
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt x)))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt((x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt((x + 1.0d0)) - sqrt(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) - Math.sqrt(x);
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) - math.sqrt(x)
function code(x) return Float64(sqrt(Float64(x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt((x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{x + 1} - \sqrt{x}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 6 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt x)))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt((x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt((x + 1.0d0)) - sqrt(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) - Math.sqrt(x);
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) - math.sqrt(x)
function code(x) return Float64(sqrt(Float64(x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt((x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{x + 1} - \sqrt{x}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (+ (sqrt x) (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)))))
double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (sqrt(x) + sqrt((1.0 + x)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.0d0 / (sqrt(x) + sqrt((1.0d0 + x)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (Math.sqrt(x) + Math.sqrt((1.0 + x)));
}
def code(x): return 1.0 / (math.sqrt(x) + math.sqrt((1.0 + x)))
function code(x) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(sqrt(x) + sqrt(Float64(1.0 + x)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt(x) + sqrt((1.0 + x))); end
code[x_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{1 + x}}
\end{array}
Initial program 6.0%
flip--6.7%
div-inv6.7%
add-sqr-sqrt6.5%
add-sqr-sqrt7.7%
associate--l+7.7%
Applied egg-rr7.7%
associate-*r/7.7%
*-rgt-identity7.7%
+-commutative7.7%
associate-+l-99.6%
+-inverses99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
Simplified99.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 0.5 (pow x -0.5)))
double code(double x) {
return 0.5 * pow(x, -0.5);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.5d0 * (x ** (-0.5d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.5 * Math.pow(x, -0.5);
}
def code(x): return 0.5 * math.pow(x, -0.5)
function code(x) return Float64(0.5 * (x ^ -0.5)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.5 * (x ^ -0.5); end
code[x_] := N[(0.5 * N[Power[x, -0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.5 \cdot {x}^{-0.5}
\end{array}
Initial program 6.0%
flip--6.7%
div-inv6.7%
add-sqr-sqrt6.5%
add-sqr-sqrt7.7%
associate--l+7.7%
Applied egg-rr7.7%
associate-*r/7.7%
*-rgt-identity7.7%
+-commutative7.7%
associate-+l-99.6%
+-inverses99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.4%
unpow-198.4%
metadata-eval98.4%
pow-sqr98.6%
rem-sqrt-square98.6%
rem-square-sqrt97.9%
fabs-sqr97.9%
rem-square-sqrt98.6%
Simplified98.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (sqrt (/ 0.25 x)))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt((0.25 / x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt((0.25d0 / x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt((0.25 / x));
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt((0.25 / x))
function code(x) return sqrt(Float64(0.25 / x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt((0.25 / x)); end
code[x_] := N[Sqrt[N[(0.25 / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{x}}
\end{array}
Initial program 6.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.4%
add-sqr-sqrt97.7%
sqrt-unprod98.4%
*-commutative98.4%
*-commutative98.4%
swap-sqr98.4%
add-sqr-sqrt98.4%
metadata-eval98.4%
Applied egg-rr98.4%
associate-*l/98.4%
metadata-eval98.4%
Simplified98.4%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (pow x -0.5))
double code(double x) {
return pow(x, -0.5);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = x ** (-0.5d0)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.pow(x, -0.5);
}
def code(x): return math.pow(x, -0.5)
function code(x) return x ^ -0.5 end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x ^ -0.5; end
code[x_] := N[Power[x, -0.5], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{x}^{-0.5}
\end{array}
Initial program 6.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 1.6%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 1.6%
neg-mul-11.6%
Simplified1.6%
add-sqr-sqrt0.0%
sqrt-unprod5.2%
sqr-neg5.2%
add-exp-log5.2%
add-sqr-sqrt5.2%
add-sqr-sqrt5.2%
sqrt-unprod5.2%
sqr-neg5.2%
sqrt-unprod0.0%
add-sqr-sqrt18.7%
neg-log18.7%
inv-pow18.7%
add-exp-log18.7%
sqrt-pow118.7%
metadata-eval18.7%
Applied egg-rr18.7%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 x))
double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / x;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.0d0 / x
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / x;
}
def code(x): return 1.0 / x
function code(x) return Float64(1.0 / x) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.0 / x; end
code[x_] := N[(1.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{x}
\end{array}
Initial program 6.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 1.6%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 1.6%
neg-mul-11.6%
Simplified1.6%
Applied egg-rr6.8%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 0.5)
double code(double x) {
return 0.5;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.5d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.5;
}
def code(x): return 0.5
function code(x) return 0.5 end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.5; end
code[x_] := 0.5
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.5
\end{array}
Initial program 6.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.4%
pow1/298.4%
pow-to-exp91.1%
log-rec91.1%
Applied egg-rr91.1%
Applied egg-rr6.8%
*-commutative6.8%
associate-/l*6.8%
*-inverses6.8%
metadata-eval6.8%
Simplified6.8%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (+ (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt x))))
double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (sqrt((x + 1.0)) + sqrt(x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.0d0 / (sqrt((x + 1.0d0)) + sqrt(x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (Math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) + Math.sqrt(x));
}
def code(x): return 1.0 / (math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) + math.sqrt(x))
function code(x) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(sqrt(Float64(x + 1.0)) + sqrt(x))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt((x + 1.0)) + sqrt(x)); end
code[x_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[Sqrt[N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{x + 1} + \sqrt{x}}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024149
(FPCore (x)
:name "2sqrt (example 3.1)"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (> x 1.0) (< x 1e+308))
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (/ 1 (+ (sqrt (+ x 1)) (sqrt x))))
(- (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt x)))