
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (/ PI 2.0) (* 2.0 (asin (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 x) 2.0))))))
double code(double x) {
return (((double) M_PI) / 2.0) - (2.0 * asin(sqrt(((1.0 - x) / 2.0))));
}
public static double code(double x) {
return (Math.PI / 2.0) - (2.0 * Math.asin(Math.sqrt(((1.0 - x) / 2.0))));
}
def code(x): return (math.pi / 2.0) - (2.0 * math.asin(math.sqrt(((1.0 - x) / 2.0))))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) - Float64(2.0 * asin(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) / 2.0))))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (pi / 2.0) - (2.0 * asin(sqrt(((1.0 - x) / 2.0)))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(2.0 * N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\pi}{2} - 2 \cdot \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{2}}\right)
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 7 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (/ PI 2.0) (* 2.0 (asin (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 x) 2.0))))))
double code(double x) {
return (((double) M_PI) / 2.0) - (2.0 * asin(sqrt(((1.0 - x) / 2.0))));
}
public static double code(double x) {
return (Math.PI / 2.0) - (2.0 * Math.asin(Math.sqrt(((1.0 - x) / 2.0))));
}
def code(x): return (math.pi / 2.0) - (2.0 * math.asin(math.sqrt(((1.0 - x) / 2.0))))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) - Float64(2.0 * asin(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) / 2.0))))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (pi / 2.0) - (2.0 * asin(sqrt(((1.0 - x) / 2.0)))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(2.0 * N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\pi}{2} - 2 \cdot \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{2}}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (acos (pow (+ 0.5 (/ x -2.0)) 0.5))))
(/
1.0
(/
(+ (* t_0 (+ PI (* t_0 4.0))) (/ (* PI PI) 4.0))
(+ (* PI (* (* PI PI) -0.125)) (pow (* t_0 2.0) 3.0))))))
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = acos(pow((0.5 + (x / -2.0)), 0.5));
return 1.0 / (((t_0 * (((double) M_PI) + (t_0 * 4.0))) + ((((double) M_PI) * ((double) M_PI)) / 4.0)) / ((((double) M_PI) * ((((double) M_PI) * ((double) M_PI)) * -0.125)) + pow((t_0 * 2.0), 3.0)));
}
public static double code(double x) {
double t_0 = Math.acos(Math.pow((0.5 + (x / -2.0)), 0.5));
return 1.0 / (((t_0 * (Math.PI + (t_0 * 4.0))) + ((Math.PI * Math.PI) / 4.0)) / ((Math.PI * ((Math.PI * Math.PI) * -0.125)) + Math.pow((t_0 * 2.0), 3.0)));
}
def code(x): t_0 = math.acos(math.pow((0.5 + (x / -2.0)), 0.5)) return 1.0 / (((t_0 * (math.pi + (t_0 * 4.0))) + ((math.pi * math.pi) / 4.0)) / ((math.pi * ((math.pi * math.pi) * -0.125)) + math.pow((t_0 * 2.0), 3.0)))
function code(x) t_0 = acos((Float64(0.5 + Float64(x / -2.0)) ^ 0.5)) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * Float64(pi + Float64(t_0 * 4.0))) + Float64(Float64(pi * pi) / 4.0)) / Float64(Float64(pi * Float64(Float64(pi * pi) * -0.125)) + (Float64(t_0 * 2.0) ^ 3.0)))) end
function tmp = code(x) t_0 = acos(((0.5 + (x / -2.0)) ^ 0.5)); tmp = 1.0 / (((t_0 * (pi + (t_0 * 4.0))) + ((pi * pi) / 4.0)) / ((pi * ((pi * pi) * -0.125)) + ((t_0 * 2.0) ^ 3.0))); end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[ArcCos[N[Power[N[(0.5 + N[(x / -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.5], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(1.0 / N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * N[(Pi + N[(t$95$0 * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(Pi * Pi), $MachinePrecision] / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(Pi * N[(N[(Pi * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * -0.125), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(t$95$0 * 2.0), $MachinePrecision], 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \cos^{-1} \left({\left(0.5 + \frac{x}{-2}\right)}^{0.5}\right)\\
\frac{1}{\frac{t\_0 \cdot \left(\pi + t\_0 \cdot 4\right) + \frac{\pi \cdot \pi}{4}}{\pi \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.125\right) + {\left(t\_0 \cdot 2\right)}^{3}}}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 7.7%
asin-acosN/A
sub-negN/A
distribute-rgt-inN/A
div-invN/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*l*N/A
metadata-evalN/A
*-rgt-identityN/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
PI-lowering-PI.f64N/A
*-lowering-*.f64N/A
Applied egg-rr9.5%
associate--r+N/A
flip3--N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
Applied egg-rr9.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
Simplified9.5%
Applied egg-rr9.5%
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (acos (sqrt (- 0.5 (* 0.5 x))))))
(/
(+ (* -0.125 (* PI (* PI PI))) (* (pow t_0 3.0) 8.0))
(+
(* t_0 (+ PI (* 4.0 (acos (sqrt (+ 0.5 (* x -0.5)))))))
(* (* PI PI) 0.25)))))
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = acos(sqrt((0.5 - (0.5 * x))));
return ((-0.125 * (((double) M_PI) * (((double) M_PI) * ((double) M_PI)))) + (pow(t_0, 3.0) * 8.0)) / ((t_0 * (((double) M_PI) + (4.0 * acos(sqrt((0.5 + (x * -0.5))))))) + ((((double) M_PI) * ((double) M_PI)) * 0.25));
}
public static double code(double x) {
double t_0 = Math.acos(Math.sqrt((0.5 - (0.5 * x))));
return ((-0.125 * (Math.PI * (Math.PI * Math.PI))) + (Math.pow(t_0, 3.0) * 8.0)) / ((t_0 * (Math.PI + (4.0 * Math.acos(Math.sqrt((0.5 + (x * -0.5))))))) + ((Math.PI * Math.PI) * 0.25));
}
def code(x): t_0 = math.acos(math.sqrt((0.5 - (0.5 * x)))) return ((-0.125 * (math.pi * (math.pi * math.pi))) + (math.pow(t_0, 3.0) * 8.0)) / ((t_0 * (math.pi + (4.0 * math.acos(math.sqrt((0.5 + (x * -0.5))))))) + ((math.pi * math.pi) * 0.25))
function code(x) t_0 = acos(sqrt(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * x)))) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-0.125 * Float64(pi * Float64(pi * pi))) + Float64((t_0 ^ 3.0) * 8.0)) / Float64(Float64(t_0 * Float64(pi + Float64(4.0 * acos(sqrt(Float64(0.5 + Float64(x * -0.5))))))) + Float64(Float64(pi * pi) * 0.25))) end
function tmp = code(x) t_0 = acos(sqrt((0.5 - (0.5 * x)))); tmp = ((-0.125 * (pi * (pi * pi))) + ((t_0 ^ 3.0) * 8.0)) / ((t_0 * (pi + (4.0 * acos(sqrt((0.5 + (x * -0.5))))))) + ((pi * pi) * 0.25)); end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[ArcCos[N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(-0.125 * N[(Pi * N[(Pi * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Power[t$95$0, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * 8.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(t$95$0 * N[(Pi + N[(4.0 * N[ArcCos[N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 + N[(x * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(Pi * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * 0.25), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \cos^{-1} \left(\sqrt{0.5 - 0.5 \cdot x}\right)\\
\frac{-0.125 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right) + {t\_0}^{3} \cdot 8}{t\_0 \cdot \left(\pi + 4 \cdot \cos^{-1} \left(\sqrt{0.5 + x \cdot -0.5}\right)\right) + \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.25}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 7.7%
asin-acosN/A
sub-negN/A
distribute-rgt-inN/A
div-invN/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*l*N/A
metadata-evalN/A
*-rgt-identityN/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
PI-lowering-PI.f64N/A
*-lowering-*.f64N/A
Applied egg-rr9.5%
associate--r+N/A
flip3--N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
Applied egg-rr9.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
Simplified9.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
PI-lowering-PI.f64N/A
*-commutativeN/A
*-lowering-*.f64N/A
acos-lowering-acos.f64N/A
sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A
cancel-sign-sub-invN/A
metadata-evalN/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
*-commutativeN/A
*-lowering-*.f649.5%
Simplified9.5%
Final simplification9.5%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (/ PI 2.0) (+ PI (* -2.0 (acos (sqrt (+ 0.5 (* x -0.5))))))))
double code(double x) {
return (((double) M_PI) / 2.0) - (((double) M_PI) + (-2.0 * acos(sqrt((0.5 + (x * -0.5))))));
}
public static double code(double x) {
return (Math.PI / 2.0) - (Math.PI + (-2.0 * Math.acos(Math.sqrt((0.5 + (x * -0.5))))));
}
def code(x): return (math.pi / 2.0) - (math.pi + (-2.0 * math.acos(math.sqrt((0.5 + (x * -0.5))))))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) - Float64(pi + Float64(-2.0 * acos(sqrt(Float64(0.5 + Float64(x * -0.5))))))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (pi / 2.0) - (pi + (-2.0 * acos(sqrt((0.5 + (x * -0.5)))))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(Pi + N[(-2.0 * N[ArcCos[N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 + N[(x * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\pi}{2} - \left(\pi + -2 \cdot \cos^{-1} \left(\sqrt{0.5 + x \cdot -0.5}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 7.7%
asin-acosN/A
sub-negN/A
distribute-rgt-inN/A
div-invN/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*l*N/A
metadata-evalN/A
*-rgt-identityN/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
PI-lowering-PI.f64N/A
*-lowering-*.f64N/A
Applied egg-rr9.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
PI-lowering-PI.f64N/A
*-lowering-*.f64N/A
acos-lowering-acos.f64N/A
sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f64N/A
cancel-sign-sub-invN/A
metadata-evalN/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
*-commutativeN/A
*-lowering-*.f649.5%
Simplified9.5%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (/ PI 2.0) (* 2.0 (asin (pow (/ 2.0 (- 1.0 x)) -0.5)))))
double code(double x) {
return (((double) M_PI) / 2.0) - (2.0 * asin(pow((2.0 / (1.0 - x)), -0.5)));
}
public static double code(double x) {
return (Math.PI / 2.0) - (2.0 * Math.asin(Math.pow((2.0 / (1.0 - x)), -0.5)));
}
def code(x): return (math.pi / 2.0) - (2.0 * math.asin(math.pow((2.0 / (1.0 - x)), -0.5)))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) - Float64(2.0 * asin((Float64(2.0 / Float64(1.0 - x)) ^ -0.5)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (pi / 2.0) - (2.0 * asin(((2.0 / (1.0 - x)) ^ -0.5))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(2.0 * N[ArcSin[N[Power[N[(2.0 / N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.5], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\pi}{2} - 2 \cdot \sin^{-1} \left({\left(\frac{2}{1 - x}\right)}^{-0.5}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 7.7%
clear-numN/A
inv-powN/A
sqrt-pow1N/A
metadata-evalN/A
metadata-evalN/A
metadata-evalN/A
pow-lowering-pow.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
--lowering--.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
metadata-eval7.7%
Applied egg-rr7.7%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (/ PI 2.0) (* 2.0 (asin (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 x) 2.0))))))
double code(double x) {
return (((double) M_PI) / 2.0) - (2.0 * asin(sqrt(((1.0 - x) / 2.0))));
}
public static double code(double x) {
return (Math.PI / 2.0) - (2.0 * Math.asin(Math.sqrt(((1.0 - x) / 2.0))));
}
def code(x): return (math.pi / 2.0) - (2.0 * math.asin(math.sqrt(((1.0 - x) / 2.0))))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) - Float64(2.0 * asin(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) / 2.0))))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (pi / 2.0) - (2.0 * asin(sqrt(((1.0 - x) / 2.0)))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(2.0 * N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\pi}{2} - 2 \cdot \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - x}{2}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 7.7%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (/ PI 2.0) (- (* 2.0 (acos (sqrt 0.5))) PI)))
double code(double x) {
return (((double) M_PI) / 2.0) + ((2.0 * acos(sqrt(0.5))) - ((double) M_PI));
}
public static double code(double x) {
return (Math.PI / 2.0) + ((2.0 * Math.acos(Math.sqrt(0.5))) - Math.PI);
}
def code(x): return (math.pi / 2.0) + ((2.0 * math.acos(math.sqrt(0.5))) - math.pi)
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) + Float64(Float64(2.0 * acos(sqrt(0.5))) - pi)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (pi / 2.0) + ((2.0 * acos(sqrt(0.5))) - pi); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(2.0 * N[ArcCos[N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\pi}{2} + \left(2 \cdot \cos^{-1} \left(\sqrt{0.5}\right) - \pi\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 7.7%
asin-acosN/A
sub-negN/A
distribute-rgt-inN/A
div-invN/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*l*N/A
metadata-evalN/A
*-rgt-identityN/A
+-lowering-+.f64N/A
PI-lowering-PI.f64N/A
*-lowering-*.f64N/A
Applied egg-rr9.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f645.6%
Simplified5.6%
--lowering--.f64N/A
/-lowering-/.f64N/A
PI-lowering-PI.f64N/A
*-un-lft-identityN/A
fma-defineN/A
sub0-negN/A
distribute-lft-neg-outN/A
fmm-undefN/A
*-un-lft-identityN/A
--lowering--.f64N/A
PI-lowering-PI.f64N/A
*-lowering-*.f64N/A
acos-lowering-acos.f64N/A
sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f645.6%
Applied egg-rr5.6%
Final simplification5.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (/ PI 2.0) (* 2.0 (asin (sqrt 0.5)))))
double code(double x) {
return (((double) M_PI) / 2.0) - (2.0 * asin(sqrt(0.5)));
}
public static double code(double x) {
return (Math.PI / 2.0) - (2.0 * Math.asin(Math.sqrt(0.5)));
}
def code(x): return (math.pi / 2.0) - (2.0 * math.asin(math.sqrt(0.5)))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) - Float64(2.0 * asin(sqrt(0.5)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (pi / 2.0) - (2.0 * asin(sqrt(0.5))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(2.0 * N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\pi}{2} - 2 \cdot \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{0.5}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 7.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
sqrt-lowering-sqrt.f644.1%
Simplified4.1%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (asin x))
double code(double x) {
return asin(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = asin(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.asin(x);
}
def code(x): return math.asin(x)
function code(x) return asin(x) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = asin(x); end
code[x_] := N[ArcSin[x], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sin^{-1} x
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024155
(FPCore (x)
:name "Ian Simplification"
:precision binary64
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (asin x))
(- (/ PI 2.0) (* 2.0 (asin (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 x) 2.0))))))