
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (/ (sinh x) x)))
double code(double x) {
return log((sinh(x) / x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((sinh(x) / x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((Math.sinh(x) / x));
}
def code(x): return math.log((math.sinh(x) / x))
function code(x) return log(Float64(sinh(x) / x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((sinh(x) / x)); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 4 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (/ (sinh x) x)))
double code(double x) {
return log((sinh(x) / x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((sinh(x) / x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((Math.sinh(x) / x));
}
def code(x): return math.log((math.sinh(x) / x))
function code(x) return log(Float64(sinh(x) / x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((sinh(x) / x)); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(*
x
(*
x
(/
0.027777777777777776
(fma (pow x 2.0) 0.005555555555555556 0.16666666666666666)))))
double code(double x) {
return x * (x * (0.027777777777777776 / fma(pow(x, 2.0), 0.005555555555555556, 0.16666666666666666)));
}
function code(x) return Float64(x * Float64(x * Float64(0.027777777777777776 / fma((x ^ 2.0), 0.005555555555555556, 0.16666666666666666)))) end
code[x_] := N[(x * N[(x * N[(0.027777777777777776 / N[(N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * 0.005555555555555556 + 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{0.027777777777777776}{\mathsf{fma}\left({x}^{2}, 0.005555555555555556, 0.16666666666666666\right)}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 52.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 95.9%
*-commutative95.9%
Simplified95.9%
flip-+95.9%
associate-*r/95.9%
metadata-eval95.9%
swap-sqr95.9%
pow-prod-up95.9%
metadata-eval95.9%
metadata-eval95.9%
*-commutative95.9%
cancel-sign-sub-inv95.9%
metadata-eval95.9%
Applied egg-rr95.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 96.3%
*-commutative96.3%
Simplified96.3%
associate-/l*96.3%
pow296.3%
associate-*l*96.3%
+-commutative96.3%
*-commutative96.3%
fma-define96.3%
Applied egg-rr96.3%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (* 0.027777777777777776 (pow x 2.0)) (+ 0.16666666666666666 (* 0.005555555555555556 (* x x)))))
double code(double x) {
return (0.027777777777777776 * pow(x, 2.0)) / (0.16666666666666666 + (0.005555555555555556 * (x * x)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (0.027777777777777776d0 * (x ** 2.0d0)) / (0.16666666666666666d0 + (0.005555555555555556d0 * (x * x)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (0.027777777777777776 * Math.pow(x, 2.0)) / (0.16666666666666666 + (0.005555555555555556 * (x * x)));
}
def code(x): return (0.027777777777777776 * math.pow(x, 2.0)) / (0.16666666666666666 + (0.005555555555555556 * (x * x)))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(0.027777777777777776 * (x ^ 2.0)) / Float64(0.16666666666666666 + Float64(0.005555555555555556 * Float64(x * x)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (0.027777777777777776 * (x ^ 2.0)) / (0.16666666666666666 + (0.005555555555555556 * (x * x))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(0.027777777777777776 * N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.16666666666666666 + N[(0.005555555555555556 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.027777777777777776 \cdot {x}^{2}}{0.16666666666666666 + 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 52.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 95.9%
*-commutative95.9%
Simplified95.9%
flip-+95.9%
associate-*r/95.9%
metadata-eval95.9%
swap-sqr95.9%
pow-prod-up95.9%
metadata-eval95.9%
metadata-eval95.9%
*-commutative95.9%
cancel-sign-sub-inv95.9%
metadata-eval95.9%
Applied egg-rr95.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 96.3%
*-commutative96.3%
Simplified96.3%
unpow296.3%
Applied egg-rr96.3%
Final simplification96.3%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 0.16666666666666666 (* x x)))
double code(double x) {
return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.16666666666666666d0 * (x * x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x);
}
def code(x): return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)
function code(x) return Float64(0.16666666666666666 * Float64(x * x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x); end
code[x_] := N[(0.16666666666666666 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 52.0%
clear-num52.0%
neg-log52.0%
Applied egg-rr52.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 95.9%
*-commutative95.9%
Simplified95.9%
unpow296.3%
Applied egg-rr95.9%
Final simplification95.9%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 0.0)
double code(double x) {
return 0.0;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.0;
}
def code(x): return 0.0
function code(x) return 0.0 end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.0; end
code[x_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 52.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 50.1%
metadata-eval50.1%
Applied egg-rr50.1%
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(if (< (fabs x) 0.085)
(*
(* x x)
(fma
(fma
(fma -2.6455026455026456e-5 (* x x) 0.0003527336860670194)
(* x x)
-0.005555555555555556)
(* x x)
0.16666666666666666))
(log (/ (sinh x) x))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (fabs(x) < 0.085) {
tmp = (x * x) * fma(fma(fma(-2.6455026455026456e-5, (x * x), 0.0003527336860670194), (x * x), -0.005555555555555556), (x * x), 0.16666666666666666);
} else {
tmp = log((sinh(x) / x));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (abs(x) < 0.085) tmp = Float64(Float64(x * x) * fma(fma(fma(-2.6455026455026456e-5, Float64(x * x), 0.0003527336860670194), Float64(x * x), -0.005555555555555556), Float64(x * x), 0.16666666666666666)); else tmp = log(Float64(sinh(x) / x)); end return tmp end
code[x_] := If[Less[N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision], 0.085], N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(-2.6455026455026456e-5 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 0.0003527336860670194), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + -0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Log[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\left|x\right| < 0.085:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.6455026455026456 \cdot 10^{-5}, x \cdot x, 0.0003527336860670194\right), x \cdot x, -0.005555555555555556\right), x \cdot x, 0.16666666666666666\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024148
(FPCore (x)
:name "bug500, discussion (missed optimization)"
:precision binary64
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (if (< (fabs x) 17/200) (let ((x2 (* x x))) (* x2 (fma (fma (fma -1/37800 x2 1/2835) x2 -1/180) x2 1/6))) (log (/ (sinh x) x))))
(log (/ (sinh x) x)))