Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (13)

Percentage Accurate: 24.5% → 55.0%
Time: 28.2s
Alternatives: 4
Speedup: 151.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
   (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (c0 * (d_1 * d_1)) / ((w * h) * (d * d))
    code = (c0 / (2.0d0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (m * m))))
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	return Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M)))))
end
function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 4 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 24.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
   (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (c0 * (d_1 * d_1)) / ((w * h) * (d * d))
    code = (c0 / (2.0d0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (m * m))))
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	return Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M)))))
end
function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 55.0% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ t_1 := \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D))))
        (t_1 (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))))
   (if (<= t_1 INFINITY) t_1 0.0)))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	double t_1 = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = 0.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	double t_1 = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = 0.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	t_1 = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))
	tmp = 0
	if t_1 <= math.inf:
		tmp = t_1
	else:
		tmp = 0.0
	return tmp
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M)))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= Inf)
		tmp = t_1;
	else
		tmp = 0.0;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	t_1 = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_1 <= Inf)
		tmp = t_1;
	else
		tmp = 0.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, Infinity], t$95$1, 0.0]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
t_1 := \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq \infty:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0

    1. Initial program 79.8%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing

    if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M)))))

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Simplified22.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c0 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c0, d \cdot \frac{d}{D \cdot \left(w \cdot \left(h \cdot D\right)\right)}, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(c0, d \cdot \frac{d}{D \cdot \left(w \cdot \left(h \cdot D\right)\right)}, M\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{D \cdot \left(w \cdot \left(h \cdot D\right)\right)}\right) - M\right)}\right)}{2 \cdot w}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Applied egg-rr14.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf 0.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-neg0.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)} \]
      2. associate-/r*2.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}}\right) \]
      3. associate-/l*2.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(-\frac{\color{blue}{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
    7. Simplified2.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right)} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. fma-define2.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}, \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(-\frac{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right)\right)} \]
      2. associate-*l/1.4%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}, \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(-\frac{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right)\right) \]
      3. distribute-rgt-neg-out1.4%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \color{blue}{-\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}}\right) \]
      4. pow21.4%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{d \cdot d}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
      5. pow21.4%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{\color{blue}{D \cdot D}}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
      6. frac-times1.4%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}\right)}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
      7. pow21.4%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
      8. *-commutative1.4%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{w \cdot h}}\right) \]
      9. fmm-undef3.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right) - \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}} \]
    9. Applied egg-rr3.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot \frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} - \left(c0 \cdot \frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-inverses34.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
    11. Simplified34.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 33.0% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\\ t_1 := t\_0 \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\\ \mathbf{if}\;M \cdot M \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-302}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;M \cdot M \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-187} \lor \neg \left(M \cdot M \leq 4 \cdot 10^{+27}\right) \land M \cdot M \leq 4 \cdot 10^{+188}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\sqrt{t\_1 \cdot t\_1 - M \cdot M} + t\_0 \cdot \left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ c0 (* w h))) (t_1 (* t_0 (/ (* d d) (* D D)))))
   (if (<= (* M M) 2e-302)
     0.0
     (if (or (<= (* M M) 5e-187)
             (and (not (<= (* M M) 4e+27)) (<= (* M M) 4e+188)))
       (*
        (/ c0 (* 2.0 w))
        (+ (sqrt (- (* t_1 t_1) (* M M))) (* t_0 (* (/ d D) (/ d D)))))
       0.0))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = c0 / (w * h);
	double t_1 = t_0 * ((d * d) / (D * D));
	double tmp;
	if ((M * M) <= 2e-302) {
		tmp = 0.0;
	} else if (((M * M) <= 5e-187) || (!((M * M) <= 4e+27) && ((M * M) <= 4e+188))) {
		tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (M * M))) + (t_0 * ((d / D) * (d / D))));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = c0 / (w * h)
    t_1 = t_0 * ((d_1 * d_1) / (d * d))
    if ((m * m) <= 2d-302) then
        tmp = 0.0d0
    else if (((m * m) <= 5d-187) .or. (.not. ((m * m) <= 4d+27)) .and. ((m * m) <= 4d+188)) then
        tmp = (c0 / (2.0d0 * w)) * (sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (m * m))) + (t_0 * ((d_1 / d) * (d_1 / d))))
    else
        tmp = 0.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = c0 / (w * h);
	double t_1 = t_0 * ((d * d) / (D * D));
	double tmp;
	if ((M * M) <= 2e-302) {
		tmp = 0.0;
	} else if (((M * M) <= 5e-187) || (!((M * M) <= 4e+27) && ((M * M) <= 4e+188))) {
		tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (Math.sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (M * M))) + (t_0 * ((d / D) * (d / D))));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = c0 / (w * h)
	t_1 = t_0 * ((d * d) / (D * D))
	tmp = 0
	if (M * M) <= 2e-302:
		tmp = 0.0
	elif ((M * M) <= 5e-187) or (not ((M * M) <= 4e+27) and ((M * M) <= 4e+188)):
		tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (math.sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (M * M))) + (t_0 * ((d / D) * (d / D))))
	else:
		tmp = 0.0
	return tmp
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(c0 / Float64(w * h))
	t_1 = Float64(t_0 * Float64(Float64(d * d) / Float64(D * D)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(M * M) <= 2e-302)
		tmp = 0.0;
	elseif ((Float64(M * M) <= 5e-187) || (!(Float64(M * M) <= 4e+27) && (Float64(M * M) <= 4e+188)))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_1 * t_1) - Float64(M * M))) + Float64(t_0 * Float64(Float64(d / D) * Float64(d / D)))));
	else
		tmp = 0.0;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = c0 / (w * h);
	t_1 = t_0 * ((d * d) / (D * D));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((M * M) <= 2e-302)
		tmp = 0.0;
	elseif (((M * M) <= 5e-187) || (~(((M * M) <= 4e+27)) && ((M * M) <= 4e+188)))
		tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (M * M))) + (t_0 * ((d / D) * (d / D))));
	else
		tmp = 0.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(c0 / N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(t$95$0 * N[(N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision] / N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision], 2e-302], 0.0, If[Or[LessEqual[N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision], 5e-187], And[N[Not[LessEqual[N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision], 4e+27]], $MachinePrecision], LessEqual[N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision], 4e+188]]], N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(t$95$0 * N[(N[(d / D), $MachinePrecision] * N[(d / D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.0]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\\
t_1 := t\_0 \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\\
\mathbf{if}\;M \cdot M \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-302}:\\
\;\;\;\;0\\

\mathbf{elif}\;M \cdot M \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-187} \lor \neg \left(M \cdot M \leq 4 \cdot 10^{+27}\right) \land M \cdot M \leq 4 \cdot 10^{+188}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\sqrt{t\_1 \cdot t\_1 - M \cdot M} + t\_0 \cdot \left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 M M) < 1.9999999999999999e-302 or 4.9999999999999996e-187 < (*.f64 M M) < 4.0000000000000001e27 or 4.0000000000000001e188 < (*.f64 M M)

    1. Initial program 16.7%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Simplified34.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c0 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c0, d \cdot \frac{d}{D \cdot \left(w \cdot \left(h \cdot D\right)\right)}, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(c0, d \cdot \frac{d}{D \cdot \left(w \cdot \left(h \cdot D\right)\right)}, M\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{D \cdot \left(w \cdot \left(h \cdot D\right)\right)}\right) - M\right)}\right)}{2 \cdot w}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Applied egg-rr27.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf 1.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-neg1.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)} \]
      2. associate-/r*3.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}}\right) \]
      3. associate-/l*3.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(-\frac{\color{blue}{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
    7. Simplified3.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right)} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. fma-define3.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}, \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(-\frac{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right)\right)} \]
      2. associate-*l/2.5%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}, \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(-\frac{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right)\right) \]
      3. distribute-rgt-neg-out2.5%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \color{blue}{-\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}}\right) \]
      4. pow22.5%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{d \cdot d}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
      5. pow22.5%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{\color{blue}{D \cdot D}}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
      6. frac-times2.6%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}\right)}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
      7. pow22.6%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
      8. *-commutative2.6%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{w \cdot h}}\right) \]
      9. fmm-undef5.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right) - \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}} \]
    9. Applied egg-rr6.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot \frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} - \left(c0 \cdot \frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-inverses33.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
    11. Simplified33.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]

    if 1.9999999999999999e-302 < (*.f64 M M) < 4.9999999999999996e-187 or 4.0000000000000001e27 < (*.f64 M M) < 4.0000000000000001e188

    1. Initial program 52.0%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Simplified52.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac52.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}\right)} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    5. Applied egg-rr52.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}\right)} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification37.6%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;M \cdot M \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-302}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;M \cdot M \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-187} \lor \neg \left(M \cdot M \leq 4 \cdot 10^{+27}\right) \land M \cdot M \leq 4 \cdot 10^{+188}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M} + \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 29.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\\ \mathbf{if}\;w \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-283}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ c0 (* w h)) (/ (* d d) (* D D)))))
   (if (<= w -4e-283)
     (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))
     0.0)))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 / (w * h)) * ((d * d) / (D * D));
	double tmp;
	if (w <= -4e-283) {
		tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = (c0 / (w * h)) * ((d_1 * d_1) / (d * d))
    if (w <= (-4d-283)) then
        tmp = (c0 / (2.0d0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (m * m))))
    else
        tmp = 0.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 / (w * h)) * ((d * d) / (D * D));
	double tmp;
	if (w <= -4e-283) {
		tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 / (w * h)) * ((d * d) / (D * D))
	tmp = 0
	if w <= -4e-283:
		tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))
	else:
		tmp = 0.0
	return tmp
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(w * h)) * Float64(Float64(d * d) / Float64(D * D)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (w <= -4e-283)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M)))));
	else
		tmp = 0.0;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 / (w * h)) * ((d * d) / (D * D));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (w <= -4e-283)
		tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
	else
		tmp = 0.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 / N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision] / N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[w, -4e-283], N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.0]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\\
\mathbf{if}\;w \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-283}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if w < -3.99999999999999979e-283

    1. Initial program 30.4%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Simplified30.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing

    if -3.99999999999999979e-283 < w

    1. Initial program 20.2%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Simplified37.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c0 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c0, d \cdot \frac{d}{D \cdot \left(w \cdot \left(h \cdot D\right)\right)}, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(c0, d \cdot \frac{d}{D \cdot \left(w \cdot \left(h \cdot D\right)\right)}, M\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{D \cdot \left(w \cdot \left(h \cdot D\right)\right)}\right) - M\right)}\right)}{2 \cdot w}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Applied egg-rr27.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf 1.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-neg1.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)} \]
      2. associate-/r*2.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}}\right) \]
      3. associate-/l*1.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(-\frac{\color{blue}{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
    7. Simplified1.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right)} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. fma-define1.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}, \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(-\frac{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right)\right)} \]
      2. associate-*l/1.1%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}, \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(-\frac{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right)\right) \]
      3. distribute-rgt-neg-out1.1%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \color{blue}{-\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}}\right) \]
      4. pow21.1%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{d \cdot d}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
      5. pow21.1%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{\color{blue}{D \cdot D}}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
      6. frac-times1.1%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}\right)}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
      7. pow21.1%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
      8. *-commutative1.1%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{w \cdot h}}\right) \]
      9. fmm-undef3.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right) - \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}} \]
    9. Applied egg-rr3.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot \frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} - \left(c0 \cdot \frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-inverses35.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
    11. Simplified35.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 34.1% accurate, 151.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M) :precision binary64 0.0)
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	return 0.0;
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    code = 0.0d0
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	return 0.0;
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	return 0.0
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	return 0.0
end
function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	tmp = 0.0;
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}

\\
0
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 25.3%

    \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
  2. Simplified39.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c0 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c0, d \cdot \frac{d}{D \cdot \left(w \cdot \left(h \cdot D\right)\right)}, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(c0, d \cdot \frac{d}{D \cdot \left(w \cdot \left(h \cdot D\right)\right)}, M\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{D \cdot \left(w \cdot \left(h \cdot D\right)\right)}\right) - M\right)}\right)}{2 \cdot w}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Applied egg-rr35.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf 1.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-neg1.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)} \]
    2. associate-/r*2.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}}\right) \]
    3. associate-/l*2.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(-\frac{\color{blue}{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
  7. Simplified2.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h} + \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right)} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. fma-define2.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}, \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(-\frac{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right)\right)} \]
    2. associate-*l/2.0%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}, \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(-\frac{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right)\right) \]
    3. distribute-rgt-neg-out2.0%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \color{blue}{-\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}}\right) \]
    4. pow22.0%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{d \cdot d}}{{D}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
    5. pow22.0%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{\color{blue}{D \cdot D}}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
    6. frac-times2.1%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}\right)}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
    7. pow22.1%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}\right) \]
    8. *-commutative2.1%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w}, \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, -\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{w \cdot h}}\right) \]
    9. fmm-undef4.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right) - \frac{\frac{c0}{2}}{w} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}} \]
  9. Applied egg-rr5.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot \frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} - \left(c0 \cdot \frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w}} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-inverses27.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
  11. Simplified27.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
  12. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024157 
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
  :name "Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (13)"
  :precision binary64
  (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D))) (sqrt (- (* (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D))) (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))) (* M M))))))