VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)

Percentage Accurate: 7.1% → 99.0%
Time: 18.2s
Alternatives: 9
Speedup: 4.9×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\ t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\ t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\ -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (t_1 (exp t_0)) (t_2 (exp (- t_0))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ t_1 t_2) (- t_1 t_2)))))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = Math.exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0)) * Math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = (math.pi / 4.0) * f
	t_1 = math.exp(t_0)
	t_2 = math.exp(-t_0)
	return -((1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0)) * math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))))
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / 4.0) * f)
	t_1 = exp(t_0)
	t_2 = exp(Float64(-t_0))
	return Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)) * log(Float64(Float64(t_1 + t_2) / Float64(t_1 - t_2)))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = (pi / 4.0) * f;
	t_1 = exp(t_0);
	t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	tmp = -((1.0 / (pi / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * f), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-t$95$0)], $MachinePrecision]}, (-N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(t$95$1 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\
t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\
t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\
-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 9 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 7.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\ t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\ t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\ -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (t_1 (exp t_0)) (t_2 (exp (- t_0))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ t_1 t_2) (- t_1 t_2)))))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = Math.exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0)) * Math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = (math.pi / 4.0) * f
	t_1 = math.exp(t_0)
	t_2 = math.exp(-t_0)
	return -((1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0)) * math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))))
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / 4.0) * f)
	t_1 = exp(t_0)
	t_2 = exp(Float64(-t_0))
	return Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)) * log(Float64(Float64(t_1 + t_2) / Float64(t_1 - t_2)))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = (pi / 4.0) * f;
	t_1 = exp(t_0);
	t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	tmp = -((1.0 / (pi / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * f), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-t$95$0)], $MachinePrecision]}, (-N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(t$95$1 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\
t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\
t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\
-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (*
   -4.0
   (log1p
    (exp
     (log
      (+
       (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI 0.5))))
       (+ -1.0 (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI -0.5))))))))))
  PI))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * log1p(exp(log(((1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * -0.5)))))))))) / ((double) M_PI);
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * Math.log1p(Math.exp(Math.log(((1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * -0.5)))))))))) / Math.PI;
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 * math.log1p(math.exp(math.log(((1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * -0.5)))))))))) / math.pi
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log1p(exp(log(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * 0.5)))) + Float64(-1.0 + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * -0.5)))))))))) / pi)
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[1 + N[Exp[N[Log[N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.9%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/5.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  6. Simplified98.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-log1p-u97.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. expm1-undefine97.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)} - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr97.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)} - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-define97.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. expm1-log1p-u98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}{\pi} \]
    3. log1p-expm1-u98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    4. log1p-undefine98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    5. expm1-undefine98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    6. add-exp-log98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(1 + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
  10. Applied egg-rr98.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. log1p-define98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. associate--l+98.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  12. Simplified98.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
  13. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-exp-log98.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)\right)}}\right)}{\pi} \]
    2. sub-neg98.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1\right)\right)}\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. metadata-eval98.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \color{blue}{-1}\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  14. Applied egg-rr98.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}}\right)}{\pi} \]
  15. Final simplification98.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  16. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.0% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (*
   -4.0
   (log1p
    (+
     (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI 0.5))))
     (+ -1.0 (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI -0.5))))))))
  PI))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * log1p(((1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * -0.5)))))))) / ((double) M_PI);
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * Math.log1p(((1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * -0.5)))))))) / Math.PI;
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 * math.log1p(((1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * -0.5)))))))) / math.pi
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log1p(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * 0.5)))) + Float64(-1.0 + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * -0.5)))))))) / pi)
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[1 + N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.9%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/5.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  6. Simplified98.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-log1p-u97.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. expm1-undefine97.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)} - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr97.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)} - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-define97.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. expm1-log1p-u98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}{\pi} \]
    3. log1p-expm1-u98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    4. log1p-undefine98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    5. expm1-undefine98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    6. add-exp-log98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(1 + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
  10. Applied egg-rr98.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. log1p-define98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. associate--l+98.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  12. Simplified98.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
  13. Final simplification98.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
  14. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.9% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (*
   -4.0
   (log
    (+ (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI 0.5)))) (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI -0.5)))))))
  PI))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * log(((1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * -0.5))))))) / ((double) M_PI);
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * Math.log(((1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * -0.5))))))) / Math.PI;
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 * math.log(((1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * -0.5))))))) / math.pi
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * 0.5)))) + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * -0.5))))))) / pi)
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.9%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/5.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  6. Simplified98.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 98.8% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (log (+ (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* 0.5 (* f PI)))) (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* PI (* f -0.5))))))
  (/ -4.0 PI)))
double code(double f) {
	return log(((1.0 / expm1((0.5 * (f * ((double) M_PI))))) + (-1.0 / expm1((((double) M_PI) * (f * -0.5)))))) * (-4.0 / ((double) M_PI));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return Math.log(((1.0 / Math.expm1((0.5 * (f * Math.PI)))) + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((Math.PI * (f * -0.5)))))) * (-4.0 / Math.PI);
}
def code(f):
	return math.log(((1.0 / math.expm1((0.5 * (f * math.pi)))) + (-1.0 / math.expm1((math.pi * (f * -0.5)))))) * (-4.0 / math.pi)
function code(f)
	return Float64(log(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(0.5 * Float64(f * pi)))) + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(pi * Float64(f * -0.5)))))) * Float64(-4.0 / pi))
end
code[f_] := N[(N[Log[N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(0.5 * N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(Pi * N[(f * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.9%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Final simplification98.5%

    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 98.1% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;f \leq 225:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 + f \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot -0.08333333333333333 + \pi \cdot 0.125\right) - \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= f 225.0)
   (/
    (*
     -4.0
     (log1p
      (/
       (+
        (*
         f
         (+
          -1.0
          (*
           f
           (-
            (+ (* PI -0.08333333333333333) (* PI 0.125))
            (+ (* PI -0.125) (* PI 0.08333333333333333))))))
        (* 4.0 (/ 1.0 PI)))
       f)))
    PI)
   (/ (* -4.0 (log (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* PI (* f -0.5)))))) PI)))
double code(double f) {
	double tmp;
	if (f <= 225.0) {
		tmp = (-4.0 * log1p((((f * (-1.0 + (f * (((((double) M_PI) * -0.08333333333333333) + (((double) M_PI) * 0.125)) - ((((double) M_PI) * -0.125) + (((double) M_PI) * 0.08333333333333333)))))) + (4.0 * (1.0 / ((double) M_PI)))) / f))) / ((double) M_PI);
	} else {
		tmp = (-4.0 * log((-1.0 / expm1((((double) M_PI) * (f * -0.5)))))) / ((double) M_PI);
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double tmp;
	if (f <= 225.0) {
		tmp = (-4.0 * Math.log1p((((f * (-1.0 + (f * (((Math.PI * -0.08333333333333333) + (Math.PI * 0.125)) - ((Math.PI * -0.125) + (Math.PI * 0.08333333333333333)))))) + (4.0 * (1.0 / Math.PI))) / f))) / Math.PI;
	} else {
		tmp = (-4.0 * Math.log((-1.0 / Math.expm1((Math.PI * (f * -0.5)))))) / Math.PI;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(f):
	tmp = 0
	if f <= 225.0:
		tmp = (-4.0 * math.log1p((((f * (-1.0 + (f * (((math.pi * -0.08333333333333333) + (math.pi * 0.125)) - ((math.pi * -0.125) + (math.pi * 0.08333333333333333)))))) + (4.0 * (1.0 / math.pi))) / f))) / math.pi
	else:
		tmp = (-4.0 * math.log((-1.0 / math.expm1((math.pi * (f * -0.5)))))) / math.pi
	return tmp
function code(f)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (f <= 225.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log1p(Float64(Float64(Float64(f * Float64(-1.0 + Float64(f * Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * -0.08333333333333333) + Float64(pi * 0.125)) - Float64(Float64(pi * -0.125) + Float64(pi * 0.08333333333333333)))))) + Float64(4.0 * Float64(1.0 / pi))) / f))) / pi);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log(Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(pi * Float64(f * -0.5)))))) / pi);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[f_] := If[LessEqual[f, 225.0], N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[1 + N[(N[(N[(f * N[(-1.0 + N[(f * N[(N[(N[(Pi * -0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] + N[(Pi * 0.125), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(Pi * -0.125), $MachinePrecision] + N[(Pi * 0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[(1.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(Pi * N[(f * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;f \leq 225:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 + f \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot -0.08333333333333333 + \pi \cdot 0.125\right) - \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if f < 225

    1. Initial program 6.1%

      \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    2. Simplified98.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 3.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/3.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
    6. Simplified98.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-log1p-u97.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
      2. expm1-undefine97.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)} - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
    8. Applied egg-rr97.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)} - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-define97.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
      2. expm1-log1p-u98.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}{\pi} \]
      3. log1p-expm1-u98.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
      4. log1p-undefine98.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
      5. expm1-undefine98.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
      6. add-exp-log98.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(1 + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
    10. Applied egg-rr98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. log1p-define98.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
      2. associate--l+98.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    12. Simplified98.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    13. Taylor expanded in f around 0 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{f \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) - 1\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}}\right)}{\pi} \]

    if 225 < f

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    2. Simplified100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 3.1%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-0.5 \cdot f + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in f around 0 3.2%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(\color{blue}{\frac{2}{f \cdot \pi}} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative3.2%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot f}} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    7. Simplified3.2%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(\color{blue}{\frac{2}{\pi \cdot f}} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in f around inf 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(-\frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(-\frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}}{\pi} \]
      3. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
      4. expm1-define100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}}\right)}{\pi} \]
      5. *-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.5}\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
      6. *-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot f\right)} \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
      7. associate-*l*100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    10. Simplified100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification97.6%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;f \leq 225:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 + f \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot -0.08333333333333333 + \pi \cdot 0.125\right) - \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 96.2% accurate, 4.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 + f \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot -0.08333333333333333 + \pi \cdot 0.125\right) - \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (*
   -4.0
   (log1p
    (/
     (+
      (*
       f
       (+
        -1.0
        (*
         f
         (-
          (+ (* PI -0.08333333333333333) (* PI 0.125))
          (+ (* PI -0.125) (* PI 0.08333333333333333))))))
      (* 4.0 (/ 1.0 PI)))
     f)))
  PI))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * log1p((((f * (-1.0 + (f * (((((double) M_PI) * -0.08333333333333333) + (((double) M_PI) * 0.125)) - ((((double) M_PI) * -0.125) + (((double) M_PI) * 0.08333333333333333)))))) + (4.0 * (1.0 / ((double) M_PI)))) / f))) / ((double) M_PI);
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * Math.log1p((((f * (-1.0 + (f * (((Math.PI * -0.08333333333333333) + (Math.PI * 0.125)) - ((Math.PI * -0.125) + (Math.PI * 0.08333333333333333)))))) + (4.0 * (1.0 / Math.PI))) / f))) / Math.PI;
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 * math.log1p((((f * (-1.0 + (f * (((math.pi * -0.08333333333333333) + (math.pi * 0.125)) - ((math.pi * -0.125) + (math.pi * 0.08333333333333333)))))) + (4.0 * (1.0 / math.pi))) / f))) / math.pi
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log1p(Float64(Float64(Float64(f * Float64(-1.0 + Float64(f * Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * -0.08333333333333333) + Float64(pi * 0.125)) - Float64(Float64(pi * -0.125) + Float64(pi * 0.08333333333333333)))))) + Float64(4.0 * Float64(1.0 / pi))) / f))) / pi)
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[1 + N[(N[(N[(f * N[(-1.0 + N[(f * N[(N[(N[(Pi * -0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] + N[(Pi * 0.125), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(Pi * -0.125), $MachinePrecision] + N[(Pi * 0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[(1.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 + f \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot -0.08333333333333333 + \pi \cdot 0.125\right) - \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.9%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/5.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  6. Simplified98.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-log1p-u97.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. expm1-undefine97.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)} - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr97.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)} - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-define97.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. expm1-log1p-u98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}{\pi} \]
    3. log1p-expm1-u98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    4. log1p-undefine98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    5. expm1-undefine98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    6. add-exp-log98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(1 + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
  10. Applied egg-rr98.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. log1p-define98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. associate--l+98.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  12. Simplified98.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - 1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
  13. Taylor expanded in f around 0 95.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{f \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) - 1\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}}\right)}{\pi} \]
  14. Final simplification95.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 + f \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot -0.08333333333333333 + \pi \cdot 0.125\right) - \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
  15. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 95.6% accurate, 4.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(-1 + \frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (* -4.0 (log1p (+ -1.0 (/ (/ 4.0 PI) f)))) PI))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * log1p((-1.0 + ((4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) / f)))) / ((double) M_PI);
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * Math.log1p((-1.0 + ((4.0 / Math.PI) / f)))) / Math.PI;
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 * math.log1p((-1.0 + ((4.0 / math.pi) / f)))) / math.pi
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log1p(Float64(-1.0 + Float64(Float64(4.0 / pi) / f)))) / pi)
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[1 + N[(-1.0 + N[(N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(-1 + \frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.9%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 95.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/95.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f\right)}{\pi}} \]
    2. mul-1-neg95.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. unsub-neg95.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)}}{\pi} \]
  6. Simplified95.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. log1p-expm1-u95.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. expm1-undefine95.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. diff-log95.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}} - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
    4. add-exp-log95.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}} - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr95.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f} - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
  9. Final simplification95.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(-1 + \frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 95.6% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (/ (* -4.0 (log (/ (/ 4.0 PI) f))) PI))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * log(((4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) / f))) / ((double) M_PI);
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * Math.log(((4.0 / Math.PI) / f))) / Math.PI;
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 * math.log(((4.0 / math.pi) / f))) / math.pi
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log(Float64(Float64(4.0 / pi) / f))) / pi)
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = (-4.0 * log(((4.0 / pi) / f))) / pi;
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[N[(N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.9%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/5.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  6. Simplified98.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in f around 0 95.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}}{\pi} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l/95.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
  9. Simplified95.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 95.5% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* (/ -4.0 PI) (log (/ 4.0 (* f PI)))))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) * log((4.0 / (f * ((double) M_PI))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 / Math.PI) * Math.log((4.0 / (f * Math.PI)));
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 / math.pi) * math.log((4.0 / (f * math.pi)))
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 / pi) * log(Float64(4.0 / Float64(f * pi))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = (-4.0 / pi) * log((4.0 / (f * pi)));
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(4.0 / N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.9%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 95.0%

    \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
  5. Final simplification95.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right) \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024148 
(FPCore (f)
  :name "VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)"
  :precision binary64
  (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4.0) f)))) (- (exp (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4.0) f)))))))))