      5. sqrt-pow1 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot {\ell}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      6. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot {\ell}^{1}\right)\right) \]

      7. unpow1 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]

      8. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)}\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

   9. Applied egg-rr 31.5%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{0.5}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc \cdot Omc}{Om}}\right)} \cdot \ell\right)} \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc \cdot Omc}{Om}}\right)}\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

   11. Applied egg-rr 66.4%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}}\right)}}{t} \cdot \ell\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 82.5%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 1.26 \cdot 10^{+132}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 + \frac{\frac{t}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{t \cdot 2}}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}}\right) \cdot 0.5}}{t}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 85.7% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_m \leq 10^{+128}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 + \frac{\frac{t\_m}{l\_m}}{\frac{l\_m}{t\_m \cdot 2}}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(l\_m \cdot \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t\_m}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= t_m 1e+128)
   (asin (sqrt (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (/ (/ t_m l_m) (/ l_m (* t_m 2.0)))))))
   (asin (* l_m (/ (sqrt 0.5) t_m)))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if (t_m <= 1e+128) {
		tmp = asin(sqrt((1.0 / (1.0 + ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / (t_m * 2.0)))))));
	} else {
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
real(8) function code(t_m, l_m, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: l_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (t_m <= 1d+128) then
        tmp = asin(sqrt((1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / (t_m * 2.0d0)))))))
    else
        tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5d0) / t_m)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

t_m = Math.abs(t);
l_m = Math.abs(l);
public static double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if (t_m <= 1e+128) {
		tmp = Math.asin(Math.sqrt((1.0 / (1.0 + ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / (t_m * 2.0)))))));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.asin((l_m * (Math.sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

t_m = math.fabs(t)
l_m = math.fabs(l)
def code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc):
	tmp = 0
	if t_m <= 1e+128:
		tmp = math.asin(math.sqrt((1.0 / (1.0 + ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / (t_m * 2.0)))))))
	else:
		tmp = math.asin((l_m * (math.sqrt(0.5) / t_m)))
	return tmp

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_m <= 1e+128)
		tmp = asin(sqrt(Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(t_m / l_m) / Float64(l_m / Float64(t_m * 2.0)))))));
	else
		tmp = asin(Float64(l_m * Float64(sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

t_m = abs(t);
l_m = abs(l);
function tmp_2 = code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_m <= 1e+128)
		tmp = asin(sqrt((1.0 / (1.0 + ((t_m / l_m) / (l_m / (t_m * 2.0)))))));
	else
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[t$95$m, 1e+128], N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[(N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / N[(l$95$m / N[(t$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[(l$95$m * N[(N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if t < 1.0000000000000001e128

   1. Initial program 85.1%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 64.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. un-div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\frac{Om}{Omc}}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right), \left(\frac{Omc}{Om}\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \left(\frac{Omc}{Om}\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. /-lowering-/.f64 70.8%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 70.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{Om}{Omc}}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right) \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\left(2 \cdot t\right) \cdot t}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. frac-times N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. un-div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\frac{t}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right), \left(\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \left(\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, \left(2 \cdot t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. *-lowering-*.f64 85.1%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, Omc\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   8. Applied egg-rr 85.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc}}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}}{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{t}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}}}}}\right) \]

   9. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

   11. Simplified 84.8%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{1 + \frac{\frac{t}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{2 \cdot t}}}}\right) \]

   if 1.0000000000000001e128 < t

   1. Initial program 61.8%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 33.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)}{{t}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right) \cdot {\ell}^{2}\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. --lowering--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left({Om}^{2}\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(Om \cdot Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left(Omc \cdot Omc\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left({t}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      16. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(t \cdot t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      17. *-lowering-*.f64 30.4%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Simplified 30.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right) \cdot \frac{0.5}{t \cdot t}}}\right) \]

   8. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)}\right) \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)\right) \]

      2. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right), t\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 66.4%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right), t\right)\right)\right) \]

   10. Simplified 66.4%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 82.5%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 10^{+128}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 + \frac{\frac{t}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{t \cdot 2}}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 85.7% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_m \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{+129}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 + \frac{t\_m}{l\_m} \cdot \frac{t\_m \cdot 2}{l\_m}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(l\_m \cdot \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t\_m}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= t_m 9.5e+129)
   (asin (sqrt (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (* (/ t_m l_m) (/ (* t_m 2.0) l_m))))))
   (asin (* l_m (/ (sqrt 0.5) t_m)))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if (t_m <= 9.5e+129) {
		tmp = asin(sqrt((1.0 / (1.0 + ((t_m / l_m) * ((t_m * 2.0) / l_m))))));
	} else {
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
real(8) function code(t_m, l_m, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: l_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (t_m <= 9.5d+129) then
        tmp = asin(sqrt((1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + ((t_m / l_m) * ((t_m * 2.0d0) / l_m))))))
    else
        tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5d0) / t_m)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

t_m = Math.abs(t);
l_m = Math.abs(l);
public static double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if (t_m <= 9.5e+129) {
		tmp = Math.asin(Math.sqrt((1.0 / (1.0 + ((t_m / l_m) * ((t_m * 2.0) / l_m))))));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.asin((l_m * (Math.sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

t_m = math.fabs(t)
l_m = math.fabs(l)
def code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc):
	tmp = 0
	if t_m <= 9.5e+129:
		tmp = math.asin(math.sqrt((1.0 / (1.0 + ((t_m / l_m) * ((t_m * 2.0) / l_m))))))
	else:
		tmp = math.asin((l_m * (math.sqrt(0.5) / t_m)))
	return tmp

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_m <= 9.5e+129)
		tmp = asin(sqrt(Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(t_m / l_m) * Float64(Float64(t_m * 2.0) / l_m))))));
	else
		tmp = asin(Float64(l_m * Float64(sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

t_m = abs(t);
l_m = abs(l);
function tmp_2 = code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_m <= 9.5e+129)
		tmp = asin(sqrt((1.0 / (1.0 + ((t_m / l_m) * ((t_m * 2.0) / l_m))))));
	else
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[t$95$m, 9.5e+129], N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[(N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(t$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[(l$95$m * N[(N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if t < 9.5000000000000004e129

   1. Initial program 85.1%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 64.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\left(2 \cdot t\right) \cdot t}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell}\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(2 \cdot t\right), \ell\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. /-lowering-/.f64 77.3%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 77.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}}}}\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, t\right), \ell\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(t, \ell\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Simplified 84.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}}}\right) \]

   if 9.5000000000000004e129 < t

   1. Initial program 61.8%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 33.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)}{{t}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right) \cdot {\ell}^{2}\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. --lowering--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left({Om}^{2}\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(Om \cdot Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left(Omc \cdot Omc\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left({t}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      16. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(t \cdot t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      17. *-lowering-*.f64 30.4%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Simplified 30.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right) \cdot \frac{0.5}{t \cdot t}}}\right) \]

   8. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)}\right) \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)\right) \]

      2. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right), t\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 66.4%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right), t\right)\right)\right) \]

   10. Simplified 66.4%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 82.5%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{+129}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 + \frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t \cdot 2}{\ell}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 72.8% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_m \leq 6.1 \cdot 10^{-55}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}}{Omc}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{l\_m \cdot \sqrt{0.5}}{t\_m}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= t_m 6.1e-55)
   (asin (sqrt (- 1.0 (/ (/ Om (/ Omc Om)) Omc))))
   (asin (/ (* l_m (sqrt 0.5)) t_m))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if (t_m <= 6.1e-55) {
		tmp = asin(sqrt((1.0 - ((Om / (Omc / Om)) / Omc))));
	} else {
		tmp = asin(((l_m * sqrt(0.5)) / t_m));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
real(8) function code(t_m, l_m, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: l_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (t_m <= 6.1d-55) then
        tmp = asin(sqrt((1.0d0 - ((om / (omc / om)) / omc))))
    else
        tmp = asin(((l_m * sqrt(0.5d0)) / t_m))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

t_m = Math.abs(t);
l_m = Math.abs(l);
public static double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if (t_m <= 6.1e-55) {
		tmp = Math.asin(Math.sqrt((1.0 - ((Om / (Omc / Om)) / Omc))));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.asin(((l_m * Math.sqrt(0.5)) / t_m));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

t_m = math.fabs(t)
l_m = math.fabs(l)
def code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc):
	tmp = 0
	if t_m <= 6.1e-55:
		tmp = math.asin(math.sqrt((1.0 - ((Om / (Omc / Om)) / Omc))))
	else:
		tmp = math.asin(((l_m * math.sqrt(0.5)) / t_m))
	return tmp

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_m <= 6.1e-55)
		tmp = asin(sqrt(Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(Om / Float64(Omc / Om)) / Omc))));
	else
		tmp = asin(Float64(Float64(l_m * sqrt(0.5)) / t_m));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

t_m = abs(t);
l_m = abs(l);
function tmp_2 = code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_m <= 6.1e-55)
		tmp = asin(sqrt((1.0 - ((Om / (Omc / Om)) / Omc))));
	else
		tmp = asin(((l_m * sqrt(0.5)) / t_m));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[t$95$m, 6.1e-55], N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - N[(N[(Om / N[(Omc / Om), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Omc), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[(N[(l$95$m * N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if t < 6.1000000000000001e-55

   1. Initial program 88.4%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 64.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in t around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}}\right)}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. --lowering--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left({Om}^{2}\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(Om \cdot Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left(Omc \cdot Omc\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. *-lowering-*.f64 51.9%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Simplified 51.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}\right)} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\frac{Om}{Omc}}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. associate-/l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{Om} \cdot Omc}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-/r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}}{Omc}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}\right), Omc\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \left(\frac{Omc}{Om}\right)\right), Omc\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. /-lowering-/.f64 57.8%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(Om, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(Omc, Om\right)\right), Omc\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   9. Applied egg-rr 57.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{Om}{\frac{Omc}{Om}}}{Omc}}}\right) \]

   if 6.1000000000000001e-55 < t

   1. Initial program 66.1%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 51.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)}{{t}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right) \cdot {\ell}^{2}\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. --lowering--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left({Om}^{2}\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(Om \cdot Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left(Omc \cdot Omc\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left({t}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      16. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(t \cdot t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      17. *-lowering-*.f64 32.1%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Simplified 32.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right) \cdot \frac{0.5}{t \cdot t}}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(\left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}\right)\right) \]

      3. sqrt-prod N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right) \]

      4. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{\ell}^{2}}\right)\right) \]

      5. sqrt-pow1 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot {\ell}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      6. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot {\ell}^{1}\right)\right) \]

      7. unpow1 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]

      8. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)}\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

   9. Applied egg-rr 33.5%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{0.5}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc \cdot Omc}{Om}}\right)} \cdot \ell\right)} \]

   10. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right), t\right)\right) \]

       2. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right), t\right)\right) \]

       3. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 49.2%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right), t\right)\right) \]

   12. Simplified 49.2%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{0.5}}{t}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 72.4% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_m \leq 3.1 \cdot 10^{-54}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} 1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{l\_m \cdot \sqrt{0.5}}{t\_m}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= t_m 3.1e-54) (asin 1.0) (asin (/ (* l_m (sqrt 0.5)) t_m))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if (t_m <= 3.1e-54) {
		tmp = asin(1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = asin(((l_m * sqrt(0.5)) / t_m));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
real(8) function code(t_m, l_m, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: l_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (t_m <= 3.1d-54) then
        tmp = asin(1.0d0)
    else
        tmp = asin(((l_m * sqrt(0.5d0)) / t_m))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

t_m = Math.abs(t);
l_m = Math.abs(l);
public static double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if (t_m <= 3.1e-54) {
		tmp = Math.asin(1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.asin(((l_m * Math.sqrt(0.5)) / t_m));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

t_m = math.fabs(t)
l_m = math.fabs(l)
def code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc):
	tmp = 0
	if t_m <= 3.1e-54:
		tmp = math.asin(1.0)
	else:
		tmp = math.asin(((l_m * math.sqrt(0.5)) / t_m))
	return tmp

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_m <= 3.1e-54)
		tmp = asin(1.0);
	else
		tmp = asin(Float64(Float64(l_m * sqrt(0.5)) / t_m));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

t_m = abs(t);
l_m = abs(l);
function tmp_2 = code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_m <= 3.1e-54)
		tmp = asin(1.0);
	else
		tmp = asin(((l_m * sqrt(0.5)) / t_m));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[t$95$m, 3.1e-54], N[ArcSin[1.0], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[(N[(l$95$m * N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if t < 3.10000000000000004e-54

   1. Initial program 88.4%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 64.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in t around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}}\right)}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. --lowering--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left({Om}^{2}\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(Om \cdot Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left(Omc \cdot Omc\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. *-lowering-*.f64 51.9%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Simplified 51.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}\right)} \]

   8. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}\right) \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

   10. Simplified 57.4%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{1} \]

   if 3.10000000000000004e-54 < t

   1. Initial program 66.1%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 51.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)}{{t}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right) \cdot {\ell}^{2}\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. --lowering--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left({Om}^{2}\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(Om \cdot Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left(Omc \cdot Omc\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left({t}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      16. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(t \cdot t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      17. *-lowering-*.f64 32.1%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Simplified 32.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right) \cdot \frac{0.5}{t \cdot t}}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(\left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}\right)\right) \]

      3. sqrt-prod N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right) \]

      4. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{\ell}^{2}}\right)\right) \]

      5. sqrt-pow1 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot {\ell}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      6. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot {\ell}^{1}\right)\right) \]

      7. unpow1 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)} \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]

      8. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right)}\right), \ell\right)\right) \]

   9. Applied egg-rr 33.5%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{0.5}{t \cdot t} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{Om}{\frac{Omc \cdot Omc}{Om}}\right)} \cdot \ell\right)} \]

   10. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right), t\right)\right) \]

       2. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right), t\right)\right) \]

       3. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 49.2%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right), t\right)\right) \]

   12. Simplified 49.2%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{0.5}}{t}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 72.5% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_m \leq 7.4 \cdot 10^{-53}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} 1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(l\_m \cdot \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t\_m}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= t_m 7.4e-53) (asin 1.0) (asin (* l_m (/ (sqrt 0.5) t_m)))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if (t_m <= 7.4e-53) {
		tmp = asin(1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
real(8) function code(t_m, l_m, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: l_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (t_m <= 7.4d-53) then
        tmp = asin(1.0d0)
    else
        tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5d0) / t_m)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

t_m = Math.abs(t);
l_m = Math.abs(l);
public static double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if (t_m <= 7.4e-53) {
		tmp = Math.asin(1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.asin((l_m * (Math.sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

t_m = math.fabs(t)
l_m = math.fabs(l)
def code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc):
	tmp = 0
	if t_m <= 7.4e-53:
		tmp = math.asin(1.0)
	else:
		tmp = math.asin((l_m * (math.sqrt(0.5) / t_m)))
	return tmp

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_m <= 7.4e-53)
		tmp = asin(1.0);
	else
		tmp = asin(Float64(l_m * Float64(sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

t_m = abs(t);
l_m = abs(l);
function tmp_2 = code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_m <= 7.4e-53)
		tmp = asin(1.0);
	else
		tmp = asin((l_m * (sqrt(0.5) / t_m)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[t$95$m, 7.4e-53], N[ArcSin[1.0], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[(l$95$m * N[(N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if t < 7.39999999999999965e-53

   1. Initial program 88.4%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 64.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in t around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}}\right)}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. --lowering--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left({Om}^{2}\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(Om \cdot Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left(Omc \cdot Omc\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. *-lowering-*.f64 51.9%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Simplified 51.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}\right)} \]

   8. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}\right) \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

   10. Simplified 57.4%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{1} \]

   if 7.39999999999999965e-53 < t

   1. Initial program 66.1%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      4. neg-sub0 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      5. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      6. sub0-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

      7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. sub0-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. neg-sub0 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. Simplified 51.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)}{{t}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right) \cdot {\ell}^{2}\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. --lowering--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left({Om}^{2}\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(Om \cdot Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left(Omc \cdot Omc\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \left({\ell}^{2}\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      13. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      14. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{{t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left({t}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      16. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(t \cdot t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      17. *-lowering-*.f64 32.1%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \ell\right)\right), \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(t, t\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Simplified 32.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right) \cdot \frac{0.5}{t \cdot t}}}\right) \]

   8. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)}\right) \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)\right) \]

      2. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right), t\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 49.1%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\ell, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right), t\right)\right)\right) \]

   10. Simplified 49.1%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 50.9% accurate, 4.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \sin^{-1} 1 \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc) :precision binary64 (asin 1.0))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	return asin(1.0);
}

Fortran

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
real(8) function code(t_m, l_m, om, omc)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: l_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    code = asin(1.0d0)
end function

Java

t_m = Math.abs(t);
l_m = Math.abs(l);
public static double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	return Math.asin(1.0);
}

Python

t_m = math.fabs(t)
l_m = math.fabs(l)
def code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc):
	return math.asin(1.0)

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	return asin(1.0)
end

MATLAB

t_m = abs(t);
l_m = abs(l);
function tmp = code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = asin(1.0);
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := N[ArcSin[1.0], $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 82.2%

   \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. asin-lowering-asin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

   2. sub-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

   3. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

   4. neg-sub0 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

   5. associate-+l- N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

   6. sub0-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]

   7. distribute-frac-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

   8. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   9. distribute-frac-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

   10. sub0-neg N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{0 - \left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

   11. associate-+l- N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(0 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

   12. neg-sub0 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + 1}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

   13. +-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

   14. sub-neg N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

   15. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right), \left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

3. Simplified 60.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}{1 + \frac{2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}}\right)} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in t around 0

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}}\right)}\right) \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\left(1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]

   2. --lowering--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. /-lowering-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left({Om}^{2}\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   4. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(Om \cdot Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   5. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left({Omc}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \left(Omc \cdot Omc\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. *-lowering-*.f64 44.1%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\mathsf{sqrt.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(Om, Om\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(Omc, Omc\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

7. Simplified 44.1%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 - \frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}}\right)} \]

8. Taylor expanded in Om around 0

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{asin.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}\right) \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

10. Simplified 48.2%

    \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{1} \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024162 
(FPCore (t l Om Omc)
  :name "Toniolo and Linder, Equation (2)"
  :precision binary64
  (asin (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 (pow (/ Om Omc) 2.0)) (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (pow (/ t l) 2.0)))))))