
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (+ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0)))))
double code(double x) {
return log((x + sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0))));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((x + sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0d0))))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((x + Math.sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0))));
}
def code(x): return math.log((x + math.sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0))))
function code(x) return log(Float64(x + sqrt(Float64(Float64(x * x) + 1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((x + sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0)))); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(x + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(x + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 5 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (+ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0)))))
double code(double x) {
return log((x + sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0))));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((x + sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0d0))))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((x + Math.sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0))));
}
def code(x): return math.log((x + math.sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0))))
function code(x) return log(Float64(x + sqrt(Float64(Float64(x * x) + 1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((x + sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0)))); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(x + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(x + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(if (<= x -1.3)
(log (/ -0.5 x))
(if (<= x 1.3)
(*
x
(+
1.0
(*
(pow x 2.0)
(-
(* (* x x) (+ 0.075 (* (* x x) -0.044642857142857144)))
0.16666666666666666))))
(log (* x 2.0)))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.3) {
tmp = log((-0.5 / x));
} else if (x <= 1.3) {
tmp = x * (1.0 + (pow(x, 2.0) * (((x * x) * (0.075 + ((x * x) * -0.044642857142857144))) - 0.16666666666666666)));
} else {
tmp = log((x * 2.0));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-1.3d0)) then
tmp = log(((-0.5d0) / x))
else if (x <= 1.3d0) then
tmp = x * (1.0d0 + ((x ** 2.0d0) * (((x * x) * (0.075d0 + ((x * x) * (-0.044642857142857144d0)))) - 0.16666666666666666d0)))
else
tmp = log((x * 2.0d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.3) {
tmp = Math.log((-0.5 / x));
} else if (x <= 1.3) {
tmp = x * (1.0 + (Math.pow(x, 2.0) * (((x * x) * (0.075 + ((x * x) * -0.044642857142857144))) - 0.16666666666666666)));
} else {
tmp = Math.log((x * 2.0));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= -1.3: tmp = math.log((-0.5 / x)) elif x <= 1.3: tmp = x * (1.0 + (math.pow(x, 2.0) * (((x * x) * (0.075 + ((x * x) * -0.044642857142857144))) - 0.16666666666666666))) else: tmp = math.log((x * 2.0)) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -1.3) tmp = log(Float64(-0.5 / x)); elseif (x <= 1.3) tmp = Float64(x * Float64(1.0 + Float64((x ^ 2.0) * Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) * Float64(0.075 + Float64(Float64(x * x) * -0.044642857142857144))) - 0.16666666666666666)))); else tmp = log(Float64(x * 2.0)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -1.3) tmp = log((-0.5 / x)); elseif (x <= 1.3) tmp = x * (1.0 + ((x ^ 2.0) * (((x * x) * (0.075 + ((x * x) * -0.044642857142857144))) - 0.16666666666666666))); else tmp = log((x * 2.0)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.3], N[Log[N[(-0.5 / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 1.3], N[(x * N[(1.0 + N[(N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.075 + N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * -0.044642857142857144), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Log[N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.3:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{-0.5}{x}\right)\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.3:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(0.075 + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot -0.044642857142857144\right) - 0.16666666666666666\right)\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(x \cdot 2\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1.30000000000000004Initial program 1.7%
Taylor expanded in x around -inf 100.0%
if -1.30000000000000004 < x < 1.30000000000000004Initial program 9.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 100.0%
unpow2100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
unpow2100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
if 1.30000000000000004 < x Initial program 53.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Final simplification100.0%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -1.3) (log (/ -0.5 x)) (if (<= x 1.3) (+ x (* -0.16666666666666666 (pow x 3.0))) (log (* x 2.0)))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.3) {
tmp = log((-0.5 / x));
} else if (x <= 1.3) {
tmp = x + (-0.16666666666666666 * pow(x, 3.0));
} else {
tmp = log((x * 2.0));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-1.3d0)) then
tmp = log(((-0.5d0) / x))
else if (x <= 1.3d0) then
tmp = x + ((-0.16666666666666666d0) * (x ** 3.0d0))
else
tmp = log((x * 2.0d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.3) {
tmp = Math.log((-0.5 / x));
} else if (x <= 1.3) {
tmp = x + (-0.16666666666666666 * Math.pow(x, 3.0));
} else {
tmp = Math.log((x * 2.0));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= -1.3: tmp = math.log((-0.5 / x)) elif x <= 1.3: tmp = x + (-0.16666666666666666 * math.pow(x, 3.0)) else: tmp = math.log((x * 2.0)) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -1.3) tmp = log(Float64(-0.5 / x)); elseif (x <= 1.3) tmp = Float64(x + Float64(-0.16666666666666666 * (x ^ 3.0))); else tmp = log(Float64(x * 2.0)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -1.3) tmp = log((-0.5 / x)); elseif (x <= 1.3) tmp = x + (-0.16666666666666666 * (x ^ 3.0)); else tmp = log((x * 2.0)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.3], N[Log[N[(-0.5 / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 1.3], N[(x + N[(-0.16666666666666666 * N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Log[N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.3:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{-0.5}{x}\right)\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.3:\\
\;\;\;\;x + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot {x}^{3}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(x \cdot 2\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1.30000000000000004Initial program 1.7%
Taylor expanded in x around -inf 100.0%
if -1.30000000000000004 < x < 1.30000000000000004Initial program 9.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.8%
distribute-rgt-in99.8%
*-lft-identity99.8%
associate-*l*99.8%
unpow299.8%
unpow399.8%
Simplified99.8%
if 1.30000000000000004 < x Initial program 53.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
Simplified100.0%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -1.3) (log (/ -0.5 x)) (if (<= x 1.3) x (log (* x 2.0)))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.3) {
tmp = log((-0.5 / x));
} else if (x <= 1.3) {
tmp = x;
} else {
tmp = log((x * 2.0));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-1.3d0)) then
tmp = log(((-0.5d0) / x))
else if (x <= 1.3d0) then
tmp = x
else
tmp = log((x * 2.0d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.3) {
tmp = Math.log((-0.5 / x));
} else if (x <= 1.3) {
tmp = x;
} else {
tmp = Math.log((x * 2.0));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= -1.3: tmp = math.log((-0.5 / x)) elif x <= 1.3: tmp = x else: tmp = math.log((x * 2.0)) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -1.3) tmp = log(Float64(-0.5 / x)); elseif (x <= 1.3) tmp = x; else tmp = log(Float64(x * 2.0)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -1.3) tmp = log((-0.5 / x)); elseif (x <= 1.3) tmp = x; else tmp = log((x * 2.0)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.3], N[Log[N[(-0.5 / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 1.3], x, N[Log[N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.3:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{-0.5}{x}\right)\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.3:\\
\;\;\;\;x\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(x \cdot 2\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1.30000000000000004Initial program 1.7%
Taylor expanded in x around -inf 100.0%
if -1.30000000000000004 < x < 1.30000000000000004Initial program 9.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.9%
if 1.30000000000000004 < x Initial program 53.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
Simplified100.0%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 1.3) x (log (* x 2.0))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.3) {
tmp = x;
} else {
tmp = log((x * 2.0));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 1.3d0) then
tmp = x
else
tmp = log((x * 2.0d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.3) {
tmp = x;
} else {
tmp = Math.log((x * 2.0));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= 1.3: tmp = x else: tmp = math.log((x * 2.0)) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 1.3) tmp = x; else tmp = log(Float64(x * 2.0)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 1.3) tmp = x; else tmp = log((x * 2.0)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.3], x, N[Log[N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.3:\\
\;\;\;\;x\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(x \cdot 2\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < 1.30000000000000004Initial program 7.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 71.2%
if 1.30000000000000004 < x Initial program 53.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
Simplified100.0%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 x)
double code(double x) {
return x;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = x
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return x;
}
def code(x): return x
function code(x) return x end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x; end
code[x_] := x
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x
\end{array}
Initial program 18.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 54.9%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0)))) (if (< x 0.0) (log (/ -1.0 (- x t_0))) (log (+ x t_0)))))
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0));
double tmp;
if (x < 0.0) {
tmp = log((-1.0 / (x - t_0)));
} else {
tmp = log((x + t_0));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0d0))
if (x < 0.0d0) then
tmp = log(((-1.0d0) / (x - t_0)))
else
tmp = log((x + t_0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double t_0 = Math.sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0));
double tmp;
if (x < 0.0) {
tmp = Math.log((-1.0 / (x - t_0)));
} else {
tmp = Math.log((x + t_0));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): t_0 = math.sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0)) tmp = 0 if x < 0.0: tmp = math.log((-1.0 / (x - t_0))) else: tmp = math.log((x + t_0)) return tmp
function code(x) t_0 = sqrt(Float64(Float64(x * x) + 1.0)) tmp = 0.0 if (x < 0.0) tmp = log(Float64(-1.0 / Float64(x - t_0))); else tmp = log(Float64(x + t_0)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) t_0 = sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0)); tmp = 0.0; if (x < 0.0) tmp = log((-1.0 / (x - t_0))); else tmp = log((x + t_0)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sqrt[N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[x, 0.0], N[Log[N[(-1.0 / N[(x - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[Log[N[(x + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\\
\mathbf{if}\;x < 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{-1}{x - t\_0}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(x + t\_0\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024151
(FPCore (x)
:name "Hyperbolic arcsine"
:precision binary64
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (if (< x 0) (log (/ -1 (- x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1))))) (log (+ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1))))))
(log (+ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0)))))