NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, B

Percentage Accurate: 77.9% → 99.7%
Time: 9.2s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 1.9×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b):
	return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 77.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b):
	return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.7% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a + b}}{a \cdot b} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (/ (* 0.5 (/ PI (+ a b))) (* a b)))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return (0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / (a + b))) / (a * b);
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return (0.5 * (Math.PI / (a + b))) / (a * b);
}
def code(a, b):
	return (0.5 * (math.pi / (a + b))) / (a * b)
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / Float64(a + b))) / Float64(a * b))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = (0.5 * (pi / (a + b))) / (a * b);
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 84.5%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right)} \]
    2. associate-*r*84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    3. associate-*r/84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}\right) \cdot 1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    4. associate-*r*84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1\right)}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    5. *-rgt-identity84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    6. sub-neg84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    7. distribute-neg-frac84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    8. metadata-eval84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
  3. Simplified84.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}} \]
    2. div-inv84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
    3. metadata-eval84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \]
    4. *-commutative84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right)} \]
    5. associate-*r*84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \pi} \]
    6. *-commutative84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right)} \cdot \pi \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \pi} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
    2. *-commutative99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 0.5}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \]
    3. metadata-eval99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \]
    4. div-inv99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \]
    5. associate-/r*99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
    6. div-inv99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{a + b}}{a \cdot b} \]
    7. metadata-eval99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{a + b}}{a \cdot b} \]
    8. *-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \pi}}{a + b}}{a \cdot b} \]
    9. *-un-lft-identity99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(a + b\right)}}}{a \cdot b} \]
    10. times-frac99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{1} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a + b}}}{a \cdot b} \]
    11. metadata-eval99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a + b}}{a \cdot b} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 74.7% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -9.2 \cdot 10^{-47}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5}{b}}{a \cdot b}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= a -9.2e-47)
   (* (/ 0.5 a) (/ PI (* a b)))
   (* PI (/ (/ 0.5 b) (* a b)))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -9.2e-47) {
		tmp = (0.5 / a) * (((double) M_PI) / (a * b));
	} else {
		tmp = ((double) M_PI) * ((0.5 / b) / (a * b));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -9.2e-47) {
		tmp = (0.5 / a) * (Math.PI / (a * b));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.PI * ((0.5 / b) / (a * b));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if a <= -9.2e-47:
		tmp = (0.5 / a) * (math.pi / (a * b))
	else:
		tmp = math.pi * ((0.5 / b) / (a * b))
	return tmp
function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -9.2e-47)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 / a) * Float64(pi / Float64(a * b)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(pi * Float64(Float64(0.5 / b) / Float64(a * b)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (a <= -9.2e-47)
		tmp = (0.5 / a) * (pi / (a * b));
	else
		tmp = pi * ((0.5 / b) / (a * b));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -9.2e-47], N[(N[(0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(Pi / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(Pi * N[(N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -9.2 \cdot 10^{-47}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5}{b}}{a \cdot b}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -9.19999999999999928e-47

    1. Initial program 80.0%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l*80.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-rgt-identity80.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 1}}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      3. associate-/l*80.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      4. metadata-eval80.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      5. associate-*l/80.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
      6. *-lft-identity80.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      7. sub-neg80.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac80.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      9. metadata-eval80.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified80.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. metadata-eval80.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      2. div-inv80.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      3. *-commutative80.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}} \]
      4. clear-num80.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}}} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2} \]
      5. frac-times80.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \pi}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}} \cdot 2}} \]
      6. *-un-lft-identity80.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi}}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}} \cdot 2} \]
      7. frac-add80.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot b + a \cdot -1}{a \cdot b}}} \cdot 2} \]
      8. associate-/r/80.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{1 \cdot b + a \cdot -1} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)} \cdot 2} \]
      9. *-un-lft-identity80.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{b} + a \cdot -1} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      10. *-commutative80.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{b + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot a}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      11. neg-mul-180.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{b + \color{blue}{\left(-a\right)}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      12. sub-neg80.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{b - a}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      13. flip-+98.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right)} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      14. +-commutative98.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr98.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative98.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)}} \]
      2. associate-/r*98.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
    8. Simplified98.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l/98.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
      2. div-inv99.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
      3. metadata-eval99.0%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \frac{1}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{0.5}}} \]
      4. div-inv99.0%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}{0.5}}} \]
      5. clear-num99.0%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
      6. associate-/r*99.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
    10. Applied egg-rr99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
      2. associate-*l/99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}} \]
      3. *-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}} \]
      4. associate-/r*99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b}} \]
    12. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b}} \]
    13. Taylor expanded in a around inf 95.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b} \]
    14. Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}} \]

    if -9.19999999999999928e-47 < a

    1. Initial program 86.0%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l*86.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-rgt-identity86.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 1}}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      3. associate-/l*86.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      4. metadata-eval86.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      5. associate-*l/86.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
      6. *-lft-identity86.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      7. sub-neg86.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac86.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      9. metadata-eval86.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified86.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. metadata-eval86.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      2. div-inv86.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      3. *-commutative86.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}} \]
      4. clear-num85.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}}} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2} \]
      5. frac-times85.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \pi}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}} \cdot 2}} \]
      6. *-un-lft-identity85.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi}}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}} \cdot 2} \]
      7. frac-add85.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot b + a \cdot -1}{a \cdot b}}} \cdot 2} \]
      8. associate-/r/85.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{1 \cdot b + a \cdot -1} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)} \cdot 2} \]
      9. *-un-lft-identity85.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{b} + a \cdot -1} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      10. *-commutative85.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{b + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot a}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      11. neg-mul-185.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{b + \color{blue}{\left(-a\right)}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      12. sub-neg85.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{b - a}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      13. flip-+99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right)} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      14. +-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)}} \]
      2. associate-/r*99.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
    8. Simplified99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. div-inv99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \]
      2. metadata-eval99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \]
      3. *-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \pi}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \]
      4. associate-*l/99.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \pi} \]
      5. associate-/r*99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \cdot \pi \]
    10. Applied egg-rr99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b} \cdot \pi} \]
    11. Taylor expanded in a around 0 63.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{b}}}{a \cdot b} \cdot \pi \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification71.6%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -9.2 \cdot 10^{-47}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5}{b}}{a \cdot b}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 74.4% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -1.2 \cdot 10^{-45}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= a -1.2e-45)
   (* (/ 0.5 a) (/ PI (* a b)))
   (* PI (/ 0.5 (* b (* a b))))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -1.2e-45) {
		tmp = (0.5 / a) * (((double) M_PI) / (a * b));
	} else {
		tmp = ((double) M_PI) * (0.5 / (b * (a * b)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -1.2e-45) {
		tmp = (0.5 / a) * (Math.PI / (a * b));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.PI * (0.5 / (b * (a * b)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if a <= -1.2e-45:
		tmp = (0.5 / a) * (math.pi / (a * b))
	else:
		tmp = math.pi * (0.5 / (b * (a * b)))
	return tmp
function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -1.2e-45)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 / a) * Float64(pi / Float64(a * b)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(pi * Float64(0.5 / Float64(b * Float64(a * b))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (a <= -1.2e-45)
		tmp = (0.5 / a) * (pi / (a * b));
	else
		tmp = pi * (0.5 / (b * (a * b)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -1.2e-45], N[(N[(0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(Pi / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(Pi * N[(0.5 / N[(b * N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -1.2 \cdot 10^{-45}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -1.19999999999999995e-45

    1. Initial program 80.0%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l*80.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-rgt-identity80.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 1}}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      3. associate-/l*80.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      4. metadata-eval80.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      5. associate-*l/80.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
      6. *-lft-identity80.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      7. sub-neg80.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac80.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      9. metadata-eval80.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified80.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. metadata-eval80.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      2. div-inv80.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      3. *-commutative80.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}} \]
      4. clear-num80.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}}} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2} \]
      5. frac-times80.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \pi}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}} \cdot 2}} \]
      6. *-un-lft-identity80.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi}}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}} \cdot 2} \]
      7. frac-add80.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot b + a \cdot -1}{a \cdot b}}} \cdot 2} \]
      8. associate-/r/80.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{1 \cdot b + a \cdot -1} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)} \cdot 2} \]
      9. *-un-lft-identity80.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{b} + a \cdot -1} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      10. *-commutative80.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{b + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot a}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      11. neg-mul-180.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{b + \color{blue}{\left(-a\right)}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      12. sub-neg80.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{b - a}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      13. flip-+98.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right)} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      14. +-commutative98.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr98.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative98.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)}} \]
      2. associate-/r*98.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
    8. Simplified98.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l/98.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
      2. div-inv99.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
      3. metadata-eval99.0%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \frac{1}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{0.5}}} \]
      4. div-inv99.0%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}{0.5}}} \]
      5. clear-num99.0%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
      6. associate-/r*99.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
    10. Applied egg-rr99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
      2. associate-*l/99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}} \]
      3. *-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}} \]
      4. associate-/r*99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b}} \]
    12. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b}} \]
    13. Taylor expanded in a around inf 95.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b} \]
    14. Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}} \]

    if -1.19999999999999995e-45 < a

    1. Initial program 86.0%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative86.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right)} \]
      2. associate-*r*86.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
      3. associate-*r/86.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}\right) \cdot 1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
      4. associate-*r*86.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1\right)}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      5. *-rgt-identity86.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      6. sub-neg86.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      7. distribute-neg-frac86.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      8. metadata-eval86.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified86.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/86.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}} \]
      2. div-inv86.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
      3. metadata-eval86.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \]
      4. *-commutative86.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right)} \]
      5. associate-*r*86.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \pi} \]
      6. *-commutative86.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right)} \cdot \pi \]
    6. Applied egg-rr99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \pi} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in a around 0 62.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{b} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \pi \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification71.2%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -1.2 \cdot 10^{-45}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 74.7% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -5.1 \cdot 10^{-46}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= a -5.1e-46)
   (* (/ 0.5 a) (/ PI (* a b)))
   (* (/ (/ PI a) b) (/ 0.5 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -5.1e-46) {
		tmp = (0.5 / a) * (((double) M_PI) / (a * b));
	} else {
		tmp = ((((double) M_PI) / a) / b) * (0.5 / b);
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -5.1e-46) {
		tmp = (0.5 / a) * (Math.PI / (a * b));
	} else {
		tmp = ((Math.PI / a) / b) * (0.5 / b);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if a <= -5.1e-46:
		tmp = (0.5 / a) * (math.pi / (a * b))
	else:
		tmp = ((math.pi / a) / b) * (0.5 / b)
	return tmp
function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -5.1e-46)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 / a) * Float64(pi / Float64(a * b)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / a) / b) * Float64(0.5 / b));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (a <= -5.1e-46)
		tmp = (0.5 / a) * (pi / (a * b));
	else
		tmp = ((pi / a) / b) * (0.5 / b);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -5.1e-46], N[(N[(0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(Pi / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(Pi / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -5.1 \cdot 10^{-46}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -5.0999999999999997e-46

    1. Initial program 80.0%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l*80.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-rgt-identity80.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 1}}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      3. associate-/l*80.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      4. metadata-eval80.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      5. associate-*l/80.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
      6. *-lft-identity80.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      7. sub-neg80.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac80.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      9. metadata-eval80.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified80.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. metadata-eval80.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      2. div-inv80.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      3. *-commutative80.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}} \]
      4. clear-num80.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}}} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2} \]
      5. frac-times80.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \pi}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}} \cdot 2}} \]
      6. *-un-lft-identity80.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi}}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}} \cdot 2} \]
      7. frac-add80.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot b + a \cdot -1}{a \cdot b}}} \cdot 2} \]
      8. associate-/r/80.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{1 \cdot b + a \cdot -1} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)} \cdot 2} \]
      9. *-un-lft-identity80.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{b} + a \cdot -1} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      10. *-commutative80.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{b + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot a}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      11. neg-mul-180.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{b + \color{blue}{\left(-a\right)}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      12. sub-neg80.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{b - a}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      13. flip-+98.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right)} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      14. +-commutative98.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr98.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative98.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)}} \]
      2. associate-/r*98.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
    8. Simplified98.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l/98.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
      2. div-inv99.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
      3. metadata-eval99.0%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \frac{1}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{0.5}}} \]
      4. div-inv99.0%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}{0.5}}} \]
      5. clear-num99.0%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
      6. associate-/r*99.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
    10. Applied egg-rr99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
      2. associate-*l/99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}} \]
      3. *-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}} \]
      4. associate-/r*99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b}} \]
    12. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b}} \]
    13. Taylor expanded in a around inf 95.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b} \]
    14. Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}} \]

    if -5.0999999999999997e-46 < a

    1. Initial program 86.0%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l*86.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-rgt-identity86.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 1}}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      3. associate-/l*86.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      4. metadata-eval86.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
      5. associate-*l/86.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
      6. *-lft-identity86.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      7. sub-neg86.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac86.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      9. metadata-eval86.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified86.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. metadata-eval86.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      2. div-inv86.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      3. *-commutative86.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}} \]
      4. clear-num85.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}}} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2} \]
      5. frac-times85.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \pi}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}} \cdot 2}} \]
      6. *-un-lft-identity85.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi}}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}} \cdot 2} \]
      7. frac-add85.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot b + a \cdot -1}{a \cdot b}}} \cdot 2} \]
      8. associate-/r/85.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{1 \cdot b + a \cdot -1} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)} \cdot 2} \]
      9. *-un-lft-identity85.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{b} + a \cdot -1} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      10. *-commutative85.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{b + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot a}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      11. neg-mul-185.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{b + \color{blue}{\left(-a\right)}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      12. sub-neg85.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{b - a}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      13. flip-+99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right)} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
      14. +-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)}} \]
      2. associate-/r*99.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
    8. Simplified99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l/99.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
      2. div-inv99.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
      3. metadata-eval99.2%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \frac{1}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{0.5}}} \]
      4. div-inv99.2%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}{0.5}}} \]
      5. clear-num99.2%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
      6. associate-/r*99.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
    10. Applied egg-rr99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
      2. associate-*l/99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}} \]
      3. *-commutative99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}} \]
      4. associate-/r*99.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b}} \]
    12. Simplified99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b}} \]
    13. Taylor expanded in a around 0 63.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{b}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification71.6%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -5.1 \cdot 10^{-46}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 99.6% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \pi \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* PI (/ (/ 0.5 (+ a b)) (* a b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((double) M_PI) * ((0.5 / (a + b)) / (a * b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return Math.PI * ((0.5 / (a + b)) / (a * b));
}
def code(a, b):
	return math.pi * ((0.5 / (a + b)) / (a * b))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(pi * Float64(Float64(0.5 / Float64(a + b)) / Float64(a * b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = pi * ((0.5 / (a + b)) / (a * b));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(Pi * N[(N[(0.5 / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\pi \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 84.5%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l*84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
    2. *-rgt-identity84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 1}}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
    3. associate-/l*84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
    4. metadata-eval84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
    5. associate-*l/84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    6. *-lft-identity84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    7. sub-neg84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    8. distribute-neg-frac84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    9. metadata-eval84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
  3. Simplified84.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. metadata-eval84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    2. div-inv84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    3. *-commutative84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}} \]
    4. clear-num84.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}}} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2} \]
    5. frac-times84.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \pi}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}} \cdot 2}} \]
    6. *-un-lft-identity84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi}}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}} \cdot 2} \]
    7. frac-add84.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot b + a \cdot -1}{a \cdot b}}} \cdot 2} \]
    8. associate-/r/84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{1 \cdot b + a \cdot -1} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)} \cdot 2} \]
    9. *-un-lft-identity84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{b} + a \cdot -1} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    10. *-commutative84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{b + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot a}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    11. neg-mul-184.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{b + \color{blue}{\left(-a\right)}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    12. sub-neg84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{b - a}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    13. flip-+99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right)} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    14. +-commutative99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)}} \]
    2. associate-/r*99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
  8. Simplified99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. div-inv99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \]
    2. metadata-eval99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \]
    3. *-commutative99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \pi}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \]
    4. associate-*l/99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \pi} \]
    5. associate-/r*99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \cdot \pi \]
  10. Applied egg-rr99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b} \cdot \pi} \]
  11. Final simplification99.7%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b} \]
  12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 99.6% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (/ 0.5 (+ a b)) (/ (/ PI a) b)))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return (0.5 / (a + b)) * ((((double) M_PI) / a) / b);
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return (0.5 / (a + b)) * ((Math.PI / a) / b);
}
def code(a, b):
	return (0.5 / (a + b)) * ((math.pi / a) / b)
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(0.5 / Float64(a + b)) * Float64(Float64(pi / a) / b))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = (0.5 / (a + b)) * ((pi / a) / b);
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(0.5 / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(Pi / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 84.5%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l*84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
    2. *-rgt-identity84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 1}}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
    3. associate-/l*84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
    4. metadata-eval84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
    5. associate-*l/84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    6. *-lft-identity84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    7. sub-neg84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    8. distribute-neg-frac84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    9. metadata-eval84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
  3. Simplified84.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. metadata-eval84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    2. div-inv84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    3. *-commutative84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}} \]
    4. clear-num84.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}}} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2} \]
    5. frac-times84.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \pi}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}} \cdot 2}} \]
    6. *-un-lft-identity84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi}}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}} \cdot 2} \]
    7. frac-add84.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot b + a \cdot -1}{a \cdot b}}} \cdot 2} \]
    8. associate-/r/84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{1 \cdot b + a \cdot -1} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)} \cdot 2} \]
    9. *-un-lft-identity84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{b} + a \cdot -1} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    10. *-commutative84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{b + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot a}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    11. neg-mul-184.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{b + \color{blue}{\left(-a\right)}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    12. sub-neg84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{b - a}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    13. flip-+99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right)} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    14. +-commutative99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)}} \]
    2. associate-/r*99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
  8. Simplified99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l/99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
    2. div-inv99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
    3. metadata-eval99.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \frac{1}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{0.5}}} \]
    4. div-inv99.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}{0.5}}} \]
    5. clear-num99.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
    6. associate-/r*99.7%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
  10. Applied egg-rr99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
    2. associate-*l/99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}} \]
    3. *-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}} \]
    4. associate-/r*99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b}} \]
  12. Simplified99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b}} \]
  13. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 98.9% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* PI (/ 0.5 (* (+ a b) (* a b)))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((double) M_PI) * (0.5 / ((a + b) * (a * b)));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return Math.PI * (0.5 / ((a + b) * (a * b)));
}
def code(a, b):
	return math.pi * (0.5 / ((a + b) * (a * b)))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(pi * Float64(0.5 / Float64(Float64(a + b) * Float64(a * b))))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = pi * (0.5 / ((a + b) * (a * b)));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(Pi * N[(0.5 / N[(N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 84.5%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right)} \]
    2. associate-*r*84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    3. associate-*r/84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}\right) \cdot 1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    4. associate-*r*84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1\right)}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    5. *-rgt-identity84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    6. sub-neg84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    7. distribute-neg-frac84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    8. metadata-eval84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
  3. Simplified84.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}} \]
    2. div-inv84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
    3. metadata-eval84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \]
    4. *-commutative84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right)} \]
    5. associate-*r*84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \pi} \]
    6. *-commutative84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right)} \cdot \pi \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \pi} \]
  7. Final simplification99.2%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 63.3% accurate, 2.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (/ 0.5 a) (/ PI (* a b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return (0.5 / a) * (((double) M_PI) / (a * b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return (0.5 / a) * (Math.PI / (a * b));
}
def code(a, b):
	return (0.5 / a) * (math.pi / (a * b))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(0.5 / a) * Float64(pi / Float64(a * b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = (0.5 / a) * (pi / (a * b));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(Pi / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 84.5%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l*84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
    2. *-rgt-identity84.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 1}}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
    3. associate-/l*84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
    4. metadata-eval84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \]
    5. associate-*l/84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    6. *-lft-identity84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    7. sub-neg84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    8. distribute-neg-frac84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    9. metadata-eval84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
  3. Simplified84.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. metadata-eval84.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    2. div-inv84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
    3. *-commutative84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}} \]
    4. clear-num84.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}}} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2} \]
    5. frac-times84.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \pi}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}} \cdot 2}} \]
    6. *-un-lft-identity84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi}}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}} \cdot 2} \]
    7. frac-add84.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot b + a \cdot -1}{a \cdot b}}} \cdot 2} \]
    8. associate-/r/84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{1 \cdot b + a \cdot -1} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)} \cdot 2} \]
    9. *-un-lft-identity84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{b} + a \cdot -1} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    10. *-commutative84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{b + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot a}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    11. neg-mul-184.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{b + \color{blue}{\left(-a\right)}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    12. sub-neg84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{b - a}} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    13. flip-+99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right)} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
    14. +-commutative99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)} \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)}} \]
    2. associate-/r*99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
  8. Simplified99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l/99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
    2. div-inv99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \]
    3. metadata-eval99.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \frac{1}{\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{0.5}}} \]
    4. div-inv99.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}{0.5}}} \]
    5. clear-num99.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
    6. associate-/r*99.7%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
  10. Applied egg-rr99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
    2. associate-*l/99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}} \]
    3. *-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}} \]
    4. associate-/r*99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b}} \]
  12. Simplified99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b}} \]
  13. Taylor expanded in a around inf 72.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b} \]
  14. Taylor expanded in a around 0 72.2%

    \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}} \]
  15. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024146 
(FPCore (a b)
  :name "NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, B"
  :precision binary64
  (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))