
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 13 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))))
(* (- s) (log (/ (+ (pow t_0 -2.0) -1.0) (- (/ 1.0 t_0) -1.0))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = (u / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s))));
return -s * logf(((powf(t_0, -2.0f) + -1.0f) / ((1.0f / t_0) - -1.0f)));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32((t_0 ^ Float32(-2.0)) + Float32(-1.0)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / t_0) - Float32(-1.0))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = (u / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))); tmp = -s * log((((t_0 ^ single(-2.0)) + single(-1.0)) / ((single(1.0) / t_0) - single(-1.0)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{{t\_0}^{-2} + -1}{\frac{1}{t\_0} - -1}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
Simplified98.7%
expm1-log1p-u98.8%
expm1-undefine98.8%
Applied egg-rr98.8%
expm1-define98.8%
Simplified98.8%
flip-+98.7%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
Final simplification98.9%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
-1.0
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (expm1 (log1p (/ PI s))))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf(expm1f(log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s))))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(expm1(log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))))))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)}}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
Simplified98.7%
expm1-log1p-u98.8%
expm1-undefine98.8%
Applied egg-rr98.8%
expm1-define98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Final simplification98.8%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
-1.0
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (exp (log (/ PI s))))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf(expf(logf((((float) M_PI) / s))))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(exp(log(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log((single(-1.0) + (single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp(exp(log((single(pi) / s)))))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{e^{\log \left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)}}}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
Simplified98.7%
add-exp-log98.8%
Applied egg-rr98.8%
Final simplification98.8%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+ (/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
Simplified98.7%
Final simplification98.7%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log (- 1.0 (/ (* -4.0 (+ (* PI (+ (* u -0.25) 0.25)) (* PI (* u -0.25)))) s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf((1.0f - ((-4.0f * ((((float) M_PI) * ((u * -0.25f) + 0.25f)) + (((float) M_PI) * (u * -0.25f)))) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(u * Float32(-0.25)) + Float32(0.25))) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(u * Float32(-0.25))))) / s)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log((single(1.0) - ((single(-4.0) * ((single(pi) * ((u * single(-0.25)) + single(0.25))) + (single(pi) * (u * single(-0.25))))) / s))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - \frac{-4 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(u \cdot -0.25 + 0.25\right) + \pi \cdot \left(u \cdot -0.25\right)\right)}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
Simplified98.7%
expm1-log1p-u98.8%
expm1-undefine98.8%
Applied egg-rr98.8%
expm1-define98.8%
Simplified98.8%
flip-+98.7%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.4%
mul-1-neg24.4%
unsub-neg24.4%
Simplified24.4%
Final simplification24.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log (+ 1.0 (* -4.0 (/ (* PI (+ -0.25 (* u 0.5))) s)))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf((1.0f + (-4.0f * ((((float) M_PI) * (-0.25f + (u * 0.5f))) / s))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(-0.25) + Float32(u * Float32(0.5)))) / s)))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log((single(1.0) + (single(-4.0) * ((single(pi) * (single(-0.25) + (u * single(0.5)))) / s)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{\pi \cdot \left(-0.25 + u \cdot 0.5\right)}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
Simplified98.7%
expm1-log1p-u98.8%
expm1-undefine98.8%
Applied egg-rr98.8%
expm1-define98.8%
Simplified98.8%
flip-+98.7%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.3%
associate--l+24.3%
distribute-rgt-out--24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
*-commutative24.4%
Simplified24.4%
Final simplification24.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (* 4.0 (/ (+ (* PI (+ (* u -0.25) 0.25)) (* PI (* u -0.25))) (- s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (4.0f * (((((float) M_PI) * ((u * -0.25f) + 0.25f)) + (((float) M_PI) * (u * -0.25f))) / -s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(4.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(u * Float32(-0.25)) + Float32(0.25))) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(u * Float32(-0.25)))) / Float32(-s)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (single(4.0) * (((single(pi) * ((u * single(-0.25)) + single(0.25))) + (single(pi) * (u * single(-0.25)))) / -s)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(4 \cdot \frac{\pi \cdot \left(u \cdot -0.25 + 0.25\right) + \pi \cdot \left(u \cdot -0.25\right)}{-s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
Simplified98.7%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.2%
associate--r+11.2%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.2%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.2%
metadata-eval11.2%
associate-*r*11.2%
distribute-rgt-out11.2%
metadata-eval11.2%
*-commutative11.2%
*-commutative11.2%
associate-*l*11.2%
Simplified11.2%
Final simplification11.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* -4.0 (+ (* PI (+ (* u -0.25) 0.25)) (* PI (* u -0.25)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -4.0f * ((((float) M_PI) * ((u * -0.25f) + 0.25f)) + (((float) M_PI) * (u * -0.25f)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(u * Float32(-0.25)) + Float32(0.25))) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(u * Float32(-0.25))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(-4.0) * ((single(pi) * ((u * single(-0.25)) + single(0.25))) + (single(pi) * (u * single(-0.25)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-4 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(u \cdot -0.25 + 0.25\right) + \pi \cdot \left(u \cdot -0.25\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
Simplified98.7%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.2%
associate--r+11.2%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.2%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.2%
metadata-eval11.2%
associate-*r*11.2%
distribute-rgt-out11.2%
metadata-eval11.2%
*-commutative11.2%
*-commutative11.2%
associate-*l*11.2%
Simplified11.2%
Final simplification11.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* u (- (* PI 2.0) (/ PI u))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return u * ((((float) M_PI) * 2.0f) - (((float) M_PI) / u));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0)) - Float32(Float32(pi) / u))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = u * ((single(pi) * single(2.0)) - (single(pi) / u)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
u \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2 - \frac{\pi}{u}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
Simplified98.7%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 11.2%
associate--r+11.2%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.2%
distribute-rgt-out--11.2%
*-commutative11.2%
metadata-eval11.2%
metadata-eval11.2%
*-commutative11.2%
Simplified11.2%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 11.2%
+-commutative11.2%
mul-1-neg11.2%
unsub-neg11.2%
*-commutative11.2%
Simplified11.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* 2.0 (* u PI)) PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (2.0f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) - ((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) - Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (single(2.0) * (u * single(pi))) - single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
2 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) - \pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
Simplified98.7%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 11.2%
associate--r+11.2%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.2%
distribute-rgt-out--11.2%
*-commutative11.2%
metadata-eval11.2%
metadata-eval11.2%
*-commutative11.2%
Simplified11.2%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.2%
Final simplification11.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* PI (+ -1.0 (* u 2.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return ((float) M_PI) * (-1.0f + (u * 2.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(u * Float32(2.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(pi) * (single(-1.0) + (u * single(2.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\pi \cdot \left(-1 + u \cdot 2\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
Simplified98.7%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 11.2%
associate--r+11.2%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.2%
distribute-rgt-out--11.2%
*-commutative11.2%
metadata-eval11.2%
metadata-eval11.2%
*-commutative11.2%
Simplified11.2%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.2%
neg-mul-111.2%
+-commutative11.2%
associate-*r*11.2%
neg-mul-111.2%
distribute-rgt-out11.2%
Simplified11.2%
Final simplification11.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
Simplified98.7%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 10.9%
neg-mul-110.9%
Simplified10.9%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 0.0)
float code(float u, float s) {
return 0.0f;
}
real(4) function code(u, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: u
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = 0.0e0
end function
function code(u, s) return Float32(0.0) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(0.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
Simplified98.7%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.5%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.5%
herbie shell --seed 2024160
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))