Falkner and Boettcher, Appendix A

Percentage Accurate: 90.0% → 98.5%
Time: 12.1s
Alternatives: 11
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (* a (pow k m)) (+ (+ 1.0 (* 10.0 k)) (* k k))))
double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return (a * pow(k, m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k));
}
real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    code = (a * (k ** m)) / ((1.0d0 + (10.0d0 * k)) + (k * k))
end function
public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return (a * Math.pow(k, m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k));
}
def code(a, k, m):
	return (a * math.pow(k, m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k))
function code(a, k, m)
	return Float64(Float64(a * (k ^ m)) / Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(10.0 * k)) + Float64(k * k)))
end
function tmp = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = (a * (k ^ m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k));
end
code[a_, k_, m_] := N[(N[(a * N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(1.0 + N[(10.0 * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(k * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 11 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 90.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (* a (pow k m)) (+ (+ 1.0 (* 10.0 k)) (* k k))))
double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return (a * pow(k, m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k));
}
real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    code = (a * (k ** m)) / ((1.0d0 + (10.0d0 * k)) + (k * k))
end function
public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return (a * Math.pow(k, m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k));
}
def code(a, k, m):
	return (a * math.pow(k, m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k))
function code(a, k, m)
	return Float64(Float64(a * (k ^ m)) / Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(10.0 * k)) + Float64(k * k)))
end
function tmp = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = (a * (k ^ m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k));
end
code[a_, k_, m_] := N[(N[(a * N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(1.0 + N[(10.0 * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(k * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 98.5% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-127}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;m \leq 1.25 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{a}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{k}^{m} \cdot a\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= m -5e-127)
   (* a (/ (pow k m) (+ 1.0 (* k (+ k 10.0)))))
   (if (<= m 1.25e-11) (/ (/ a (hypot 1.0 k)) (hypot 1.0 k)) (* (pow k m) a))))
double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= -5e-127) {
		tmp = a * (pow(k, m) / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))));
	} else if (m <= 1.25e-11) {
		tmp = (a / hypot(1.0, k)) / hypot(1.0, k);
	} else {
		tmp = pow(k, m) * a;
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= -5e-127) {
		tmp = a * (Math.pow(k, m) / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))));
	} else if (m <= 1.25e-11) {
		tmp = (a / Math.hypot(1.0, k)) / Math.hypot(1.0, k);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.pow(k, m) * a;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if m <= -5e-127:
		tmp = a * (math.pow(k, m) / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))))
	elif m <= 1.25e-11:
		tmp = (a / math.hypot(1.0, k)) / math.hypot(1.0, k)
	else:
		tmp = math.pow(k, m) * a
	return tmp
function code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (m <= -5e-127)
		tmp = Float64(a * Float64((k ^ m) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * Float64(k + 10.0)))));
	elseif (m <= 1.25e-11)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(a / hypot(1.0, k)) / hypot(1.0, k));
	else
		tmp = Float64((k ^ m) * a);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (m <= -5e-127)
		tmp = a * ((k ^ m) / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))));
	elseif (m <= 1.25e-11)
		tmp = (a / hypot(1.0, k)) / hypot(1.0, k);
	else
		tmp = (k ^ m) * a;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, k_, m_] := If[LessEqual[m, -5e-127], N[(a * N[(N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(k * N[(k + 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[m, 1.25e-11], N[(N[(a / N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + k ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + k ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;m \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-127}:\\
\;\;\;\;a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;m \leq 1.25 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{a}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{k}^{m} \cdot a\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if m < -4.9999999999999997e-127

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*100.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      2. remove-double-neg100.0%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]
      3. distribute-frac-neg2100.0%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac2100.0%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg100.0%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      6. sqr-neg100.0%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]
      7. associate-+l+100.0%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]
      8. sqr-neg100.0%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]
      9. distribute-rgt-out100.0%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    3. Simplified100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing

    if -4.9999999999999997e-127 < m < 1.25000000000000005e-11

    1. Initial program 90.3%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*90.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      2. remove-double-neg90.3%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]
      3. distribute-frac-neg290.3%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac290.3%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg90.3%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      6. sqr-neg90.3%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]
      7. associate-+l+90.3%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]
      8. sqr-neg90.3%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]
      9. distribute-rgt-out90.3%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    3. Simplified90.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 90.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in k around inf 88.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \color{blue}{k}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-un-lft-identity88.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot a}}{1 + k \cdot k} \]
      2. add-sqr-sqrt88.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot a}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + k \cdot k} \cdot \sqrt{1 + k \cdot k}}} \]
      3. hypot-1-def88.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot a}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 + k \cdot k}} \]
      4. hypot-1-def88.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot a}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}} \]
      5. times-frac98.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)} \cdot \frac{a}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}} \]
    8. Applied egg-rr98.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)} \cdot \frac{a}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/98.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \frac{a}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}} \]
      2. *-lft-identity98.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)} \]
    10. Simplified98.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}} \]

    if 1.25000000000000005e-11 < m

    1. Initial program 79.7%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*79.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      2. remove-double-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]
      3. distribute-frac-neg279.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac279.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      6. sqr-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]
      7. associate-+l+79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]
      8. sqr-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]
      9. distribute-rgt-out79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    3. Simplified79.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in k around 0 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot {k}^{m}} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification99.4%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-127}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;m \leq 1.25 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{a}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{k}^{m} \cdot a\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 65.8% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(\frac{\sqrt{{k}^{m} \cdot a}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}\right)}^{2} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (pow (/ (sqrt (* (pow k m) a)) (hypot 1.0 k)) 2.0))
double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return pow((sqrt((pow(k, m) * a)) / hypot(1.0, k)), 2.0);
}
public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return Math.pow((Math.sqrt((Math.pow(k, m) * a)) / Math.hypot(1.0, k)), 2.0);
}
def code(a, k, m):
	return math.pow((math.sqrt((math.pow(k, m) * a)) / math.hypot(1.0, k)), 2.0)
function code(a, k, m)
	return Float64(sqrt(Float64((k ^ m) * a)) / hypot(1.0, k)) ^ 2.0
end
function tmp = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = (sqrt(((k ^ m) * a)) / hypot(1.0, k)) ^ 2.0;
end
code[a_, k_, m_] := N[Power[N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + k ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
{\left(\frac{\sqrt{{k}^{m} \cdot a}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}\right)}^{2}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 90.4%

    \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*90.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
    2. remove-double-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]
    3. distribute-frac-neg290.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]
    4. distribute-neg-frac290.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
    5. remove-double-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
    6. sqr-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]
    7. associate-+l+90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]
    8. sqr-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]
    9. distribute-rgt-out90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
  3. Simplified90.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in k around inf 89.8%

    \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \color{blue}{k}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt62.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot k}} \cdot \sqrt{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot k}}} \]
    2. pow262.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot k}}\right)}^{2}} \]
    3. associate-*r/62.8%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot k}}}\right)}^{2} \]
    4. *-commutative62.8%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{k}^{m} \cdot a}}{1 + k \cdot k}}\right)}^{2} \]
    5. sqrt-div59.9%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{{k}^{m} \cdot a}}{\sqrt{1 + k \cdot k}}\right)}}^{2} \]
    6. hypot-1-def63.7%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{\sqrt{{k}^{m} \cdot a}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}}\right)}^{2} \]
  7. Applied egg-rr63.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{\sqrt{{k}^{m} \cdot a}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 97.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{k}^{m} \cdot a\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= m 1.35e-11)
   (* a (/ (pow k m) (+ 1.0 (* k (+ k 10.0)))))
   (* (pow k m) a)))
double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 1.35e-11) {
		tmp = a * (pow(k, m) / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))));
	} else {
		tmp = pow(k, m) * a;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (m <= 1.35d-11) then
        tmp = a * ((k ** m) / (1.0d0 + (k * (k + 10.0d0))))
    else
        tmp = (k ** m) * a
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 1.35e-11) {
		tmp = a * (Math.pow(k, m) / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.pow(k, m) * a;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if m <= 1.35e-11:
		tmp = a * (math.pow(k, m) / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))))
	else:
		tmp = math.pow(k, m) * a
	return tmp
function code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (m <= 1.35e-11)
		tmp = Float64(a * Float64((k ^ m) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * Float64(k + 10.0)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64((k ^ m) * a);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (m <= 1.35e-11)
		tmp = a * ((k ^ m) / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))));
	else
		tmp = (k ^ m) * a;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, k_, m_] := If[LessEqual[m, 1.35e-11], N[(a * N[(N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(k * N[(k + 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;m \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\
\;\;\;\;a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{k}^{m} \cdot a\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if m < 1.35000000000000002e-11

    1. Initial program 95.6%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*95.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      2. remove-double-neg95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]
      3. distribute-frac-neg295.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac295.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      6. sqr-neg95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]
      7. associate-+l+95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]
      8. sqr-neg95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]
      9. distribute-rgt-out95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    3. Simplified95.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing

    if 1.35000000000000002e-11 < m

    1. Initial program 79.7%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*79.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      2. remove-double-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]
      3. distribute-frac-neg279.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac279.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      6. sqr-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]
      7. associate-+l+79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]
      8. sqr-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]
      9. distribute-rgt-out79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    3. Simplified79.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in k around 0 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot {k}^{m}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification97.0%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{k}^{m} \cdot a\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 96.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot k}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{k}^{m} \cdot a\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= m 1.35e-11) (* a (/ (pow k m) (+ 1.0 (* k k)))) (* (pow k m) a)))
double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 1.35e-11) {
		tmp = a * (pow(k, m) / (1.0 + (k * k)));
	} else {
		tmp = pow(k, m) * a;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (m <= 1.35d-11) then
        tmp = a * ((k ** m) / (1.0d0 + (k * k)))
    else
        tmp = (k ** m) * a
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 1.35e-11) {
		tmp = a * (Math.pow(k, m) / (1.0 + (k * k)));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.pow(k, m) * a;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if m <= 1.35e-11:
		tmp = a * (math.pow(k, m) / (1.0 + (k * k)))
	else:
		tmp = math.pow(k, m) * a
	return tmp
function code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (m <= 1.35e-11)
		tmp = Float64(a * Float64((k ^ m) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * k))));
	else
		tmp = Float64((k ^ m) * a);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (m <= 1.35e-11)
		tmp = a * ((k ^ m) / (1.0 + (k * k)));
	else
		tmp = (k ^ m) * a;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, k_, m_] := If[LessEqual[m, 1.35e-11], N[(a * N[(N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(k * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;m \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\
\;\;\;\;a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot k}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{k}^{m} \cdot a\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if m < 1.35000000000000002e-11

    1. Initial program 95.6%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*95.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      2. remove-double-neg95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]
      3. distribute-frac-neg295.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac295.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      6. sqr-neg95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]
      7. associate-+l+95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]
      8. sqr-neg95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]
      9. distribute-rgt-out95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    3. Simplified95.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in k around inf 94.7%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \color{blue}{k}} \]

    if 1.35000000000000002e-11 < m

    1. Initial program 79.7%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*79.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      2. remove-double-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]
      3. distribute-frac-neg279.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac279.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      6. sqr-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]
      7. associate-+l+79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]
      8. sqr-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]
      9. distribute-rgt-out79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    3. Simplified79.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in k around 0 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot {k}^{m}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification96.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot k}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{k}^{m} \cdot a\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 97.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq -3.8 \cdot 10^{-6} \lor \neg \left(m \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{-11}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;{k}^{m} \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= m -3.8e-6) (not (<= m 1.35e-11)))
   (* (pow k m) a)
   (/ a (+ 1.0 (* k (+ k 10.0))))))
double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((m <= -3.8e-6) || !(m <= 1.35e-11)) {
		tmp = pow(k, m) * a;
	} else {
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((m <= (-3.8d-6)) .or. (.not. (m <= 1.35d-11))) then
        tmp = (k ** m) * a
    else
        tmp = a / (1.0d0 + (k * (k + 10.0d0)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((m <= -3.8e-6) || !(m <= 1.35e-11)) {
		tmp = Math.pow(k, m) * a;
	} else {
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if (m <= -3.8e-6) or not (m <= 1.35e-11):
		tmp = math.pow(k, m) * a
	else:
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)))
	return tmp
function code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((m <= -3.8e-6) || !(m <= 1.35e-11))
		tmp = Float64((k ^ m) * a);
	else
		tmp = Float64(a / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * Float64(k + 10.0))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((m <= -3.8e-6) || ~((m <= 1.35e-11)))
		tmp = (k ^ m) * a;
	else
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, k_, m_] := If[Or[LessEqual[m, -3.8e-6], N[Not[LessEqual[m, 1.35e-11]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision], N[(a / N[(1.0 + N[(k * N[(k + 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;m \leq -3.8 \cdot 10^{-6} \lor \neg \left(m \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{-11}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;{k}^{m} \cdot a\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if m < -3.8e-6 or 1.35000000000000002e-11 < m

    1. Initial program 89.7%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*89.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      2. remove-double-neg89.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]
      3. distribute-frac-neg289.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac289.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg89.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      6. sqr-neg89.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]
      7. associate-+l+89.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]
      8. sqr-neg89.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]
      9. distribute-rgt-out89.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    3. Simplified89.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in k around 0 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot {k}^{m}} \]

    if -3.8e-6 < m < 1.35000000000000002e-11

    1. Initial program 91.7%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*91.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      2. remove-double-neg91.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]
      3. distribute-frac-neg291.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac291.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg91.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      6. sqr-neg91.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]
      7. associate-+l+91.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]
      8. sqr-neg91.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]
      9. distribute-rgt-out91.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    3. Simplified91.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 91.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification96.8%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq -3.8 \cdot 10^{-6} \lor \neg \left(m \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{-11}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;{k}^{m} \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 54.2% accurate, 8.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a + a \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot 99\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= m 1.35e-11)
   (/ a (+ 1.0 (* k (+ k 10.0))))
   (+ a (* a (* k (* k 99.0))))))
double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 1.35e-11) {
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = a + (a * (k * (k * 99.0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (m <= 1.35d-11) then
        tmp = a / (1.0d0 + (k * (k + 10.0d0)))
    else
        tmp = a + (a * (k * (k * 99.0d0)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 1.35e-11) {
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = a + (a * (k * (k * 99.0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if m <= 1.35e-11:
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)))
	else:
		tmp = a + (a * (k * (k * 99.0)))
	return tmp
function code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (m <= 1.35e-11)
		tmp = Float64(a / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * Float64(k + 10.0))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a + Float64(a * Float64(k * Float64(k * 99.0))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (m <= 1.35e-11)
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)));
	else
		tmp = a + (a * (k * (k * 99.0)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, k_, m_] := If[LessEqual[m, 1.35e-11], N[(a / N[(1.0 + N[(k * N[(k + 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a + N[(a * N[(k * N[(k * 99.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;m \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a + a \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot 99\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if m < 1.35000000000000002e-11

    1. Initial program 95.6%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*95.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      2. remove-double-neg95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]
      3. distribute-frac-neg295.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac295.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      6. sqr-neg95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]
      7. associate-+l+95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]
      8. sqr-neg95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]
      9. distribute-rgt-out95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    3. Simplified95.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 65.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

    if 1.35000000000000002e-11 < m

    1. Initial program 79.7%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*79.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      2. remove-double-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]
      3. distribute-frac-neg279.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac279.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      6. sqr-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]
      7. associate-+l+79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]
      8. sqr-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]
      9. distribute-rgt-out79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    3. Simplified79.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 3.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in k around 0 25.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + k \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(a + -100 \cdot a\right)\right) - 10 \cdot a\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. cancel-sign-sub-inv25.6%

        \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(a + -100 \cdot a\right)\right) + \left(-10\right) \cdot a\right)} \]
      2. metadata-eval25.6%

        \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(a + -100 \cdot a\right)\right) + \color{blue}{-10} \cdot a\right) \]
      3. mul-1-neg25.6%

        \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-k \cdot \left(a + -100 \cdot a\right)\right)} + -10 \cdot a\right) \]
      4. distribute-rgt-neg-in25.6%

        \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(-\left(a + -100 \cdot a\right)\right)} + -10 \cdot a\right) \]
      5. distribute-rgt1-in25.6%

        \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\left(-100 + 1\right) \cdot a}\right) + -10 \cdot a\right) \]
      6. distribute-lft-neg-in25.6%

        \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(-100 + 1\right)\right) \cdot a\right)} + -10 \cdot a\right) \]
      7. metadata-eval25.6%

        \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(\left(-\color{blue}{-99}\right) \cdot a\right) + -10 \cdot a\right) \]
      8. metadata-eval25.6%

        \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(\color{blue}{99} \cdot a\right) + -10 \cdot a\right) \]
      9. *-commutative25.6%

        \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(99 \cdot a\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot -10}\right) \]
    8. Simplified25.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(99 \cdot a\right) + a \cdot -10\right)} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in a around 0 32.3%

      \[\leadsto a + \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(99 \cdot k - 10\right)\right)} \]
    10. Taylor expanded in k around inf 32.3%

      \[\leadsto a + a \cdot \left(k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(99 \cdot k\right)}\right) \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative32.3%

        \[\leadsto a + a \cdot \left(k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot 99\right)}\right) \]
    12. Simplified32.3%

      \[\leadsto a + a \cdot \left(k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot 99\right)}\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification54.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a + a \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot 99\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 53.4% accurate, 8.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot k}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a + a \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot 99\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= m 1.35e-11) (/ a (+ 1.0 (* k k))) (+ a (* a (* k (* k 99.0))))))
double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 1.35e-11) {
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * k));
	} else {
		tmp = a + (a * (k * (k * 99.0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (m <= 1.35d-11) then
        tmp = a / (1.0d0 + (k * k))
    else
        tmp = a + (a * (k * (k * 99.0d0)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 1.35e-11) {
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * k));
	} else {
		tmp = a + (a * (k * (k * 99.0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if m <= 1.35e-11:
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * k))
	else:
		tmp = a + (a * (k * (k * 99.0)))
	return tmp
function code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (m <= 1.35e-11)
		tmp = Float64(a / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * k)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a + Float64(a * Float64(k * Float64(k * 99.0))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (m <= 1.35e-11)
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * k));
	else
		tmp = a + (a * (k * (k * 99.0)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, k_, m_] := If[LessEqual[m, 1.35e-11], N[(a / N[(1.0 + N[(k * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a + N[(a * N[(k * N[(k * 99.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;m \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot k}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a + a \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot 99\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if m < 1.35000000000000002e-11

    1. Initial program 95.6%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*95.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      2. remove-double-neg95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]
      3. distribute-frac-neg295.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac295.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      6. sqr-neg95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]
      7. associate-+l+95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]
      8. sqr-neg95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]
      9. distribute-rgt-out95.6%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    3. Simplified95.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 65.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in k around inf 64.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \color{blue}{k}} \]

    if 1.35000000000000002e-11 < m

    1. Initial program 79.7%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*79.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      2. remove-double-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]
      3. distribute-frac-neg279.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac279.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
      6. sqr-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]
      7. associate-+l+79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]
      8. sqr-neg79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]
      9. distribute-rgt-out79.7%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    3. Simplified79.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 3.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in k around 0 25.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + k \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(a + -100 \cdot a\right)\right) - 10 \cdot a\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. cancel-sign-sub-inv25.6%

        \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(a + -100 \cdot a\right)\right) + \left(-10\right) \cdot a\right)} \]
      2. metadata-eval25.6%

        \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(a + -100 \cdot a\right)\right) + \color{blue}{-10} \cdot a\right) \]
      3. mul-1-neg25.6%

        \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-k \cdot \left(a + -100 \cdot a\right)\right)} + -10 \cdot a\right) \]
      4. distribute-rgt-neg-in25.6%

        \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(-\left(a + -100 \cdot a\right)\right)} + -10 \cdot a\right) \]
      5. distribute-rgt1-in25.6%

        \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\left(-100 + 1\right) \cdot a}\right) + -10 \cdot a\right) \]
      6. distribute-lft-neg-in25.6%

        \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(-100 + 1\right)\right) \cdot a\right)} + -10 \cdot a\right) \]
      7. metadata-eval25.6%

        \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(\left(-\color{blue}{-99}\right) \cdot a\right) + -10 \cdot a\right) \]
      8. metadata-eval25.6%

        \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(\color{blue}{99} \cdot a\right) + -10 \cdot a\right) \]
      9. *-commutative25.6%

        \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(99 \cdot a\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot -10}\right) \]
    8. Simplified25.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(99 \cdot a\right) + a \cdot -10\right)} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in a around 0 32.3%

      \[\leadsto a + \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(99 \cdot k - 10\right)\right)} \]
    10. Taylor expanded in k around inf 32.3%

      \[\leadsto a + a \cdot \left(k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(99 \cdot k\right)}\right) \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative32.3%

        \[\leadsto a + a \cdot \left(k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot 99\right)}\right) \]
    12. Simplified32.3%

      \[\leadsto a + a \cdot \left(k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot 99\right)}\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 43.6% accurate, 16.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{a}{1 + k \cdot k} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a k m) :precision binary64 (/ a (+ 1.0 (* k k))))
double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return a / (1.0 + (k * k));
}
real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    code = a / (1.0d0 + (k * k))
end function
public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return a / (1.0 + (k * k));
}
def code(a, k, m):
	return a / (1.0 + (k * k))
function code(a, k, m)
	return Float64(a / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * k)))
end
function tmp = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * k));
end
code[a_, k_, m_] := N[(a / N[(1.0 + N[(k * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot k}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 90.4%

    \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*90.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
    2. remove-double-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]
    3. distribute-frac-neg290.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]
    4. distribute-neg-frac290.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
    5. remove-double-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
    6. sqr-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]
    7. associate-+l+90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]
    8. sqr-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]
    9. distribute-rgt-out90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
  3. Simplified90.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 45.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in k around inf 44.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \color{blue}{k}} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 27.9% accurate, 16.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{a}{1 + k \cdot 10} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a k m) :precision binary64 (/ a (+ 1.0 (* k 10.0))))
double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return a / (1.0 + (k * 10.0));
}
real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    code = a / (1.0d0 + (k * 10.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return a / (1.0 + (k * 10.0));
}
def code(a, k, m):
	return a / (1.0 + (k * 10.0))
function code(a, k, m)
	return Float64(a / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * 10.0)))
end
function tmp = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * 10.0));
end
code[a_, k_, m_] := N[(a / N[(1.0 + N[(k * 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot 10}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 90.4%

    \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*90.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
    2. remove-double-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]
    3. distribute-frac-neg290.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]
    4. distribute-neg-frac290.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
    5. remove-double-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
    6. sqr-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]
    7. associate-+l+90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]
    8. sqr-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]
    9. distribute-rgt-out90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
  3. Simplified90.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 45.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in k around 0 28.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{a}{1 + \color{blue}{10 \cdot k}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative28.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{a}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot 10}} \]
  8. Simplified28.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{a}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot 10}} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 20.8% accurate, 16.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ a + -10 \cdot \left(k \cdot a\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a k m) :precision binary64 (+ a (* -10.0 (* k a))))
double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return a + (-10.0 * (k * a));
}
real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    code = a + ((-10.0d0) * (k * a))
end function
public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return a + (-10.0 * (k * a));
}
def code(a, k, m):
	return a + (-10.0 * (k * a))
function code(a, k, m)
	return Float64(a + Float64(-10.0 * Float64(k * a)))
end
function tmp = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = a + (-10.0 * (k * a));
end
code[a_, k_, m_] := N[(a + N[(-10.0 * N[(k * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
a + -10 \cdot \left(k \cdot a\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 90.4%

    \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*90.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
    2. remove-double-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]
    3. distribute-frac-neg290.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]
    4. distribute-neg-frac290.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
    5. remove-double-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
    6. sqr-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]
    7. associate-+l+90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]
    8. sqr-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]
    9. distribute-rgt-out90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
  3. Simplified90.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 45.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in k around 0 22.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -10 \cdot \left(a \cdot k\right)} \]
  7. Final simplification22.2%

    \[\leadsto a + -10 \cdot \left(k \cdot a\right) \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 19.9% accurate, 114.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ a \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a k m) :precision binary64 a)
double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return a;
}
real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    code = a
end function
public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return a;
}
def code(a, k, m):
	return a
function code(a, k, m)
	return a
end
function tmp = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = a;
end
code[a_, k_, m_] := a
\begin{array}{l}

\\
a
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 90.4%

    \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*90.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
    2. remove-double-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]
    3. distribute-frac-neg290.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]
    4. distribute-neg-frac290.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
    5. remove-double-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]
    6. sqr-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]
    7. associate-+l+90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]
    8. sqr-neg90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]
    9. distribute-rgt-out90.4%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
  3. Simplified90.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in k around 0 83.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot {k}^{m}} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in m around 0 21.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024158 
(FPCore (a k m)
  :name "Falkner and Boettcher, Appendix A"
  :precision binary64
  (/ (* a (pow k m)) (+ (+ 1.0 (* 10.0 k)) (* k k))))