
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 6 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(-
(*
a
(-
(*
(pow c 4.0)
(* a (- (* -5.0 (/ a (pow b 7.0))) (/ 2.0 (* c (pow b 5.0))))))
(/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0))))
(/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((pow(c, 4.0) * (a * ((-5.0 * (a / pow(b, 7.0))) - (2.0 / (c * pow(b, 5.0)))))) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * (((c ** 4.0d0) * (a * (((-5.0d0) * (a / (b ** 7.0d0))) - (2.0d0 / (c * (b ** 5.0d0)))))) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((Math.pow(c, 4.0) * (a * ((-5.0 * (a / Math.pow(b, 7.0))) - (2.0 / (c * Math.pow(b, 5.0)))))) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((math.pow(c, 4.0) * (a * ((-5.0 * (a / math.pow(b, 7.0))) - (2.0 / (c * math.pow(b, 5.0)))))) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64((c ^ 4.0) * Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-5.0 * Float64(a / (b ^ 7.0))) - Float64(2.0 / Float64(c * (b ^ 5.0)))))) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * (((c ^ 4.0) * (a * ((-5.0 * (a / (b ^ 7.0))) - (2.0 / (c * (b ^ 5.0)))))) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * N[(N[(-5.0 * N[(a / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(2.0 / N[(c * N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left({c}^{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-5 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{7}} - \frac{2}{c \cdot {b}^{5}}\right)\right) - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 18.7%
*-commutative18.7%
+-commutative18.7%
sqr-neg18.7%
unsub-neg18.7%
sqr-neg18.7%
fma-neg18.7%
distribute-lft-neg-in18.7%
*-commutative18.7%
*-commutative18.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in18.7%
metadata-eval18.7%
Simplified18.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.9%
Taylor expanded in c around inf 97.9%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.9%
associate-*r/97.9%
metadata-eval97.9%
*-commutative97.9%
Simplified97.9%
associate-*r/97.9%
neg-mul-197.9%
Applied egg-rr97.9%
Final simplification97.9%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* a (* (pow c 2.0) (+ (* -2.0 (/ (* c a) (pow b 5.0))) (/ -1.0 (pow b 3.0))))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * (pow(c, 2.0) * ((-2.0 * ((c * a) / pow(b, 5.0))) + (-1.0 / pow(b, 3.0))))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * ((c ** 2.0d0) * (((-2.0d0) * ((c * a) / (b ** 5.0d0))) + ((-1.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0))))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * (Math.pow(c, 2.0) * ((-2.0 * ((c * a) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-1.0 / Math.pow(b, 3.0))))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * (math.pow(c, 2.0) * ((-2.0 * ((c * a) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-1.0 / math.pow(b, 3.0))))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64((c ^ 2.0) * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64(c * a) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(-1.0 / (b ^ 3.0))))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * ((c ^ 2.0) * ((-2.0 * ((c * a) / (b ^ 5.0))) + (-1.0 / (b ^ 3.0))))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left({c}^{2} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{c \cdot a}{{b}^{5}} + \frac{-1}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 18.7%
*-commutative18.7%
+-commutative18.7%
sqr-neg18.7%
unsub-neg18.7%
sqr-neg18.7%
fma-neg18.7%
distribute-lft-neg-in18.7%
*-commutative18.7%
*-commutative18.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in18.7%
metadata-eval18.7%
Simplified18.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.9%
Taylor expanded in c around inf 97.9%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 96.7%
Final simplification96.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (+ (* c (- (* -2.0 (/ (* c (pow a 2.0)) (pow b 5.0))) (/ a (pow b 3.0)))) (/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * pow(a, 2.0)) / pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((c * (((-2.0d0) * ((c * (a ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 5.0d0))) - (a / (b ** 3.0d0)))) + ((-1.0d0) / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * Math.pow(a, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * math.pow(a, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64(c * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - (a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(c * N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{c \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 18.7%
*-commutative18.7%
+-commutative18.7%
sqr-neg18.7%
unsub-neg18.7%
sqr-neg18.7%
fma-neg18.7%
distribute-lft-neg-in18.7%
*-commutative18.7%
*-commutative18.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in18.7%
metadata-eval18.7%
Simplified18.7%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 96.3%
associate-*r/96.3%
Applied egg-rr96.3%
neg-mul-196.3%
Simplified96.3%
Final simplification96.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (/ c (- b)) (* a (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c / -b) - (a * (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (c / -b) - (a * ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c / -b) - (a * (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (c / -b) - (a * (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c / Float64(-b)) - Float64(a * Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (c / -b) - (a * ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b} - a \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}
\end{array}
Initial program 18.7%
*-commutative18.7%
+-commutative18.7%
sqr-neg18.7%
unsub-neg18.7%
sqr-neg18.7%
fma-neg18.7%
distribute-lft-neg-in18.7%
*-commutative18.7%
*-commutative18.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in18.7%
metadata-eval18.7%
Simplified18.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 94.7%
mul-1-neg94.7%
unsub-neg94.7%
mul-1-neg94.7%
distribute-neg-frac294.7%
associate-/l*94.7%
Simplified94.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- (- c) (* a (pow (/ c b) 2.0))) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-c - (a * pow((c / b), 2.0))) / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-c - (a * ((c / b) ** 2.0d0))) / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-c - (a * Math.pow((c / b), 2.0))) / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-c - (a * math.pow((c / b), 2.0))) / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-c) - Float64(a * (Float64(c / b) ^ 2.0))) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-c - (a * ((c / b) ^ 2.0))) / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-c) - N[(a * N[Power[N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-c\right) - a \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 18.7%
*-commutative18.7%
+-commutative18.7%
sqr-neg18.7%
unsub-neg18.7%
sqr-neg18.7%
fma-neg18.7%
distribute-lft-neg-in18.7%
*-commutative18.7%
*-commutative18.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in18.7%
metadata-eval18.7%
Simplified18.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 94.7%
mul-1-neg94.7%
unsub-neg94.7%
mul-1-neg94.7%
associate-/l*94.7%
Simplified94.7%
add-cube-cbrt93.0%
pow393.0%
div-inv93.0%
pow-flip93.0%
metadata-eval93.0%
Applied egg-rr93.0%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 93.0%
associate-/l*93.0%
unpow293.0%
unpow293.0%
times-frac93.0%
sqr-neg93.0%
distribute-frac-neg93.0%
distribute-frac-neg93.0%
*-rgt-identity93.0%
associate-/l*93.0%
distribute-lft-neg-in93.0%
*-rgt-identity93.0%
associate-/l*93.0%
distribute-lft-neg-in93.0%
sqr-neg93.0%
unpow293.0%
*-commutative93.0%
associate-*l/93.0%
metadata-eval93.0%
distribute-lft-neg-in93.0%
neg-mul-193.0%
remove-double-neg93.0%
Simplified93.0%
rem-cube-cbrt94.7%
Applied egg-rr94.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return c / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 18.7%
*-commutative18.7%
+-commutative18.7%
sqr-neg18.7%
unsub-neg18.7%
sqr-neg18.7%
fma-neg18.7%
distribute-lft-neg-in18.7%
*-commutative18.7%
*-commutative18.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in18.7%
metadata-eval18.7%
Simplified18.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 89.7%
associate-*r/89.7%
mul-1-neg89.7%
Simplified89.7%
Final simplification89.7%
herbie shell --seed 2024150
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))