
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Final simplification98.9%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(+
(- (* u (+ 2.0 (* u (- 2.0 (* u -2.6666666666666665))))) (log PI))
(-
(log s)
(* 0.25 (/ s (+ (* -0.25 (* u PI)) (* PI (+ 0.25 (* u -0.25))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (((u * (2.0f + (u * (2.0f - (u * -2.6666666666666665f))))) - logf(((float) M_PI))) + (logf(s) - (0.25f * (s / ((-0.25f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) + (((float) M_PI) * (0.25f + (u * -0.25f))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(2.0) + Float32(u * Float32(Float32(2.0) - Float32(u * Float32(-2.6666666666666665)))))) - log(Float32(pi))) + Float32(log(s) - Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(s / Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.25) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(0.25) + Float32(u * Float32(-0.25)))))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (((u * (single(2.0) + (u * (single(2.0) - (u * single(-2.6666666666666665)))))) - log(single(pi))) + (log(s) - (single(0.25) * (s / ((single(-0.25) * (u * single(pi))) + (single(pi) * (single(0.25) + (u * single(-0.25))))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\left(u \cdot \left(2 + u \cdot \left(2 - u \cdot -2.6666666666666665\right)\right) - \log \pi\right) + \left(\log s - 0.25 \cdot \frac{s}{-0.25 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) + \pi \cdot \left(0.25 + u \cdot -0.25\right)}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.5%
associate-*r/24.5%
+-commutative24.5%
associate-*r/24.5%
fma-define24.5%
Simplified24.5%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 24.6%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.9%
Final simplification24.9%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(-
(log s)
(* 0.25 (/ s (+ (* -0.25 (* u PI)) (* PI (+ 0.25 (* u -0.25)))))))
(log PI))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * ((logf(s) - (0.25f * (s / ((-0.25f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) + (((float) M_PI) * (0.25f + (u * -0.25f))))))) - logf(((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(log(s) - Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(s / Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.25) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(0.25) + Float32(u * Float32(-0.25)))))))) - log(Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * ((log(s) - (single(0.25) * (s / ((single(-0.25) * (u * single(pi))) + (single(pi) * (single(0.25) + (u * single(-0.25)))))))) - log(single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\left(\log s - 0.25 \cdot \frac{s}{-0.25 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) + \pi \cdot \left(0.25 + u \cdot -0.25\right)}\right) - \log \pi\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.5%
associate-*r/24.5%
+-commutative24.5%
associate-*r/24.5%
fma-define24.5%
Simplified24.5%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 24.6%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.8%
Final simplification24.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (/ (* 2.0 (* u PI)) (+ 1.0 (/ PI s))) (* s (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return ((2.0f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) / (1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s))) - (s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s))) - Float32(s * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{2 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right)}{1 + \frac{\pi}{s}} - s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.5%
associate-*r/24.5%
+-commutative24.5%
associate-*r/24.5%
fma-define24.5%
Simplified24.5%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.8%
+-commutative24.8%
mul-1-neg24.8%
unsub-neg24.8%
associate-*r/24.8%
*-commutative24.8%
*-commutative24.8%
log1p-define24.8%
Simplified24.8%
Final simplification24.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.5%
associate-*r/24.5%
+-commutative24.5%
associate-*r/24.5%
fma-define24.5%
Simplified24.5%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.8%
associate-*r*24.8%
neg-mul-124.8%
log1p-define24.8%
Simplified24.8%
Final simplification24.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* PI (* u 2.0)) PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (((float) M_PI) * (u * 2.0f)) - ((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(u * Float32(2.0))) - Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (single(pi) * (u * single(2.0))) - single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\pi \cdot \left(u \cdot 2\right) - \pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.4%
associate--r+11.4%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.4%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.4%
metadata-eval11.4%
associate-*r*11.4%
distribute-rgt-out11.4%
metadata-eval11.4%
*-commutative11.4%
*-commutative11.4%
associate-*l*11.4%
Simplified11.4%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.4%
neg-mul-111.4%
+-commutative11.4%
associate-*r*11.4%
fma-define11.4%
Simplified11.4%
fmm-undef11.4%
*-commutative11.4%
Applied egg-rr11.4%
Final simplification11.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* PI (+ -1.0 (* u 2.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return ((float) M_PI) * (-1.0f + (u * 2.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(u * Float32(2.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(pi) * (single(-1.0) + (u * single(2.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\pi \cdot \left(-1 + u \cdot 2\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.4%
associate--r+11.4%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.4%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.4%
metadata-eval11.4%
associate-*r*11.4%
distribute-rgt-out11.4%
metadata-eval11.4%
*-commutative11.4%
*-commutative11.4%
associate-*l*11.4%
Simplified11.4%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.4%
neg-mul-111.4%
+-commutative11.4%
associate-*r*11.4%
fma-define11.4%
Simplified11.4%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.4%
sub-neg11.4%
associate-*r*11.4%
*-commutative11.4%
neg-mul-111.4%
distribute-rgt-out11.4%
Simplified11.4%
Final simplification11.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (/ (* s (- PI)) s))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (s * -((float) M_PI)) / s;
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(s * Float32(-Float32(pi))) / s) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (s * -single(pi)) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{s \cdot \left(-\pi\right)}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.1%
associate-*r/11.1%
Applied egg-rr11.1%
Final simplification11.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.1%
neg-mul-111.1%
Simplified11.1%
herbie shell --seed 2024151
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))