
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 12 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* 0.125 (/ (+ (pow E (* r (/ -0.3333333333333333 s))) (exp (/ r (- s)))) (* r (* s PI)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.125f * ((powf(((float) M_E), (r * (-0.3333333333333333f / s))) + expf((r / -s))) / (r * (s * ((float) M_PI))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32((Float32(exp(1)) ^ Float32(r * Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) / s))) + exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s)))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.125) * (((single(2.71828182845904523536) ^ (r * (single(-0.3333333333333333) / s))) + exp((r / -s))) / (r * (s * single(pi)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.125 \cdot \frac{{e}^{\left(r \cdot \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{s}\right)} + e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.7%
*-un-lft-identity99.7%
exp-prod99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
*-un-lft-identity99.7%
exp-1-e99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
*-lft-identity99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 99.7%
*-commutative99.7%
associate-*l/99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* 0.125 (/ (+ (exp (/ r (- s))) (pow E (/ (* r -0.3333333333333333) s))) (* r (* s PI)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.125f * ((expf((r / -s)) + powf(((float) M_E), ((r * -0.3333333333333333f) / s))) / (r * (s * ((float) M_PI))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) + (Float32(exp(1)) ^ Float32(Float32(r * Float32(-0.3333333333333333)) / s))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.125) * ((exp((r / -s)) + (single(2.71828182845904523536) ^ ((r * single(-0.3333333333333333)) / s))) / (r * (s * single(pi)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.125 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}} + {e}^{\left(\frac{r \cdot -0.3333333333333333}{s}\right)}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.7%
*-un-lft-identity99.7%
exp-prod99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
*-un-lft-identity99.7%
exp-1-e99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
*-lft-identity99.7%
Simplified99.7%
mul-1-neg99.7%
distribute-frac-neg99.7%
add-log-exp99.7%
*-un-lft-identity99.7%
log-prod99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
add-log-exp99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
+-lft-identity99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* 0.125 (/ (+ (exp (/ r (- s))) (exp (* (/ r s) -0.3333333333333333))) (* r (* s PI)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.125f * ((expf((r / -s)) + expf(((r / s) * -0.3333333333333333f))) / (r * (s * ((float) M_PI))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) + exp(Float32(Float32(r / s) * Float32(-0.3333333333333333)))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.125) * ((exp((r / -s)) + exp(((r / s) * single(-0.3333333333333333)))) / (r * (s * single(pi)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.125 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}} + e^{\frac{r}{s} \cdot -0.3333333333333333}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.7%
mul-1-neg99.7%
distribute-frac-neg99.7%
add-log-exp99.7%
*-un-lft-identity99.7%
log-prod99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
add-log-exp99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
+-lft-identity99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(if (<= r 20.0)
(+
(/ (/ 0.125 (+ (/ r s) 1.0)) (* r (* s PI)))
(* 0.75 (/ (exp (/ r (* 3.0 (- s)))) (* r (* (* s PI) 6.0)))))
(/ (/ -0.25 (log1p (expm1 (* r PI)))) s)))
float code(float s, float r) {
float tmp;
if (r <= 20.0f) {
tmp = ((0.125f / ((r / s) + 1.0f)) / (r * (s * ((float) M_PI)))) + (0.75f * (expf((r / (3.0f * -s))) / (r * ((s * ((float) M_PI)) * 6.0f))));
} else {
tmp = (-0.25f / log1pf(expm1f((r * ((float) M_PI))))) / s;
}
return tmp;
}
function code(s, r) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (r <= Float32(20.0)) tmp = Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(Float32(r / s) + Float32(1.0))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) + Float32(Float32(0.75) * Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(Float32(3.0) * Float32(-s)))) / Float32(r * Float32(Float32(s * Float32(pi)) * Float32(6.0)))))); else tmp = Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.25) / log1p(expm1(Float32(r * Float32(pi))))) / s); end return tmp end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;r \leq 20:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{0.125}{\frac{r}{s} + 1}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)} + 0.75 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{3 \cdot \left(-s\right)}}}{r \cdot \left(\left(s \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 6\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{-0.25}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(r \cdot \pi\right)\right)}}{s}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if r < 20Initial program 99.6%
times-frac99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
distribute-frac-neg99.6%
associate-/l*99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
associate-*l*99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.6%
associate-*r/99.6%
rec-exp99.6%
associate-*r/99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 12.2%
if 20 < r Initial program 99.7%
add-exp-log99.6%
associate-*l*99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 5.6%
associate-*r*5.6%
*-commutative5.6%
Simplified5.6%
frac-2neg5.6%
*-commutative5.6%
rem-exp-log5.6%
div-inv5.6%
metadata-eval5.6%
rem-exp-log5.6%
associate-*r*5.6%
distribute-lft-neg-in5.6%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod5.0%
sqr-neg5.0%
sqrt-unprod5.0%
add-sqr-sqrt5.0%
Applied egg-rr5.0%
metadata-eval5.0%
distribute-lft-neg-in5.0%
associate-*r/5.0%
metadata-eval5.0%
associate-*r*5.0%
associate-/l/5.0%
associate-/r*5.0%
distribute-neg-frac5.0%
associate-/l/5.0%
distribute-neg-frac5.0%
metadata-eval5.0%
Simplified5.0%
log1p-expm1-u95.8%
Applied egg-rr95.8%
Final simplification48.2%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (/ 0.125 (+ (/ r s) 1.0)) (* r (* s PI))) (* 0.75 (/ (exp (/ r (* 3.0 (- s)))) (* r (* (* s PI) 6.0))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.125f / ((r / s) + 1.0f)) / (r * (s * ((float) M_PI)))) + (0.75f * (expf((r / (3.0f * -s))) / (r * ((s * ((float) M_PI)) * 6.0f))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(Float32(r / s) + Float32(1.0))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) + Float32(Float32(0.75) * Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(Float32(3.0) * Float32(-s)))) / Float32(r * Float32(Float32(s * Float32(pi)) * Float32(6.0)))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.125) / ((r / s) + single(1.0))) / (r * (s * single(pi)))) + (single(0.75) * (exp((r / (single(3.0) * -s))) / (r * ((s * single(pi)) * single(6.0))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.125}{\frac{r}{s} + 1}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)} + 0.75 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{3 \cdot \left(-s\right)}}}{r \cdot \left(\left(s \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 6\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
times-frac99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
distribute-frac-neg99.6%
associate-/l*99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
associate-*l*99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.6%
associate-*r/99.6%
rec-exp99.6%
associate-*r/99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 13.0%
Final simplification13.0%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (/ 0.25 (exp (/ r s))) (* r (* s (* PI 2.0)))) (/ 0.125 (* PI (* r s)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f / expf((r / s))) / (r * (s * (((float) M_PI) * 2.0f)))) + (0.125f / (((float) M_PI) * (r * s)));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / exp(Float32(r / s))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0))))) + Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(r * s)))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) / exp((r / s))) / (r * (s * (single(pi) * single(2.0))))) + (single(0.125) / (single(pi) * (r * s))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{e^{\frac{r}{s}}}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right)} + \frac{0.125}{\pi \cdot \left(r \cdot s\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
add-exp-log99.5%
associate-*l*99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 7.9%
associate-*r*7.9%
*-commutative7.9%
Simplified7.9%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 7.9%
neg-mul-17.9%
rec-exp7.9%
associate-*r/7.9%
metadata-eval7.9%
Simplified7.9%
Final simplification7.9%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (+ (/ (/ 0.125 (exp (/ r s))) (* r PI)) (/ 0.125 (* r PI))) s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (((0.125f / expf((r / s))) / (r * ((float) M_PI))) + (0.125f / (r * ((float) M_PI)))) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / exp(Float32(r / s))) / Float32(r * Float32(pi))) + Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(r * Float32(pi)))) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (((single(0.125) / exp((r / s))) / (r * single(pi))) + (single(0.125) / (r * single(pi)))) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\frac{0.125}{e^{\frac{r}{s}}}}{r \cdot \pi} + \frac{0.125}{r \cdot \pi}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
add-exp-log99.5%
associate-*l*99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 7.9%
associate-*r*7.9%
*-commutative7.9%
Simplified7.9%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 7.9%
associate-*r/7.9%
rem-exp-log7.9%
exp-sum7.9%
mul-1-neg7.9%
sub-neg7.9%
exp-diff7.9%
rem-exp-log7.9%
associate-*r/7.9%
metadata-eval7.9%
Simplified7.9%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* 0.125 (/ (+ (exp (/ r (- s))) 1.0) (* r (* s PI)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.125f * ((expf((r / -s)) + 1.0f) / (r * (s * ((float) M_PI))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) + Float32(1.0)) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.125) * ((exp((r / -s)) + single(1.0)) / (r * (s * single(pi)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.125 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}} + 1}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.7%
*-un-lft-identity99.7%
exp-prod99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 7.9%
Final simplification7.9%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(/
(-
(/ 0.25 (* r PI))
(/
(+ (/ (* (/ r PI) -0.06944444444444445) s) (/ 0.16666666666666666 PI))
s))
s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f / (r * ((float) M_PI))) - (((((r / ((float) M_PI)) * -0.06944444444444445f) / s) + (0.16666666666666666f / ((float) M_PI))) / s)) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(r * Float32(pi))) - Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(r / Float32(pi)) * Float32(-0.06944444444444445)) / s) + Float32(Float32(0.16666666666666666) / Float32(pi))) / s)) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) / (r * single(pi))) - (((((r / single(pi)) * single(-0.06944444444444445)) / s) + (single(0.16666666666666666) / single(pi))) / s)) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{r \cdot \pi} - \frac{\frac{\frac{r}{\pi} \cdot -0.06944444444444445}{s} + \frac{0.16666666666666666}{\pi}}{s}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
times-frac99.6%
fma-define99.6%
associate-*l*99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
neg-mul-199.6%
times-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
times-frac99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 7.8%
mul-1-neg7.8%
Simplified7.8%
Final simplification7.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* PI (* r s))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (((float) M_PI) * (r * s));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(r * s))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / (single(pi) * (r * s)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\pi \cdot \left(r \cdot s\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
add-exp-log99.5%
associate-*l*99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 7.6%
associate-*r*7.6%
*-commutative7.6%
Simplified7.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* r (* s PI))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (r * (s * ((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / (r * (s * single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 7.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 0.0))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / 0.0f;
}
real(4) function code(s, r)
real(4), intent (in) :: s
real(4), intent (in) :: r
code = 0.25e0 / 0.0e0
end function
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(0.0)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / single(0.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{0}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
add-exp-log99.5%
associate-*l*99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 7.6%
associate-*r*7.6%
*-commutative7.6%
Simplified7.6%
*-commutative7.6%
rem-exp-log7.6%
expm1-log1p-u7.6%
expm1-undefine6.5%
rem-exp-log6.5%
associate-*r*6.5%
Applied egg-rr6.5%
log1p-undefine6.5%
rem-exp-log6.5%
associate-+r-6.6%
fmm-def6.6%
metadata-eval6.6%
Simplified6.6%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 3.4%
Final simplification3.4%
herbie shell --seed 2024153
(FPCore (s r)
:name "Disney BSSRDF, PDF of scattering profile"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 256.0)) (and (< 1e-6 r) (< r 1000000.0)))
(+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))