
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 5 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(/
(fma
-2.0
(* (pow a 2.0) (/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 4.0)))
(-
(fma
-0.25
(* (/ (* (pow a 4.0) (pow c 4.0)) a) (/ 20.0 (pow b 6.0)))
(* a (/ (- (pow c 2.0)) (pow b 2.0))))
c))
b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return fma(-2.0, (pow(a, 2.0) * (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 4.0))), (fma(-0.25, (((pow(a, 4.0) * pow(c, 4.0)) / a) * (20.0 / pow(b, 6.0))), (a * (-pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 2.0)))) - c)) / b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(fma(-2.0, Float64((a ^ 2.0) * Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 4.0))), Float64(fma(-0.25, Float64(Float64(Float64((a ^ 4.0) * (c ^ 4.0)) / a) * Float64(20.0 / (b ^ 6.0))), Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-(c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 2.0)))) - c)) / b) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.25 * N[(N[(N[(N[Power[a, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(20.0 / N[Power[b, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[((-N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]) / N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, \frac{{a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}}{a} \cdot \frac{20}{{b}^{6}}, a \cdot \frac{-{c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}\right) - c\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.2%
*-commutative15.2%
Simplified15.2%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 98.1%
Simplified98.1%
Final simplification98.1%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(/
(*
c
(+
-1.0
(*
c
(-
(*
c
(*
(pow a 3.0)
(- (/ (* c -5.0) (pow b 6.0)) (/ 2.0 (* a (pow b 4.0))))))
(/ a (* b b))))))
b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c * (-1.0 + (c * ((c * (pow(a, 3.0) * (((c * -5.0) / pow(b, 6.0)) - (2.0 / (a * pow(b, 4.0)))))) - (a / (b * b)))))) / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (c * ((-1.0d0) + (c * ((c * ((a ** 3.0d0) * (((c * (-5.0d0)) / (b ** 6.0d0)) - (2.0d0 / (a * (b ** 4.0d0)))))) - (a / (b * b)))))) / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c * (-1.0 + (c * ((c * (Math.pow(a, 3.0) * (((c * -5.0) / Math.pow(b, 6.0)) - (2.0 / (a * Math.pow(b, 4.0)))))) - (a / (b * b)))))) / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return (c * (-1.0 + (c * ((c * (math.pow(a, 3.0) * (((c * -5.0) / math.pow(b, 6.0)) - (2.0 / (a * math.pow(b, 4.0)))))) - (a / (b * b)))))) / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c * Float64(-1.0 + Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64((a ^ 3.0) * Float64(Float64(Float64(c * -5.0) / (b ^ 6.0)) - Float64(2.0 / Float64(a * (b ^ 4.0)))))) - Float64(a / Float64(b * b)))))) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (c * (-1.0 + (c * ((c * ((a ^ 3.0) * (((c * -5.0) / (b ^ 6.0)) - (2.0 / (a * (b ^ 4.0)))))) - (a / (b * b)))))) / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c * N[(-1.0 + N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(N[Power[a, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(c * -5.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(2.0 / N[(a * N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c \cdot \left(-1 + c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left({a}^{3} \cdot \left(\frac{c \cdot -5}{{b}^{6}} - \frac{2}{a \cdot {b}^{4}}\right)\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot b}\right)\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.2%
*-commutative15.2%
Simplified15.2%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 98.1%
Simplified98.1%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 98.1%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 98.1%
associate-*r/98.1%
associate-*r/98.1%
metadata-eval98.1%
Simplified98.1%
unpow298.1%
Applied egg-rr98.1%
Final simplification98.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (* c (+ -1.0 (* c (* a (+ (* -2.0 (/ (* a c) (pow b 4.0))) (/ -1.0 (* b b))))))) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c * (-1.0 + (c * (a * ((-2.0 * ((a * c) / pow(b, 4.0))) + (-1.0 / (b * b))))))) / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (c * ((-1.0d0) + (c * (a * (((-2.0d0) * ((a * c) / (b ** 4.0d0))) + ((-1.0d0) / (b * b))))))) / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c * (-1.0 + (c * (a * ((-2.0 * ((a * c) / Math.pow(b, 4.0))) + (-1.0 / (b * b))))))) / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return (c * (-1.0 + (c * (a * ((-2.0 * ((a * c) / math.pow(b, 4.0))) + (-1.0 / (b * b))))))) / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c * Float64(-1.0 + Float64(c * Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64(a * c) / (b ^ 4.0))) + Float64(-1.0 / Float64(b * b))))))) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (c * (-1.0 + (c * (a * ((-2.0 * ((a * c) / (b ^ 4.0))) + (-1.0 / (b * b))))))) / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c * N[(-1.0 + N[(c * N[(a * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c \cdot \left(-1 + c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{4}} + \frac{-1}{b \cdot b}\right)\right)\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.2%
*-commutative15.2%
Simplified15.2%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 98.1%
Simplified98.1%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 98.1%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.4%
unpow298.1%
Applied egg-rr97.4%
Final simplification97.4%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- (- c) (* a (* (/ c b) (/ c b)))) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-c - (a * ((c / b) * (c / b)))) / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-c - (a * ((c / b) * (c / b)))) / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-c - (a * ((c / b) * (c / b)))) / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-c - (a * ((c / b) * (c / b)))) / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-c) - Float64(a * Float64(Float64(c / b) * Float64(c / b)))) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-c - (a * ((c / b) * (c / b)))) / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-c) - N[(a * N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-c\right) - a \cdot \left(\frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{b}\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.2%
*-commutative15.2%
Simplified15.2%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 96.0%
mul-1-neg96.0%
unsub-neg96.0%
mul-1-neg96.0%
associate-/l*96.0%
Simplified96.0%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 96.0%
associate-/l*96.0%
unpow296.0%
unpow296.0%
times-frac96.0%
sqr-neg96.0%
distribute-frac-neg96.0%
distribute-frac-neg96.0%
unpow196.0%
pow-plus96.0%
distribute-frac-neg96.0%
distribute-neg-frac296.0%
metadata-eval96.0%
Simplified96.0%
unpow296.0%
Applied egg-rr96.0%
Final simplification96.0%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return c / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.2%
*-commutative15.2%
Simplified15.2%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 92.1%
associate-*r/92.1%
mul-1-neg92.1%
Simplified92.1%
Final simplification92.1%
herbie shell --seed 2024157
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))