Graphics.Rendering.Chart.Backend.Diagrams:calcFontMetrics from Chart-diagrams-1.5.1, A

Percentage Accurate: 88.1% → 99.7%
Time: 7.6s
Alternatives: 9
Speedup: 0.3×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (/ (+ x y) (- 1.0 (/ y z))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    code = (x + y) / (1.0d0 - (y / z))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
}
def code(x, y, z):
	return (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z))
function code(x, y, z)
	return Float64(Float64(x + y) / Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / z)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(y / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 9 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 88.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (/ (+ x y) (- 1.0 (/ y z))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    code = (x + y) / (1.0d0 - (y / z))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
}
def code(x, y, z):
	return (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z))
function code(x, y, z)
	return Float64(Float64(x + y) / Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / z)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(y / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.7% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-264} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 0\right):\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;z \cdot \frac{x + y}{-y}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (+ x y) (- 1.0 (/ y z)))))
   (if (or (<= t_0 -1e-264) (not (<= t_0 0.0))) t_0 (* z (/ (+ x y) (- y))))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double t_0 = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
	double tmp;
	if ((t_0 <= -1e-264) || !(t_0 <= 0.0)) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = z * ((x + y) / -y);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = (x + y) / (1.0d0 - (y / z))
    if ((t_0 <= (-1d-264)) .or. (.not. (t_0 <= 0.0d0))) then
        tmp = t_0
    else
        tmp = z * ((x + y) / -y)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double t_0 = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
	double tmp;
	if ((t_0 <= -1e-264) || !(t_0 <= 0.0)) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = z * ((x + y) / -y);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z):
	t_0 = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z))
	tmp = 0
	if (t_0 <= -1e-264) or not (t_0 <= 0.0):
		tmp = t_0
	else:
		tmp = z * ((x + y) / -y)
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(x + y) / Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / z)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((t_0 <= -1e-264) || !(t_0 <= 0.0))
		tmp = t_0;
	else
		tmp = Float64(z * Float64(Float64(x + y) / Float64(-y)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
	t_0 = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((t_0 <= -1e-264) || ~((t_0 <= 0.0)))
		tmp = t_0;
	else
		tmp = z * ((x + y) / -y);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(y / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Or[LessEqual[t$95$0, -1e-264], N[Not[LessEqual[t$95$0, 0.0]], $MachinePrecision]], t$95$0, N[(z * N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] / (-y)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-264} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 0\right):\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;z \cdot \frac{x + y}{-y}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (/.f64 (+.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 y z))) < -1e-264 or 0.0 < (/.f64 (+.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 y z)))

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing

    if -1e-264 < (/.f64 (+.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 y z))) < 0.0

    1. Initial program 9.7%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in z around 0 97.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{z \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{y}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-neg97.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{z \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{y}} \]
      2. associate-/l*100.0%

        \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{x + y}{y}} \]
      3. distribute-rgt-neg-in100.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot \left(-\frac{x + y}{y}\right)} \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac2100.0%

        \[\leadsto z \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x + y}{-y}} \]
      5. +-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto z \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{y + x}}{-y} \]
    5. Simplified100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{y + x}{-y}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification99.8%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-264} \lor \neg \left(\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \leq 0\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;z \cdot \frac{x + y}{-y}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 75.5% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := z \cdot \frac{x + y}{-y}\\ \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -7.2 \cdot 10^{-9}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq -3.4 \cdot 10^{-93}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + y\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 62000000:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* z (/ (+ x y) (- y)))))
   (if (<= y -7.2e-9)
     t_0
     (if (<= y -3.4e-93)
       (+ x y)
       (if (<= y 62000000.0) (/ x (- 1.0 (/ y z))) t_0)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double t_0 = z * ((x + y) / -y);
	double tmp;
	if (y <= -7.2e-9) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (y <= -3.4e-93) {
		tmp = x + y;
	} else if (y <= 62000000.0) {
		tmp = x / (1.0 - (y / z));
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = z * ((x + y) / -y)
    if (y <= (-7.2d-9)) then
        tmp = t_0
    else if (y <= (-3.4d-93)) then
        tmp = x + y
    else if (y <= 62000000.0d0) then
        tmp = x / (1.0d0 - (y / z))
    else
        tmp = t_0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double t_0 = z * ((x + y) / -y);
	double tmp;
	if (y <= -7.2e-9) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (y <= -3.4e-93) {
		tmp = x + y;
	} else if (y <= 62000000.0) {
		tmp = x / (1.0 - (y / z));
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z):
	t_0 = z * ((x + y) / -y)
	tmp = 0
	if y <= -7.2e-9:
		tmp = t_0
	elif y <= -3.4e-93:
		tmp = x + y
	elif y <= 62000000.0:
		tmp = x / (1.0 - (y / z))
	else:
		tmp = t_0
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z)
	t_0 = Float64(z * Float64(Float64(x + y) / Float64(-y)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (y <= -7.2e-9)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (y <= -3.4e-93)
		tmp = Float64(x + y);
	elseif (y <= 62000000.0)
		tmp = Float64(x / Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / z)));
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
	t_0 = z * ((x + y) / -y);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (y <= -7.2e-9)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (y <= -3.4e-93)
		tmp = x + y;
	elseif (y <= 62000000.0)
		tmp = x / (1.0 - (y / z));
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(z * N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] / (-y)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[y, -7.2e-9], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[y, -3.4e-93], N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[y, 62000000.0], N[(x / N[(1.0 - N[(y / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := z \cdot \frac{x + y}{-y}\\
\mathbf{if}\;y \leq -7.2 \cdot 10^{-9}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0\\

\mathbf{elif}\;y \leq -3.4 \cdot 10^{-93}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + y\\

\mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 62000000:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if y < -7.2e-9 or 6.2e7 < y

    1. Initial program 77.1%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in z around 0 67.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{z \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{y}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-neg67.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{z \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{y}} \]
      2. associate-/l*81.6%

        \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{x + y}{y}} \]
      3. distribute-rgt-neg-in81.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot \left(-\frac{x + y}{y}\right)} \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac281.6%

        \[\leadsto z \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x + y}{-y}} \]
      5. +-commutative81.6%

        \[\leadsto z \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{y + x}}{-y} \]
    5. Simplified81.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{y + x}{-y}} \]

    if -7.2e-9 < y < -3.40000000000000001e-93

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in z around inf 85.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + y} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative85.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
    5. Simplified85.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]

    if -3.40000000000000001e-93 < y < 6.2e7

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 79.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification80.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -7.2 \cdot 10^{-9}:\\ \;\;\;\;z \cdot \frac{x + y}{-y}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq -3.4 \cdot 10^{-93}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + y\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 62000000:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;z \cdot \frac{x + y}{-y}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 67.6% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -8.2 \cdot 10^{+58}:\\ \;\;\;\;-z\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq -1.4 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{z \cdot \left(-x\right)}{y}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 5.2 \cdot 10^{+43}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-z\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= y -8.2e+58)
   (- z)
   (if (<= y -1.4e-7) (/ (* z (- x)) y) (if (<= y 5.2e+43) (+ x y) (- z)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if (y <= -8.2e+58) {
		tmp = -z;
	} else if (y <= -1.4e-7) {
		tmp = (z * -x) / y;
	} else if (y <= 5.2e+43) {
		tmp = x + y;
	} else {
		tmp = -z;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (y <= (-8.2d+58)) then
        tmp = -z
    else if (y <= (-1.4d-7)) then
        tmp = (z * -x) / y
    else if (y <= 5.2d+43) then
        tmp = x + y
    else
        tmp = -z
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if (y <= -8.2e+58) {
		tmp = -z;
	} else if (y <= -1.4e-7) {
		tmp = (z * -x) / y;
	} else if (y <= 5.2e+43) {
		tmp = x + y;
	} else {
		tmp = -z;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z):
	tmp = 0
	if y <= -8.2e+58:
		tmp = -z
	elif y <= -1.4e-7:
		tmp = (z * -x) / y
	elif y <= 5.2e+43:
		tmp = x + y
	else:
		tmp = -z
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (y <= -8.2e+58)
		tmp = Float64(-z);
	elseif (y <= -1.4e-7)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(z * Float64(-x)) / y);
	elseif (y <= 5.2e+43)
		tmp = Float64(x + y);
	else
		tmp = Float64(-z);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (y <= -8.2e+58)
		tmp = -z;
	elseif (y <= -1.4e-7)
		tmp = (z * -x) / y;
	elseif (y <= 5.2e+43)
		tmp = x + y;
	else
		tmp = -z;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := If[LessEqual[y, -8.2e+58], (-z), If[LessEqual[y, -1.4e-7], N[(N[(z * (-x)), $MachinePrecision] / y), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[y, 5.2e+43], N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision], (-z)]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;y \leq -8.2 \cdot 10^{+58}:\\
\;\;\;\;-z\\

\mathbf{elif}\;y \leq -1.4 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{z \cdot \left(-x\right)}{y}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 5.2 \cdot 10^{+43}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + y\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-z\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if y < -8.2e58 or 5.20000000000000042e43 < y

    1. Initial program 72.7%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in y around inf 71.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-171.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-z} \]
    5. Simplified71.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-z} \]

    if -8.2e58 < y < -1.4000000000000001e-7

    1. Initial program 94.0%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in z around 0 76.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{z \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{y}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/76.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)}{y}} \]
      2. *-commutative76.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)}}{y} \]
      3. associate-*r*76.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right) \cdot z}}{y} \]
      4. neg-mul-176.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\left(x + y\right)\right)} \cdot z}{y} \]
      5. distribute-neg-in76.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) + \left(-y\right)\right)} \cdot z}{y} \]
      6. unsub-neg76.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) - y\right)} \cdot z}{y} \]
    5. Simplified76.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\left(-x\right) - y\right) \cdot z}{y}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in x around inf 53.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(x \cdot z\right)}}{y} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*53.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot x\right) \cdot z}}{y} \]
      2. mul-1-neg53.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right)} \cdot z}{y} \]
    8. Simplified53.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right) \cdot z}}{y} \]

    if -1.4000000000000001e-7 < y < 5.20000000000000042e43

    1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in z around inf 70.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + y} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative70.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
    5. Simplified70.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification69.7%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -8.2 \cdot 10^{+58}:\\ \;\;\;\;-z\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq -1.4 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{z \cdot \left(-x\right)}{y}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 5.2 \cdot 10^{+43}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-z\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 67.3% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 1 - \frac{y}{z}\\ \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -510000000000 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-6}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{t\_0}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{y}{t\_0}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (- 1.0 (/ y z))))
   (if (or (<= x -510000000000.0) (not (<= x 4e-6))) (/ x t_0) (/ y t_0))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double t_0 = 1.0 - (y / z);
	double tmp;
	if ((x <= -510000000000.0) || !(x <= 4e-6)) {
		tmp = x / t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = y / t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = 1.0d0 - (y / z)
    if ((x <= (-510000000000.0d0)) .or. (.not. (x <= 4d-6))) then
        tmp = x / t_0
    else
        tmp = y / t_0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double t_0 = 1.0 - (y / z);
	double tmp;
	if ((x <= -510000000000.0) || !(x <= 4e-6)) {
		tmp = x / t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = y / t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z):
	t_0 = 1.0 - (y / z)
	tmp = 0
	if (x <= -510000000000.0) or not (x <= 4e-6):
		tmp = x / t_0
	else:
		tmp = y / t_0
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z)
	t_0 = Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / z))
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((x <= -510000000000.0) || !(x <= 4e-6))
		tmp = Float64(x / t_0);
	else
		tmp = Float64(y / t_0);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
	t_0 = 1.0 - (y / z);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((x <= -510000000000.0) || ~((x <= 4e-6)))
		tmp = x / t_0;
	else
		tmp = y / t_0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(1.0 - N[(y / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Or[LessEqual[x, -510000000000.0], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 4e-6]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(x / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision], N[(y / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 1 - \frac{y}{z}\\
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -510000000000 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-6}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{t\_0}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{y}{t\_0}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < -5.1e11 or 3.99999999999999982e-6 < x

    1. Initial program 88.8%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 77.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}} \]

    if -5.1e11 < x < 3.99999999999999982e-6

    1. Initial program 88.3%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0 70.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification73.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -510000000000 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-6}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 68.6% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1.56 \cdot 10^{+57} \lor \neg \left(y \leq 5.2 \cdot 10^{+43}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;-z\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= y -1.56e+57) (not (<= y 5.2e+43))) (- z) (/ x (- 1.0 (/ y z)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if ((y <= -1.56e+57) || !(y <= 5.2e+43)) {
		tmp = -z;
	} else {
		tmp = x / (1.0 - (y / z));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((y <= (-1.56d+57)) .or. (.not. (y <= 5.2d+43))) then
        tmp = -z
    else
        tmp = x / (1.0d0 - (y / z))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if ((y <= -1.56e+57) || !(y <= 5.2e+43)) {
		tmp = -z;
	} else {
		tmp = x / (1.0 - (y / z));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z):
	tmp = 0
	if (y <= -1.56e+57) or not (y <= 5.2e+43):
		tmp = -z
	else:
		tmp = x / (1.0 - (y / z))
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((y <= -1.56e+57) || !(y <= 5.2e+43))
		tmp = Float64(-z);
	else
		tmp = Float64(x / Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / z)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((y <= -1.56e+57) || ~((y <= 5.2e+43)))
		tmp = -z;
	else
		tmp = x / (1.0 - (y / z));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := If[Or[LessEqual[y, -1.56e+57], N[Not[LessEqual[y, 5.2e+43]], $MachinePrecision]], (-z), N[(x / N[(1.0 - N[(y / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1.56 \cdot 10^{+57} \lor \neg \left(y \leq 5.2 \cdot 10^{+43}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;-z\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if y < -1.55999999999999998e57 or 5.20000000000000042e43 < y

    1. Initial program 72.7%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in y around inf 71.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-171.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-z} \]
    5. Simplified71.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-z} \]

    if -1.55999999999999998e57 < y < 5.20000000000000042e43

    1. Initial program 99.3%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 73.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification72.8%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1.56 \cdot 10^{+57} \lor \neg \left(y \leq 5.2 \cdot 10^{+43}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;-z\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 68.2% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -35000000000000 \lor \neg \left(y \leq 2.8 \cdot 10^{+43}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;-z\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + y\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= y -35000000000000.0) (not (<= y 2.8e+43))) (- z) (+ x y)))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if ((y <= -35000000000000.0) || !(y <= 2.8e+43)) {
		tmp = -z;
	} else {
		tmp = x + y;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((y <= (-35000000000000.0d0)) .or. (.not. (y <= 2.8d+43))) then
        tmp = -z
    else
        tmp = x + y
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if ((y <= -35000000000000.0) || !(y <= 2.8e+43)) {
		tmp = -z;
	} else {
		tmp = x + y;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z):
	tmp = 0
	if (y <= -35000000000000.0) or not (y <= 2.8e+43):
		tmp = -z
	else:
		tmp = x + y
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((y <= -35000000000000.0) || !(y <= 2.8e+43))
		tmp = Float64(-z);
	else
		tmp = Float64(x + y);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((y <= -35000000000000.0) || ~((y <= 2.8e+43)))
		tmp = -z;
	else
		tmp = x + y;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := If[Or[LessEqual[y, -35000000000000.0], N[Not[LessEqual[y, 2.8e+43]], $MachinePrecision]], (-z), N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;y \leq -35000000000000 \lor \neg \left(y \leq 2.8 \cdot 10^{+43}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;-z\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + y\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if y < -3.5e13 or 2.80000000000000019e43 < y

    1. Initial program 74.7%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in y around inf 66.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-166.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-z} \]
    5. Simplified66.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-z} \]

    if -3.5e13 < y < 2.80000000000000019e43

    1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in z around inf 69.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + y} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative69.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
    5. Simplified69.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification68.2%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -35000000000000 \lor \neg \left(y \leq 2.8 \cdot 10^{+43}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;-z\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + y\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 59.2% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -3.6 \cdot 10^{-7} \lor \neg \left(y \leq 820000\right):\\ \;\;\;\;-z\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= y -3.6e-7) (not (<= y 820000.0))) (- z) x))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if ((y <= -3.6e-7) || !(y <= 820000.0)) {
		tmp = -z;
	} else {
		tmp = x;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((y <= (-3.6d-7)) .or. (.not. (y <= 820000.0d0))) then
        tmp = -z
    else
        tmp = x
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if ((y <= -3.6e-7) || !(y <= 820000.0)) {
		tmp = -z;
	} else {
		tmp = x;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z):
	tmp = 0
	if (y <= -3.6e-7) or not (y <= 820000.0):
		tmp = -z
	else:
		tmp = x
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((y <= -3.6e-7) || !(y <= 820000.0))
		tmp = Float64(-z);
	else
		tmp = x;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((y <= -3.6e-7) || ~((y <= 820000.0)))
		tmp = -z;
	else
		tmp = x;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := If[Or[LessEqual[y, -3.6e-7], N[Not[LessEqual[y, 820000.0]], $MachinePrecision]], (-z), x]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;y \leq -3.6 \cdot 10^{-7} \lor \neg \left(y \leq 820000\right):\\
\;\;\;\;-z\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if y < -3.59999999999999994e-7 or 8.2e5 < y

    1. Initial program 77.3%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in y around inf 62.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-162.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-z} \]
    5. Simplified62.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-z} \]

    if -3.59999999999999994e-7 < y < 8.2e5

    1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in y around 0 56.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification59.4%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -3.6 \cdot 10^{-7} \lor \neg \left(y \leq 820000\right):\\ \;\;\;\;-z\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 40.8% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5.5 \cdot 10^{-175}:\\ \;\;\;\;x\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 8.6 \cdot 10^{-108}:\\ \;\;\;\;y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x -5.5e-175) x (if (<= x 8.6e-108) y x)))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -5.5e-175) {
		tmp = x;
	} else if (x <= 8.6e-108) {
		tmp = y;
	} else {
		tmp = x;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x <= (-5.5d-175)) then
        tmp = x
    else if (x <= 8.6d-108) then
        tmp = y
    else
        tmp = x
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -5.5e-175) {
		tmp = x;
	} else if (x <= 8.6e-108) {
		tmp = y;
	} else {
		tmp = x;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= -5.5e-175:
		tmp = x
	elif x <= 8.6e-108:
		tmp = y
	else:
		tmp = x
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= -5.5e-175)
		tmp = x;
	elseif (x <= 8.6e-108)
		tmp = y;
	else
		tmp = x;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= -5.5e-175)
		tmp = x;
	elseif (x <= 8.6e-108)
		tmp = y;
	else
		tmp = x;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := If[LessEqual[x, -5.5e-175], x, If[LessEqual[x, 8.6e-108], y, x]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5.5 \cdot 10^{-175}:\\
\;\;\;\;x\\

\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 8.6 \cdot 10^{-108}:\\
\;\;\;\;y\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < -5.50000000000000054e-175 or 8.6000000000000001e-108 < x

    1. Initial program 87.7%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in y around 0 39.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} \]

    if -5.50000000000000054e-175 < x < 8.6000000000000001e-108

    1. Initial program 91.2%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0 82.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in y around 0 41.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 34.9% accurate, 9.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 x)
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return x;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    code = x
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return x;
}
def code(x, y, z):
	return x
function code(x, y, z)
	return x
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = x;
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := x
\begin{array}{l}

\\
x
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 88.6%

    \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in y around 0 32.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing

Developer Target 1: 93.6% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{y + x}{-y} \cdot z\\ \mathbf{if}\;y < -3.7429310762689856 \cdot 10^{+171}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y < 3.5534662456086734 \cdot 10^{+168}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ (+ y x) (- y)) z)))
   (if (< y -3.7429310762689856e+171)
     t_0
     (if (< y 3.5534662456086734e+168) (/ (+ x y) (- 1.0 (/ y z))) t_0))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double t_0 = ((y + x) / -y) * z;
	double tmp;
	if (y < -3.7429310762689856e+171) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (y < 3.5534662456086734e+168) {
		tmp = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = ((y + x) / -y) * z
    if (y < (-3.7429310762689856d+171)) then
        tmp = t_0
    else if (y < 3.5534662456086734d+168) then
        tmp = (x + y) / (1.0d0 - (y / z))
    else
        tmp = t_0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double t_0 = ((y + x) / -y) * z;
	double tmp;
	if (y < -3.7429310762689856e+171) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (y < 3.5534662456086734e+168) {
		tmp = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z):
	t_0 = ((y + x) / -y) * z
	tmp = 0
	if y < -3.7429310762689856e+171:
		tmp = t_0
	elif y < 3.5534662456086734e+168:
		tmp = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z))
	else:
		tmp = t_0
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(y + x) / Float64(-y)) * z)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (y < -3.7429310762689856e+171)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (y < 3.5534662456086734e+168)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(x + y) / Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / z)));
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
	t_0 = ((y + x) / -y) * z;
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (y < -3.7429310762689856e+171)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (y < 3.5534662456086734e+168)
		tmp = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision] / (-y)), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[y, -3.7429310762689856e+171], t$95$0, If[Less[y, 3.5534662456086734e+168], N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(y / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{y + x}{-y} \cdot z\\
\mathbf{if}\;y < -3.7429310762689856 \cdot 10^{+171}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0\\

\mathbf{elif}\;y < 3.5534662456086734 \cdot 10^{+168}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0\\


\end{array}
\end{array}

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024157 
(FPCore (x y z)
  :name "Graphics.Rendering.Chart.Backend.Diagrams:calcFontMetrics from Chart-diagrams-1.5.1, A"
  :precision binary64

  :alt
  (! :herbie-platform default (if (< y -3742931076268985600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) (* (/ (+ y x) (- y)) z) (if (< y 3553466245608673400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) (/ (+ x y) (- 1 (/ y z))) (* (/ (+ y x) (- y)) z))))

  (/ (+ x y) (- 1.0 (/ y z))))