Trigonometry B

Percentage Accurate: 99.5% → 99.5%
Time: 9.9s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan x \cdot \tan x\\ \frac{1 - t\_0}{1 + t\_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (tan x) (tan x)))) (/ (- 1.0 t_0) (+ 1.0 t_0))))
double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = tan(x) * tan(x);
	return (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = tan(x) * tan(x)
    code = (1.0d0 - t_0) / (1.0d0 + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = Math.tan(x) * Math.tan(x);
	return (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0);
}
def code(x):
	t_0 = math.tan(x) * math.tan(x)
	return (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0)
function code(x)
	t_0 = Float64(tan(x) * tan(x))
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - t_0) / Float64(1.0 + t_0))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	t_0 = tan(x) * tan(x);
	tmp = (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0);
end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \tan x \cdot \tan x\\
\frac{1 - t\_0}{1 + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan x \cdot \tan x\\ \frac{1 - t\_0}{1 + t\_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (tan x) (tan x)))) (/ (- 1.0 t_0) (+ 1.0 t_0))))
double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = tan(x) * tan(x);
	return (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = tan(x) * tan(x)
    code = (1.0d0 - t_0) / (1.0d0 + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = Math.tan(x) * Math.tan(x);
	return (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0);
}
def code(x):
	t_0 = math.tan(x) * math.tan(x)
	return (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0)
function code(x)
	t_0 = Float64(tan(x) * tan(x))
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - t_0) / Float64(1.0 + t_0))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	t_0 = tan(x) * tan(x);
	tmp = (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0);
end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \tan x \cdot \tan x\\
\frac{1 - t\_0}{1 + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.5% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(x \cdot 2\right)\\ t_1 := t\_0 \cdot 0.5\\ t_2 := -0.5 \cdot t\_0\\ \frac{1 + \frac{t\_2 - -0.5}{-0.5 + t\_2}}{1 + \frac{0.5 - t\_1}{0.5 + t\_1}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (* x 2.0))) (t_1 (* t_0 0.5)) (t_2 (* -0.5 t_0)))
   (/
    (+ 1.0 (/ (- t_2 -0.5) (+ -0.5 t_2)))
    (+ 1.0 (/ (- 0.5 t_1) (+ 0.5 t_1))))))
double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = cos((x * 2.0));
	double t_1 = t_0 * 0.5;
	double t_2 = -0.5 * t_0;
	return (1.0 + ((t_2 - -0.5) / (-0.5 + t_2))) / (1.0 + ((0.5 - t_1) / (0.5 + t_1)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: t_2
    t_0 = cos((x * 2.0d0))
    t_1 = t_0 * 0.5d0
    t_2 = (-0.5d0) * t_0
    code = (1.0d0 + ((t_2 - (-0.5d0)) / ((-0.5d0) + t_2))) / (1.0d0 + ((0.5d0 - t_1) / (0.5d0 + t_1)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((x * 2.0));
	double t_1 = t_0 * 0.5;
	double t_2 = -0.5 * t_0;
	return (1.0 + ((t_2 - -0.5) / (-0.5 + t_2))) / (1.0 + ((0.5 - t_1) / (0.5 + t_1)));
}
def code(x):
	t_0 = math.cos((x * 2.0))
	t_1 = t_0 * 0.5
	t_2 = -0.5 * t_0
	return (1.0 + ((t_2 - -0.5) / (-0.5 + t_2))) / (1.0 + ((0.5 - t_1) / (0.5 + t_1)))
function code(x)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(x * 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(t_0 * 0.5)
	t_2 = Float64(-0.5 * t_0)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(t_2 - -0.5) / Float64(-0.5 + t_2))) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(0.5 - t_1) / Float64(0.5 + t_1))))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	t_0 = cos((x * 2.0));
	t_1 = t_0 * 0.5;
	t_2 = -0.5 * t_0;
	tmp = (1.0 + ((t_2 - -0.5) / (-0.5 + t_2))) / (1.0 + ((0.5 - t_1) / (0.5 + t_1)));
end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(t$95$0 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(-0.5 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(1.0 + N[(N[(t$95$2 - -0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N[(-0.5 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(N[(0.5 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.5 + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \cos \left(x \cdot 2\right)\\
t_1 := t\_0 \cdot 0.5\\
t_2 := -0.5 \cdot t\_0\\
\frac{1 + \frac{t\_2 - -0.5}{-0.5 + t\_2}}{1 + \frac{0.5 - t\_1}{0.5 + t\_1}}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.5%

    \[\frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. tan-quotN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \tan \color{blue}{x}\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. tan-quotN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\color{blue}{\cos x}}\right)\right)\right) \]
    3. frac-timesN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\sin x \cdot \sin x}{\color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos x}}\right)\right)\right) \]
    4. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\sin x \cdot \sin x\right), \color{blue}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos x\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. sqr-sin-aN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)\right), \left(\color{blue}{\cos x} \cdot \cos x\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    6. --lowering--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right), \left(\color{blue}{\cos x} \cdot \cos x\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    7. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right), \left(\cos x \cdot \cos x\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    8. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right), \left(\cos x \cdot \cos x\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    9. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \left(\cos x \cdot \cos x\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    10. sqr-cos-aN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \left(\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    11. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    12. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    13. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    14. *-lowering-*.f6498.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
  4. Applied egg-rr98.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. tan-quotN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \tan x\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. tan-quotN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    3. frac-timesN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\sin x \cdot \sin x}{\cos x \cdot \cos x}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    4. sqr-sin-aN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{\cos x \cdot \cos x}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. sqr-cos-aN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    6. div-subN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)} - \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    7. frac-2negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)} - \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    8. frac-2negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)} - \frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    9. sub-divN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)}\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    10. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \color{blue}{\frac{-0.5 - \cos \left(x \cdot 2\right) \cdot -0.5}{\cos \left(x \cdot 2\right) \cdot -0.5 + -0.5}}}{1 + \frac{0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}} \]
  7. Final simplification99.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 + \frac{-0.5 \cdot \cos \left(x \cdot 2\right) - -0.5}{-0.5 + -0.5 \cdot \cos \left(x \cdot 2\right)}}{1 + \frac{0.5 - \cos \left(x \cdot 2\right) \cdot 0.5}{0.5 + \cos \left(x \cdot 2\right) \cdot 0.5}} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\tan x}^{2}\\ \frac{1 - t\_0}{1 + t\_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (pow (tan x) 2.0))) (/ (- 1.0 t_0) (+ 1.0 t_0))))
double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = pow(tan(x), 2.0);
	return (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = tan(x) ** 2.0d0
    code = (1.0d0 - t_0) / (1.0d0 + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = Math.pow(Math.tan(x), 2.0);
	return (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0);
}
def code(x):
	t_0 = math.pow(math.tan(x), 2.0)
	return (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0)
function code(x)
	t_0 = tan(x) ^ 2.0
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - t_0) / Float64(1.0 + t_0))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	t_0 = tan(x) ^ 2.0;
	tmp = (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0);
end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Power[N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := {\tan x}^{2}\\
\frac{1 - t\_0}{1 + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.5%

    \[\frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x\right), \color{blue}{\left(1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}\right) \]
    2. --lowering--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right), \left(\color{blue}{1} + \tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right) \]
    3. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left({\tan x}^{2}\right)\right), \left(1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right) \]
    4. pow-lowering-pow.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\tan x, 2\right)\right), \left(1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right) \]
    5. tan-lowering-tan.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), 2\right)\right), \left(1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right) \]
    6. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}\right)\right) \]
    7. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left({\tan x}^{\color{blue}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]
    8. pow-lowering-pow.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\tan x, \color{blue}{2}\right)\right)\right) \]
    9. tan-lowering-tan.f6499.5%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), 2\right)\right)\right) \]
  4. Applied egg-rr99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - {\tan x}^{2}}{1 + {\tan x}^{2}}} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 62.2% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \left(0.5 - \cos \left(x \cdot 2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (- 1.0 (* (tan x) (tan x))) (+ 1.0 (- 0.5 (* (cos (* x 2.0)) 0.5)))))
double code(double x) {
	return (1.0 - (tan(x) * tan(x))) / (1.0 + (0.5 - (cos((x * 2.0)) * 0.5)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (1.0d0 - (tan(x) * tan(x))) / (1.0d0 + (0.5d0 - (cos((x * 2.0d0)) * 0.5d0)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return (1.0 - (Math.tan(x) * Math.tan(x))) / (1.0 + (0.5 - (Math.cos((x * 2.0)) * 0.5)));
}
def code(x):
	return (1.0 - (math.tan(x) * math.tan(x))) / (1.0 + (0.5 - (math.cos((x * 2.0)) * 0.5)))
function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(tan(x) * tan(x))) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(0.5 - Float64(cos(Float64(x * 2.0)) * 0.5))))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (1.0 - (tan(x) * tan(x))) / (1.0 + (0.5 - (cos((x * 2.0)) * 0.5)));
end
code[x_] := N[(N[(1.0 - N[(N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(0.5 - N[(N[Cos[N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \left(0.5 - \cos \left(x \cdot 2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.5%

    \[\frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. tan-quotN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \tan \color{blue}{x}\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. tan-quotN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\color{blue}{\cos x}}\right)\right)\right) \]
    3. frac-timesN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left(\frac{\sin x \cdot \sin x}{\color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos x}}\right)\right)\right) \]
    4. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\sin x \cdot \sin x\right), \color{blue}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos x\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
    5. sqr-sin-aN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)\right), \left(\color{blue}{\cos x} \cdot \cos x\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    6. --lowering--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right), \left(\color{blue}{\cos x} \cdot \cos x\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    7. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right), \left(\cos x \cdot \cos x\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    8. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right), \left(\cos x \cdot \cos x\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    9. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \left(\cos x \cdot \cos x\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    10. sqr-cos-aN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \left(\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    11. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    12. *-lowering-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    13. cos-lowering-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\left(2 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    14. *-lowering-*.f6498.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
  4. Applied egg-rr98.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), \mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{cos.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(2, x\right)\right)\right)\right), \color{blue}{1}\right)\right)\right) \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Simplified61.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \frac{0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{1}}} \]
    2. Final simplification61.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \left(0.5 - \cos \left(x \cdot 2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 59.3% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{1 - {\tan x}^{4}} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (- 1.0 (pow (tan x) 4.0))))
    double code(double x) {
    	return 1.0 / (1.0 - pow(tan(x), 4.0));
    }
    
    real(8) function code(x)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        code = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 - (tan(x) ** 4.0d0))
    end function
    
    public static double code(double x) {
    	return 1.0 / (1.0 - Math.pow(Math.tan(x), 4.0));
    }
    
    def code(x):
    	return 1.0 / (1.0 - math.pow(math.tan(x), 4.0))
    
    function code(x)
    	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 - (tan(x) ^ 4.0)))
    end
    
    function tmp = code(x)
    	tmp = 1.0 / (1.0 - (tan(x) ^ 4.0));
    end
    
    code[x_] := N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 - N[Power[N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{1}{1 - {\tan x}^{4}}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. flip-+N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{\frac{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}{\color{blue}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}}} \]
      2. associate-/r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x\right)} \]
      3. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}} \]
      4. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(\left(1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right)}\right) \]
      5. pow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left({\left(1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}^{2}\right), \left(\color{blue}{1 \cdot 1} - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right)\right) \]
      6. pow-lowering-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\left(1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x\right), 2\right), \left(\color{blue}{1 \cdot 1} - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right)\right) \]
      7. --lowering--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right), 2\right), \left(\color{blue}{1} \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right)\right) \]
      8. pow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left({\tan x}^{2}\right)\right), 2\right), \left(1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right)\right) \]
      9. pow-lowering-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\tan x, 2\right)\right), 2\right), \left(1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right)\right) \]
      10. tan-lowering-tan.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), 2\right)\right), 2\right), \left(1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), 2\right)\right), 2\right), \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)} \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right)\right) \]
      12. --lowering--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), 2\right)\right), 2\right), \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(\left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
    4. Applied egg-rr99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - {\tan x}^{2}\right)}^{2}}{1 - {\tan x}^{4}}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\color{blue}{1}, \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), 4\right)\right)\right) \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Simplified59.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{1 - {\tan x}^{4}} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 5: 60.2% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 - {\tan x}^{2} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- 1.0 (pow (tan x) 2.0)))
      double code(double x) {
      	return 1.0 - pow(tan(x), 2.0);
      }
      
      real(8) function code(x)
          real(8), intent (in) :: x
          code = 1.0d0 - (tan(x) ** 2.0d0)
      end function
      
      public static double code(double x) {
      	return 1.0 - Math.pow(Math.tan(x), 2.0);
      }
      
      def code(x):
      	return 1.0 - math.pow(math.tan(x), 2.0)
      
      function code(x)
      	return Float64(1.0 - (tan(x) ^ 2.0))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(x)
      	tmp = 1.0 - (tan(x) ^ 2.0);
      end
      
      code[x_] := N[(1.0 - N[Power[N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      1 - {\tan x}^{2}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.5%

        \[\frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. /-lowering-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\left(1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x\right), \color{blue}{\left(1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}\right) \]
        2. --lowering--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right), \left(\color{blue}{1} + \tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right) \]
        3. pow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \left({\tan x}^{2}\right)\right), \left(1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right) \]
        4. pow-lowering-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\tan x, 2\right)\right), \left(1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right) \]
        5. tan-lowering-tan.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), 2\right)\right), \left(1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x\right)\right) \]
        6. +-lowering-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}\right)\right) \]
        7. pow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \left({\tan x}^{\color{blue}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \]
        8. pow-lowering-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\tan x, \color{blue}{2}\right)\right)\right) \]
        9. tan-lowering-tan.f6499.5%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), 2\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), 2\right)\right)\right) \]
      4. Applied egg-rr99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - {\tan x}^{2}}{1 + {\tan x}^{2}}} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in x around 0

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{/.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(1, \mathsf{pow.f64}\left(\mathsf{tan.f64}\left(x\right), 2\right)\right), \color{blue}{1}\right) \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Simplified59.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - {\tan x}^{2}}{\color{blue}{1}} \]
        2. Final simplification59.8%

          \[\leadsto 1 - {\tan x}^{2} \]
        3. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 6: 56.1% accurate, 411.0× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 1.0)
        double code(double x) {
        	return 1.0;
        }
        
        real(8) function code(x)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            code = 1.0d0
        end function
        
        public static double code(double x) {
        	return 1.0;
        }
        
        def code(x):
        	return 1.0
        
        function code(x)
        	return 1.0
        end
        
        function tmp = code(x)
        	tmp = 1.0;
        end
        
        code[x_] := 1.0
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        1
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 99.5%

          \[\frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Simplified55.6%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing

          Reproduce

          ?
          herbie shell --seed 2024155 
          (FPCore (x)
            :name "Trigonometry B"
            :precision binary64
            (/ (- 1.0 (* (tan x) (tan x))) (+ 1.0 (* (tan x) (tan x)))))